Isotope-Labeled Compounds

Dapsone-13C12 is a stable isotope-labeled derivative of Dapsone (4,4′-Diaminodiphenyl sulfone). This compound acts as a sulfonamide antibiotic with specific bacteriostatic, antimycobacterial, and antiprotozoal properties, including effective antileprosy activity. Dapsone-13C12 is particularly useful in metabolic studies and tracking the pharmacokinetics of Dapsone in biological systems, supporting research in dermatologic disorders such as leprosy, dermatitis herpetiformis, and acne vulgaris.

Tempol-d17,15N is a stable isotope-labeled derivative of Tempol, a well-characterized superoxide dismutase (SOD) mimetic. This compound effectively neutralizes reactive oxygen species (ROS), making it a valuable tool in oxidative stress research. Its stable isotope composition is particularly useful for studies involving metabolic pathways and tracking biological processes in complex systems.

Glucosamine-13C hydrochloride is a stable isotope-labeled form of glucosamine hydrochloride. This compound serves as an amino sugar and is a crucial precursor in the biochemical synthesis of glycosylated proteins and lipids. It is widely utilized in research applications involving metabolic studies, tracer experiments, and the investigation of glycosylation processes in various biological systems.

Lipoic acid-d4 is a deuterium-labeled derivative of (R)-(+)-α-Lipoic acid, which primarily acts as a potent antioxidant and a crucial cofactor for mitochondrial enzyme complexes. This stable isotope variant facilitates advanced metabolic studies and enhances the tracking of metabolic pathways involving lipoic acid in research applications. Lipoic acid has been demonstrated to exhibit superior biological activity compared to its racemic form, making it a valuable tool in studies of oxidative stress and energy metabolism.

Methyl vanillate-d3 is a deuterated derivative of methyl vanillate, functioning primarily as a stable isotope. It acts as an activator of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and serves as an important antioxidant and plant metabolite. This compound is utilized in research related to cellular signaling, metabolic studies, and the exploration of modulation within the Wnt pathway. Its stable isotopic label makes it a valuable tool for various analytical applications in life sciences.

Buprofezin-d6 is a deuterium-labeled derivative of Buprofezin, a broad-spectrum insecticide primarily targeting developmental stages of coleopteran pests through inhibition of chitin synthesis. This compound facilitates a metabolic shift from aerobic respiration via the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle to anaerobic glycolysis, influencing energy metabolism. Additionally, Buprofezin-d6 enhances the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by inhibiting cytochrome c oxidase, making it a valuable reagent for research in insect physiology and metabolic studies.

Pyruvic acid-13C2-1 sodium is a stable isotope of Sodium 2-oxopropanoate, a key intermediate in the glycolytic pathway derived from glucose metabolism. This compound serves as a free radical scavenger, effectively neutralizing reactive oxygen species (ROS). Pyruvic acid-13C2-1 sodium is valuable for metabolic research, particularly in studies involving energy metabolism, oxidative stress, and metabolic flux analyses.

Dimethyl Phthalate-13C2 is a stable isotope-labeled compound used primarily for tracking and quantifying dimethyl phthalate in biological systems and environmental studies. This compound serves as a plasticizer in polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and is recognized for its endocrine-disrupting properties, particularly linked to ovarian dysfunction in murine models. Additionally, Dimethyl phthalate has been shown to induce oxidative stress and apoptosis, influencing hematological functions in rats. It is a valuable tool for researchers studying the biochemical impacts of environmental contaminants.

(E)-3,4-Dimethoxycinnamic acid-13C3 is a stable isotope-labeled derivative of (E)-3,4-Dimethoxycinnamic acid, which serves as a reference compound in metabolic studies. This compound has been shown to exert anti-apoptotic effects on L-02 cells through the reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated signaling pathway. Its application in research facilitates the understanding of cellular mechanisms and antioxidant responses.

Diethyl butylmalonate-d9 is a deuterium-labeled derivative of Diethyl butylmalonate, functioning primarily as a competitive inhibitor of succinate dehydrogenase. This compound exhibits anti-inflammatory properties by suppressing reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and demonstrates neuroprotective activities. Additionally, Diethyl butylmalonate-d9 displays cytotoxicity towards Tetrahymena pyriformis, with a log(IGC50-1) value of 0.557. Its unique profile makes it a valuable tool in the investigation of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease.

Hexahydrocurcumin-d6 is a deuterium-labeled derivative of hexahydrocurcumin, serving as a stable isotope for research purposes. Hexahydrocurcumin functions primarily as a selective, orally active inhibitor of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), showing no inhibition of COX-1. This compound exhibits significant antioxidant, anticancer, and anti-inflammatory properties, making it a valuable tool for studies in these areas of pharmacology and biochemistry.

Ethyl 3,4-Dihydroxybenzoate-13C3 is a stable isotope-labeled form of Ethyl 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate, a competitive inhibitor of prolyl hydroxylase (PHD). This compound effectively penetrates the blood-brain barrier and stabilizes hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF-1α) by inhibiting PHD-mediated hydroxylation. Its biological activities include the activation of autophagy and apoptosis in tumor cells, regulation of inflammatory responses, and promotion of osteoblast differentiation. Ethyl 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate-13C3 is valuable for research in cardiovascular protection, bone metabolism, and the prevention of high-altitude cerebral edema.

N-tert-Butyl-α-phenylnitrone-d14 is a deuterium-labeled variant of N-tert-Butyl-α-phenylnitrone, a nitrone compound recognized for its free radical scavenging capabilities. This reagent effectively forms nitroxide spin adducts and demonstrates inhibition of COX2 catalytic activity. Key biological activities include potent reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging, alongside anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, anti-aging, and anti-diabetic properties. Additionally, it has the ability to penetrate the blood-brain barrier, making it valuable for various research applications in the fields of oxidative stress and neurobiology.

Fluorene-13C6 is a stable isotope-labeled variant of fluorene, a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) that serves as a precursor for various fluorene-based compounds. This reagent is utilized in studies investigating oxidative stress and inflammatory responses, particularly in A549 cells, where it enhances reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and induces lipid peroxidation while upregulating pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α and IL-6. Additionally, Fluorene-13C6 has demonstrated potential anxiolytic effects in vivo, making it valuable for research in inflammation and neurological disorders.

Dapsone-d4 is a deuterated analog of Dapsone, targeting bacterial folate synthesis. This stable isotope is primarily utilized in research related to leprosy and various dermatologic disorders such as dermatitis herpetiformis and acne vulgaris. Due to its effective bacteriostatic and antimycobacterial properties, Dapsone-d4 is valuable for studying drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics in related therapeutic contexts.

Glucosamine-13C,15N hydrochloride is a stable isotope-labeled form of D-Glucosamine hydrochloride, incorporating both carbon-13 and nitrogen-15 isotopes. This amino sugar functions as a critical precursor in the biosynthesis of glycosylated proteins and lipids. Its isotopic labeling enables precise tracking of metabolic pathways and offers valuable insights in various biochemical research applications, such as in studies related to cell signaling and carbohydrate metabolism.

Buspirone-d8 is a deuterated form of the anxiolytic agent buspirone, featuring eight deuterium atoms. This stable isotope is primarily used in pharmacokinetic studies and metabolic research to trace drug dynamics in biological systems. Its incorporation into research protocols aids in the accurate determination of drug metabolism and disposition without altering the compound's pharmacological properties.

Glucosamine-2-13C hydrochloride is a stable isotope-labeled form of glucosamine hydrochloride, which acts as a key precursor in the biosynthesis of glycosylated proteins and lipids. This compound is crucial for research into metabolic pathways and cellular functions involving amino sugars. Glucosamine-2-13C hydrochloride can be employed in isotope labeling studies to trace metabolic processes and understand the roles of glycoproteins and glycolipids in various biological systems.

Dimethachlor-d6 is a deuterium-labeled derivative of Dimethachlor, a synthetic herbicide that inhibits the growth of unwanted weeds by suppressing very long-chain fatty acid synthesis. This compound disrupts normal plant developmental processes through the induction of apoptosis and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Dimethachlor-d6 serves as a valuable stable isotope for biochemical research, enabling the study of herbicide mechanisms and their effects on plant biology.

Sulforaphane-d8 is a deuterium-labeled derivative of sulforaphane, targeting the Keap1/Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway. This compound is an effective inducer of tumor-suppressing proteins and has been shown to inhibit histone deacetylase (HDAC) activity. Sulforaphane-d8 provides cardioprotective effects by enhancing heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression and has demonstrated potential in suppressing high glucose-induced pancreatic cancer through AMPK-dependent signaling. This reagent is valuable for anticancer and anti-inflammatory research applications.

Glucosamine-15N hydrochloride is a stable isotope-labeled form of D-Glucosamine hydrochloride. This amino sugar serves as a key precursor in the biochemical synthesis of glycosylated proteins and lipids. The incorporation of the 15N isotope allows for advanced tracer studies in metabolic research, helping to elucidate pathways involving nitrogen-containing compounds. It is a valuable tool for researchers studying protein glycosylation and cellular metabolism.

Veratric acid-d6 is a deuterated analog of veratric acid (3,4-Dimethoxybenzoic acid), serving as a stable isotope for various analytical applications. This phenolic compound, derived from fruits and vegetables, exhibits notable antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Research indicates that veratric acid can mitigate cardiovascular remodeling associated with hypertension by downregulating COX-2 expression and decreasing levels of PGE2 and IL-6 following UVB exposure. Its unique isotopic labeling makes veratric acid-d6 suitable for studies requiring precise quantification in metabolic and pharmacokinetic investigations.

D-(+)-Glucono-1,5-lactone-13C6 is a stable isotope-labeled compound derived from D-(+)-Glucono-1,5-lactone. This polyhydroxy lactone exhibits metal-chelating, moisturizing, and antioxidant properties. D-(+)-Glucono-1,5-lactone-13C6 is primarily utilized in metabolic studies and tracer experiments, facilitating investigations into biochemical pathways and compound metabolism in various biological systems.

Nisoldipine-d6 is the deuterium-labeled derivative of Nisoldipine, a potent calcium channel blocker that selectively targets L-type voltage-gated calcium channels, specifically Cav1.2, with an IC50 of 10 nM. This stable isotope is valuable for pharmacokinetic studies, enabling the investigation of drug metabolism and distribution in biological systems. Researchers can utilize Nisoldipine-d6 for determining precise drug concentrations and tracing its metabolic pathways in various experimental setups.

Veratric acid-13C is a stable isotope-labeled version of veratric acid (3,4-Dimethoxybenzoic acid), known for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. This phenolic compound, derived from various fruits and vegetables, serves as a protective agent against hypertension-related cardiovascular remodeling. Veratric acid-13C can effectively modulate levels of COX-2 expression, as well as PGE2 and IL-6 in response to UVB irradiation, making it a valuable tool for research in cardiovascular health and inflammation studies.

Tempol-d17 is a deuterium-labeled derivative of Tempol, functioning as a stable isotope. It acts as a superoxide dismutase (SOD) mimetic, effectively neutralizing reactive oxygen species (ROS). This compound is valuable in studying oxidative stress and cellular protection mechanisms in various biological systems. Its unique isotope labeling enables advanced applications in metabolic tracing and in vivo imaging studies.

Uric acid-13C is a stable isotope-labeled form of uric acid, which functions as an effective scavenger of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and an important antioxidant. Its primary mechanism involves neutralizing oxidative stress by removing harmful species like singlet oxygen and peroxynitrite, thereby aiding in the maintenance of blood pressure stability and lipid peroxidation inhibition. Uric acid-13C is valuable for research applications in the fields of oxidative stress, metabolic disorders, and cardiovascular health.

Lercanidipine-d3 is a deuterium-labeled analog of Lercanidipine, a third-generation lipophilic dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker. It exhibits a high affinity for vascular targets with a pIC50 of 7.74 and demonstrates prolonged antihypertensive effects, along with notable reno- and neuro-protective properties. Additionally, Lercanidipine possesses antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic activities, making it suitable for cardiovascular and neurological research applications.

4-Methoxy-d3 17b-estradiol is a stable isotope-labeled form of 4-Methoxyestradiol, a methoxy-substituted derivative of estradiol. This compound is known to induce oxidative DNA damage in human lung epithelial cells, and it enhances reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels along with superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in H1355 cells. Research applications include studies on oxidative stress mechanisms and the role of estrogen derivatives in cellular processes.

Phthalic acid-13C is a stable isotope-labeled form of phthalic acid, primarily serving as a tracer in metabolic studies. As a key metabolite of phthalic acid esters (PAEs), it is instrumental in the synthesis of various synthetic agents, including isophthalic acid (IPA) and terephthalic acid (TPA). This compound is widely utilized in research focused on phthalate ester plasticizers and has implications for studying the mutagenic effects and genetic damage associated with phthalic acid in mammalian germ cells.

Efaproxiral-d6 is a deuterium-labeled derivative of Efaproxiral, a synthetic allosteric modifier of hemoglobin (Hb). This compound decreases the binding affinity of Hb for oxygen (O2), thereby promoting enhanced oxygenation in hypoxic tumors, particularly in the context of radiation therapy. Efaproxiral-d6 is useful in research applications focused on tumor microenvironments and the modulation of oxygen delivery during cancer treatments.

D-α-Hydroxyglutaric acid-13C5 disodium is a stable isotope-labeled analog of D-α-Hydroxyglutaric acid, primarily used in metabolic studies. This compound serves as a weak competitive antagonist of α-ketoglutarate, inhibiting α-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases at a Ki of 10.87 mM. It has been shown to enhance reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and exhibits inhibitory effects on ATP synthase, impacting mTOR signaling pathways. D-α-Hydroxyglutaric acid-13C5 disodium is useful in research focused on neurometabolic disorders and metabolic pathways influenced by α-ketoglutarate metabolism.

Simvastatin acid-d6 is a deuterium-labeled derivative of Simvastatin acid, primarily targeting HMG-CoA reductase (HMGCR). This compound exhibits robust biological activity by reducing Indoxyl sulfate-mediated reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in human cardiomyocytes. Furthermore, Simvastatin acid-d6 is instrumental in modulating OATP3A1 expression in cardiomyocytes and HEK293 cells transfected with the OATP3A1 gene, making it valuable for research in cardiovascular health and drug transport studies.

Nisoldipine-d4 is a deuterium-labeled derivative of Nisoldipine, a calcium channel blocker that selectively inhibits L-type calcium channels (Cav1.2) with an IC50 of 10 nM. This stable isotope is valuable for pharmacokinetic studies and metabolic profiling, enabling researchers to investigate the drug's behavior in complex biological systems. Its unique labeling facilitates mass spectrometry detection, making it an ideal choice for studies focused on drug metabolism and pharmacodynamics.

Citronellol-d6 is a deuterated stable isotope of Citronellol, an orally active compound known for its pro-apoptotic properties. This reagent is instrumental in studying key biological pathways, including the regulation of oxidative stress, mitochondrial functionality, and apoptosis, particularly in the context of neurodegenerative disorders like Parkinson's disease. Additionally, Citronellol has demonstrated the ability to induce necroptosis in human lung cancer cells via the TNF-α signaling pathway and exhibits anti-fungal activity against Trichophyton rubrum by inhibiting ergosterol synthesis. Suitable for various research applications, Citronellol-d6 enables precise tracking of metabolic processes and compound interactions.

Nisoldipine-d7 is a deuterium-labeled derivative of Nisoldipine, a potent calcium channel blocker that selectively targets L-type Cav1.2 channels with an IC50 of 10 nM. This stable isotope is utilized in pharmacokinetic studies to track Nisoldipine metabolism and distribution in biological systems. Its precise labeling makes it an invaluable tool for researchers investigating calcium signaling pathways and cardiovascular pharmacology.

Dapsone-15N2 (4,4′-Diaminodiphenyl sulfone-15N2) is a stable nitrogen isotope-labeled derivative of Dapsone. Dapsone functions as an orally active sulfonamide antibiotic known for its bacteriostatic, antimycobacterial, and antiprotozoal properties. It effectively inhibits folate synthesis in Mycobacterium leprae, making it critical for leprosy treatment. This reagent is valuable for research in dermatologic disorders, including leprosy, dermatitis herpetiformis, and acne vulgaris.

Norgestrel-d5 is a deuterium-labeled analogue of Norgestrel, designed as a stable isotope for precision research applications. This compound is utilized in pharmacokinetic studies and metabolic profiling, allowing for enhanced tracking and quantification of Norgestrel in biological samples. Its unique labeling facilitates advanced analytical techniques, contributing to a deeper understanding of hormonal mechanisms in therapeutic contexts.

Chenodeoxycholic Acid-d4 is a stable isotope-labeled form of Chenodeoxycholic Acid, a hydrophobic primary bile acid. It primarily targets the farnesoid X receptor (FXR), playing a crucial role in the regulation of cholesterol metabolism. This compound is valuable in research applications such as studying bile acid signaling pathways and metabolic disease mechanisms. Its stable isotope labeling allows for precise tracking in metabolic studies and isotope dilution assays.

Ammonium chloride-15N is a stable isotope-labeled form of ammonium chloride that enables precise tracking and analysis in biological systems. It disrupts pH homeostasis by inducing intracellular alkalization and metabolic acidosis, thereby influencing enzymatic activity and various metabolic processes. This compound serves as an autophagy and lysosome inhibitor, making it valuable for research in cellular metabolism, autophagy regulation, and related pathways. Its unique isotopic labeling allows for enhanced understanding of nitrogen dynamics in biochemical studies.

Taurine-d4 is a deuterium-labeled derivative of taurine, a sulfur-containing amino acid that functions as an organic osmolyte involved in cellular volume regulation. This compound serves as a substrate in bile salt synthesis and is essential in modulating intracellular calcium concentrations. Additionally, taurine is known to activate autophagy in adipocytes, making Taurine-d4 a valuable reagent for research applications in metabolic and cellular biology studies.

SN-38-d3 is a deuterium-labeled derivative of SN-38, the active metabolite of the topoisomerase I inhibitor Irinotecan. SN-38 exhibits potent activity against DNA and RNA synthesis, with IC50 values of 0.077 μM and 1.3 μM, respectively. This stable isotope is instrumental in pharmacokinetic studies, mass spectrometry applications, and tracer studies involving cancer research and drug metabolism.

Carbamazepine-d10 is a stable isotope-labeled derivative of Carbamazepine, which acts primarily as a sodium channel blocker. This compound exhibits anticonvulsant properties and is widely used in neurological research to study epilepsy and other seizure disorders. Its unique deuterium labeling enables precise tracking and analysis in pharmacokinetic studies, enhancing understanding of drug metabolism and interactions.

Niacin-d4 is a deuterium-labeled derivative of Niacin, also known as Nicotinic acid. As a stable isotope, Niacin-d4 serves as a valuable tool in tracer studies and metabolic research. It is widely utilized to enhance the quantitative analysis of nicotinic acid and its metabolites in biological samples, facilitating research on vitamin B metabolism and related biochemical pathways.

Taurine-13C2 is a stable isotope-labeled form of Taurine, a sulfur-containing amino acid that functions as an organic osmolyte critical for cell volume regulation. It serves as a substrate for bile salt formation and modulates intracellular free calcium concentrations. This compound has also been shown to activate autophagy in adipocytes, making it relevant for research on cellular metabolism and signaling pathways.

Homovanillic acid-d5 is a deuterated form of Homovanillic acid, serving as a stable isotope standard. This compound is a significant metabolite of dopamine, implicated in various conditions including aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase deficiency, celiac disease, growth hormone deficiency, and sepiapterin reductase deficiency. It is utilized in metabolic studies, biomarker discovery, and pharmacokinetic research, facilitating precise quantification of dopamine-related pathways in biological samples.

Taurine-13C2,15N is a stable isotope-labeled derivative of taurine, a sulfur-containing amino acid. It plays a vital role in cellular osmoregulation and serves as a precursor for bile salt synthesis. In addition, taurine has demonstrated the capacity to modulate intracellular calcium levels and is known to activate autophagy in adipocytes. This compound is valuable for metabolic studies and tracing experiments in various biological systems.

Azithromycin-d3 is a deuterium-labeled derivative of the macrolide antibiotic Azithromycin. It primarily functions as a stable isotope for use in pharmacokinetic studies and metabolic profiling of Azithromycin. This reagent is essential for investigations into antibiotic mechanisms, distribution, and metabolism, enabling researchers to track drug behavior in biological systems.

Glyburide-d3 is a deuterium-labeled derivative of Glibenclamide, an orally active inhibitor of ATP-sensitive K+ channels (KATP). This compound is instrumental in research related to diabetes and obesity, as it modulates insulin secretion through KATP inhibition. Glyburide-d3 also interacts with P-glycoprotein and the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), and it influences mitochondrial bioenergetics by altering membrane ion permeability. Additionally, it has been shown to induce autophagy, making it a valuable tool in cellular metabolism studies.

Cabazitaxel-d6 is a deuterated form of Cabazitaxel, a semi-synthetic derivative of the natural taxoid 10-deacetylbaccatin III, known for its potential antineoplastic activity. This stable isotope is valuable for pharmacokinetic studies and metabolic applications, providing insights into the drug's behavior in biological systems. Researchers can utilize Cabazitaxel-d6 to trace metabolic pathways, enhancing the understanding of drug interactions and efficacy in cancer treatment.