Catalog No.
Product Name
Application
Product Information
Citations
-
Endogenous Metabolite
Citaldoxime is an endogenous metabolite recognized for its role as a γ-radiation-induced antifungal stress metabolite found in Citrus plants. This compound exhibits notable antifungal activity, making it valuable for studies focused on plant stress responses and fungal pathogen interactions. Research applications include investigating metabolic responses to environmental stressors and exploring potential antifungal mechanisms in plant systems. -
Fungal Metabolite
Viridiol is a fungal metabolite derived from Trichoderma viride, primarily exhibiting antifungal properties. This compound demonstrates efficacy against various fungal pathogens, making it a valuable tool for research into fungal biology and antifungal drug development. Its applications include investigating mechanisms of antifungal resistance and exploring potential therapeutic strategies for fungal infections. -
Antifungal Metabolite
Eucalyptacid A is an antifungal metabolite that demonstrates significant antifungal activity against Alternaria solani, with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values ranging from 6.25 to 50 μM. This compound is suitable for research applications focused on antifungal mechanisms and studying phytopathogen interactions. Its effectiveness positions it as a valuable tool for investigating potential antifungal treatments in agricultural and biomedical research. -
Antifungal Metabolite
Chaetosemin J is an antifungal metabolite with demonstrated inhibitory activity against several plant pathogenic fungi, including Botrytis cinerea, Alternaria solani, Magnaporthe oryzae, and Gibberella saubinettii. Its minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values range from 12.5 to 25 μM, indicating its potential utility in agricultural research and studies aimed at developing new antifungal agents. -
Antifungal Metabolite
Canadensolide is an antifungal metabolite derived from Penicillium canadense. It exhibits potent antifungal activity against various pathogenic fungi, making it valuable for studying fungal infections and developing antifungal strategies. Research applications include investigating mechanisms of action in fungal resistance and exploring potential therapeutic uses in clinical settings. -
Fungal Metabolite
dl-Aloesol is a natural fungal metabolite derived from Aspergillus species, primarily known for its diverse biological activities. It exhibits cytotoxic, antibacterial, anti-parasitic, antiviral, and antiproliferative properties, making it a valuable tool for research applications in microbiology, pharmacology, and medicinal chemistry. Its ability to scavenge free radicals further underscores its potential in studies focused on oxidative stress and cellular protection. -
Fungal Metabolite
Homogentisic acid lactone is a fungal metabolite that exhibits significant fungicidal activity, notably against the plant pathogenic fungus Fusarium graminearum. This compound is derived from the fungus WF5 and serves as a valuable substrate for assessing serum paraoxonase/arylesterase 1 (PON1) activity in biochemical research. Its unique mode of action and biological properties make it an important tool in studies related to fungal pathogenesis and enzyme activity assessment. -
Fungal Metabolite
Cladosporin is a fungal metabolite with potent antibiotic and antifungal properties. It demonstrates significant inhibitory activity against a range of dermatophytes, plant pathogens, and bacteria. Additionally, Cladosporin exhibits antimalarial effects by targeting cytoplasmic lysine-tRNA synthetase in Plasmodium (PfKrs1), making it a valuable compound for research in microbial resistance and antimalarial studies. -
Bacterial Inhibitor
5,6-Dihydroxyindole is a bacterial inhibitor known for its broad-spectrum antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, and antiparasitic activities. As a precursor in melanin synthesis, it exhibits cytotoxic properties, demonstrating significant toxicity against a variety of pathogenic organisms. This compound is valuable for research applications focused on antimicrobial resistance and the development of novel therapeutic agents. -
Endogenous Metabolite
Purine, an endogenous metabolite, serves as a fundamental building block of nucleic acids. It plays a role in inhibiting the activation of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) and provides protection against oxidant-induced cellular injury. Purine is utilized in research related to cancer and neurological disorders, highlighting its significance in studying cellular processes and treatments for various diseases. -
Endogenous Metabolite
α-Hydroxyglutaric acid is an endogenous metabolite that acts as a competitive inhibitor of various α-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases, including histone demethylases and the TET enzyme family responsible for converting 5-methylcytosine (5mC) to hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC). This compound is instrumental in epigenetic research, influencing histone modification and DNA methylation processes. Its role in metabolic pathways also makes it valuable for studying glioma metabolism and hypoxia-related conditions. -
Endogenous Metabolite
Homovanillic acid, a key metabolite of dopamine, serves as an important biomarker in various neurological and metabolic disorders. Elevated or altered levels of homovanillic acid have been implicated in conditions such as aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase deficiency, celiac disease, growth hormone deficiency, and sepiapterin reductase deficiency. This compound is valuable for research applications focused on neurochemistry and metabolic diseases, enabling the study of dopamine metabolism and related pathologies. -
Endogenous Metabolite
Spermine is an endogenous metabolite known for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. It exhibits inhibitory effects on certain bacterial strains, particularly Staphylococcus aureus, and induces neurotoxicity in a dose-dependent manner in striatal cells. Additionally, spermine can reversibly inhibit DNA synthesis, mixed lymphocyte responses, and cytolytic lymphocyte induction in murine spleen cell cultures. Spermine tetrahydrochloride serves as a nitric oxide donor, modulating platelet activation in a concentration-dependent manner, while also demonstrating inhibitory effects on primary human embryo lung fibroblasts in vitro. -
Endogenous Metabolite
D-Glucuronic acid is an endogenous metabolite that plays a crucial role in the synthesis of anti-inflammatory proteoglycans. It is implicated in promoting embryonic development and inhibiting cell aggregation. This compound can be metabolized to ethyl glucuronide, which activates Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), associated with pain signaling. D-Glucuronic acid and its derivative glucurono-lactone are recognized for their potential as liver detoxifiers and exhibit anti-tumor activity, making them important tools in various biological research applications. -
Endogenous Metabolite
Spermine tetrahydrochloride is a polyamine that serves as a nitric oxide donor, modulating platelet activation in a concentration-dependent manner. This endogenous metabolite exhibits a range of biological activities, including antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, and demonstrates inhibitory effects on primary human embryo lung fibroblasts in vitro. Additionally, spermine influences immune responses by reversibly inhibiting DNA synthesis and lymphocyte activation in murine spleen cell cultures. Its antibacterial properties include inhibition of certain bacterial strains, notably Staphylococcus aureus, while also eliciting neurotoxic effects in the striatum in a dose-dependent fashion. -
Endogenous Metabolite
D-Glucaric acid tetrahydrate is an endogenous metabolite that serves as an important product of the mammalian D-glucuronidation pathway. This compound exhibits notable biological activities, including the induction of apoptosis and the reduction of expression of myelin-related genes in the hippocampus, such as Mbp and Plp1. Additionally, D-Glucaric acid tetrahydrate demonstrates cholesterol-lowering and anti-tumor properties, making it relevant for research applications in neurological diseases and cancer biology. -
Endogenous Metabolite
Crocin is an endogenous metabolite derived from the stigma of Crocus sativus, recognized for its role in inhibiting tumor cell proliferation and promoting apoptosis via the JAK signaling pathway. It exhibits significant anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, making it a valuable compound for research in cancer biology and therapeutic development. Crocin is utilized in studies focused on its potential as an antitumor agent and its broader implications in cellular health. -
Endogenous Metabolite
Phosphocreatine is an endogenous metabolite primarily known for its role in energy metabolism within vertebrate skeletal muscle. It enhances antioxidant activity and activates the TAK1 pathway, contributing to cardiac protection. Additionally, phosphocreatine normalizes mitochondrial function and mitigates oxidative stress through the Akt-mediated Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. Furthermore, it provides renal protection by inhibiting apoptosis and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation via the ERK-mediated Nrf2/HO-1 pathway, making it a valuable tool for research in cellular stress responses and organ protection. -
Endogenous Metabolite
N1-Acetylspermidine hydrochloride is an acetyl derivative of polyamines, serving as a substrate for polyamine oxidase (PAO). It has been shown to promote apoptosis, particularly in conjunction with procyanidins, and demonstrates cleavage efficiency at apurinic sites in DNA. This compound has valuable applications in colorectal cancer research, facilitating investigations into polyamine metabolism and its implications in tumorigenesis. -
Endogenous Metabolite
Linolelaidic acid is an omega-6 trans fatty acid that functions as an endogenous metabolite with critical roles in human physiology. This compound exhibits anti-inflammatory and anti-parasitic activities, and has been shown to induce apoptosis in various cell types. Linolelaidic acid is relevant for research applications in the study of infections and nutritional science, particularly concerning enteral and parenteral nutrition as well as infant formula development. -
Endogenous metabolite
6-Oxolithocholic acid is an endogenous bile acid metabolite primarily involved in bile acid metabolism and cholesterol synthesis regulation. It exhibits significant cytotoxic effects and can induce apoptosis in hepatocytes. This compound is valuable for research into the roles of bile acids in various health conditions, particularly in the context of digestive and liver diseases. -
Endogenous Metabolite
Stachyose hydrate is an endogenous metabolite that functions as an orally active prebiotic, promoting the growth and activity of beneficial gut bacteria. It exhibits hypoglycemic effects and contributes to inflammation reduction through gut microbiota modulation. Additionally, Stachyose hydrate has been shown to induce apoptosis in plant cells. This compound is valuable for research applications focused on inflammation, gastrointestinal diseases, and agricultural studies. -
Endogenous Metabolite
D-Glucaric acid potassium is an endogenous metabolite derived from the D-glucuronic acid pathway in mammals. This compound exhibits significant cholesterol-lowering properties and demonstrates anti-tumor activity by inhibiting tumor cell proliferation, reducing inflammation, and inducing apoptosis. Research applications include investigating its potential therapeutic role in cancer treatment and metabolic disorders. -
Endogenous Metabolite
Citric acid triammonium is a nitrogen-rich compound formed by the reaction of citric acid with ammonia in a 1:3 molar ratio. As an endogenous metabolite, it serves as an effective carbon source for the synthesis of carbon quantum dots (CDs). The enhanced nitrogen content of citric acid triammonium may facilitate the incorporation of nitrogen-based functional groups in CDs, contributing to improved emission-color tunability. Its unique properties make it valuable for research in materials science and nanotechnology applications. -
Endogenous Metabolite
L-Histidine is an essential amino acid that serves as an important metabolic precursor in various physiological processes. It plays a critical role in protein synthesis and is particularly vital for growth in infants. Additionally, L-Histidine functions as an inhibitor of mitochondrial glutamine transport, highlighting its relevance in mitochondrial function studies. This compound is frequently utilized in biochemical research and nutritional studies. -
Endogenous Metabolite
D-Gluconic acid is an endogenous metabolite that functions as a carboxylic acid, exhibiting notable antiseptic and chelating properties. This reagent is used in various biological research applications, including studies of metabolic pathways and chelation dynamics, and has potential utility in the development of therapeutic agents. Its role in cellular processes makes it a valuable tool for researchers investigating metabolic disorders and biochemical interactions. -
Endogenous Metabolite
Glucagon-Like Peptide (GLP) II, human is a 33-amino acid peptide derived from the C-terminal region of proglucagon, primarily synthesized by intestinal L cells. It plays a crucial role in promoting intestinal mucosal growth and inhibiting enterocyte apoptosis. This peptide is valuable in research focused on gastrointestinal health, metabolism, and potential therapeutic applications in intestinal disorders. -
Endogenous Metabolite
Desmosterol is a cholesterol precursor involved in the Bloch pathway of cholesterol biosynthesis. As an endogenous metabolite, it plays a critical role in the study of cholesterol metabolism. Desmosterol functions as a liver X receptor (LXR) activator and SREBP inhibitor, which can mitigate macrophage inflammasome activation, thereby reducing vascular inflammation and the risk of atherosclerosis. Furthermore, lower levels of Desmosterol can lead to increased production of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) in macrophages and activate the NLRP3 inflammasome through pyrin domain mechanisms. This compound is valuable for research focused on inflammation, metabolic processes, and cardiovascular diseases. -
Endogenous Metabolite
5-Methoxy-DL-tryptophan is an endogenous metabolite that exhibits anti-inflammatory properties. This compound is known to inhibit lipopolysaccharide-induced release of interleukin-6 (IL-6), thereby suggesting its role in inflammatory processes. Its biological activity makes it a valuable tool for research in the context of atherosclerosis and related inflammatory conditions. -
Endogenous Metabolite
Ethyl glucuronide is an endogenous metabolite of ethanol, serving as a reliable biomarker for alcohol exposure. It accumulates in hair, providing a measure of alcohol intake over extended periods. Additionally, ethyl glucuronide acts as an agonist for Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), making it relevant in studies of inflammatory responses and alcohol metabolism. -
Endogenous Metabolite
Palmitic acid sodium is a long-chain saturated fatty acid that serves as an endogenous metabolite. It has been shown to induce the expression of glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) and CCAAT/enhancer binding protein homologous protein (CHOP) in mouse granulosa cells. This compound is commonly utilized to establish a cell steatosis model, making it valuable for research into metabolic disorders and related cellular mechanisms. -
Endogenous Metabolite
Palmitic acid calcium is a long-chain saturated fatty acid that functions as an endogenous metabolite. It stimulates the expression of glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) and CCAAT/enhancer binding protein homologous protein (CHOP) in mouse granulosa cells, contributing to cellular stress response mechanisms. This compound is essential for establishing cell steatosis models, facilitating research into fatty acid metabolism and related metabolic disorders. -
Endogenous Metabolite
Cysteinylglycine is an endogenous dipeptide resulting from the linkage of cysteine and glycine. It serves as a crucial metabolic intermediate, primarily produced by the degradation of glutathione. Cysteinylglycine functions in redox processes by reducing ferric iron to ferrous iron, generating reactive oxygen species (ROS), and inducing oxidative stress, which can lead to lipid peroxidation and DNA damage. Its potential as a biomarker makes it valuable for assessing ischemic heart disease, breast cancer, and other pathological conditions. -
Endogenous Metabolite
Guanine hydrochloride is a purine derivative that serves as a vital component of nucleic acids, including DNA and RNA. With its fused pyrimidine-imidazole ring system and conjugated double bonds, it plays important roles in cellular metabolism and genetic information transfer. This compound can potentially function as a significant nitrogen reservoir, making it valuable for various biochemical research applications, including studies of nucleic acid structure and metabolism. -
Endogenous Metabolite
Cysteinylglycine TFA is a dipeptide formed by the linkage of cysteine and glycine, serving as an important endogenous metabolite. This compound plays a crucial role in the redox cycling of iron by reducing trivalent iron to divalent iron, leading to the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inducing oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation, and DNA damage. Cysteinylglycine TFA has potential applications as a biomarker for various conditions, including ischemic heart disease and breast cancer, making it valuable for research in metabolic and oxidative stress-related studies. -
Endogenous Metabolite
9,10-EpOME (9,10-Epoxyoctadecenoic acid) is a cytochrome P450-derived metabolite of linoleic acid. It is known to induce oxidative stress by activating the NF-κB and AP-1 transcription factors and facilitates the chemotaxis of human neutrophils. Additionally, 9,10-EpOME has been shown to induce mechanical and thermal pain in wild-type mice via the PKA pathway. This compound is useful for investigating mechanisms of inflammation and pain in research settings. -
Endogenous Metabolite
Glycodeoxycholic Acid is an endogenous metabolite that plays a significant role in hepatic physiology. It has been shown to induce hepatocyte necrosis and initiate autophagy, particularly in conditions such as obstructive cholestasis. This compound is essential for studying liver pathology and can be utilized in research focused on cholestatic liver diseases and cellular response mechanisms. -
Endogenous Metabolite
3-Indolepropionic acid is an endogenous metabolite that acts as a potent antioxidant. Its ability to scavenge free radicals suggests potential therapeutic applications in neurodegenerative diseases, particularly Alzheimer's disease. This compound is of interest for research focused on oxidative stress and neuroprotection in cellular models. -
Endogenous Metabolite
Oxaloacetic acid is a key endogenous metabolite that plays a crucial role in the citric acid cycle, gluconeogenesis, the urea cycle, the glyoxylate cycle, and both amino acid and fatty acid synthesis. Its involvement in these metabolic pathways allows for the clearance of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and enhances mitochondrial function. Oxaloacetic acid is valuable in research focused on energy metabolism, oxidative stress, and metabolic disorders. -
Endogenous metabolite
2,2-Dihydroxyacetic acid is an endogenous metabolite and a monohydrate of glyoxylic acid. This compound is involved in the microbial glyoxylate cycle and may enhance levels of reactive oxygen species, promote cell differentiation, and aid in the modification of proteins to produce advanced glycation end products (AGEs). Its physiological significance links it to metabolic disorders, particularly primary hyperoxaluria, making it a valuable reagent for research in metabolic disease pathways. -
Endogenous Metabolite
Succinyl phosphonate is a selective inhibitor of α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase (KGDHC) and 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (OGDH). It effectively inhibits KGDHC activity in various cell types including muscle, bacterial, brain, and cultured human fibroblasts, demonstrating distinct effects on cell viability influenced by metabolic conditions in cancer cells. Additionally, succinyl phosphonate trisodium salt is known to reduce glutamate-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in glutamate-stimulated hippocampal neurons, making it a valuable tool for studies in metabolic pathways and neurotoxicity. -
Fungal Metabolite
Fusarochromanone, a fungal metabolite, primarily targets the JNK signaling pathway. It exhibits significant anti-angiogenic and anti-cancer properties, likely mediated by the induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS). This compound is valuable in cancer research and therapeutic development, particularly in studies focusing on angiogenesis and oxidative stress responses. -
Endogenous Metabolite
Moracin M is a phenolic compound derived from Mori Cortex that acts as a potent inhibitor of phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE4), exhibiting IC50 values of 2.9, 4.5, >40, and >100 μM for PDE4D2, PDE4B2, PDE5A1, and PDE9A2, respectively. This compound demonstrates significant anti-inflammatory activity, making it a valuable tool for research in inflammation and related signaling pathways. Its potential applications include studying the role of PDE inhibition in various disease models. -
Endogenous Metabolite
Meglutol is an endogenous metabolite that functions as a lipid-lowering agent by inhibiting HMG-CoA reductase, a key enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis. It effectively reduces levels of cholesterol, triglycerides, serum β-lipoprotein, and phospholipids. Additionally, Meglutol is noted for inducing significant lipid oxidative damage in brain tissue, making it a valuable tool for research in cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. -
Endogenous Metabolite
Chenodeoxycholic acid sodium is a hydrophobic primary bile acid that predominantly activates farnesoid X receptor (FXR), a nuclear receptor integral to cholesterol metabolism and homeostasis. This compound plays a significant role in regulating lipid metabolism and has been implicated in therapeutic applications related to metabolic disorders, particularly in studies investigating the modulation of bile acid signaling pathways. Its ability to influence liver function and glucose metabolism makes it a valuable reagent in biological research focused on metabolic regulation and associated pathologies. -
Endogenous Metabolite
Prostaglandin B3 (PGB3) is an endogenous metabolite belonging to the class of prostaglandins B and characterized as a secondary alcohol. PGB3 displays low affinity for human peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), with a Ki value exceeding 1 mM, which contrasts with the more potent affinities of PGB1 and PGB2. This compound can be utilized in research applications related to lipid metabolism and inflammation, providing insights into its role in various biological pathways. -
Endogenous Metabolite
p-Nitrophenyl phosphorylcholine serves as a chromogenic substrate for assessing phospholipase C (PLC) activity. The hydrolysis of this compound by PLC yields p-nitrophenol, which can be quantified spectrophotometrically at 405 nm, under optimal conditions of pH 7.2-7.5. This reagent is valuable for studies involving lipid signaling pathways and enzyme kinetics in biochemical research. -
Endogenous Metabolite
N-Decanoyl p-Nitroaniline is a substrate for fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH), enabling the quantification of this enzyme's activity. FAAH, which exhibits broad substrate specificity, hydrolyzes various fatty acid amides, including those with shorter carbon chains. Upon hydrolysis of N-Decanoyl p-Nitroaniline, the release of the chromogenic p-nitroaniline dye allows for sensitive and rapid assessment of FAAH activity via spectrophotometric analysis in a 96-well format. This compound is useful for research involving endocannabinoid signaling and metabolic regulation. -
Endogenous Metabolite
DL-Norvaline is a derivative of L-norvaline that serves as a non-competitive inhibitor of arginase. By inhibiting this enzyme, DL-Norvaline can influence the L-arginine metabolism pathway, affecting nitric oxide production and supporting various biological processes. It is utilized in research applications focused on metabolic pathways, nitric oxide synthesis, and related physiological effects. -
Human Endogenous Metabolite
Estradiol hemihydrate is a steroid hormone primarily involved in female reproductive health. It has been shown to up-regulate the expression of neural markers in human endometrial stem cells, promoting their differentiation into neural lineages. This compound is useful for research in areas such as cancer biology, neurodegenerative diseases, and neural tissue engineering.
