Catalog No.
Product Name
Application
Product Information
Citations
- Pyridoxal 5′-phosphate monohydrate is the active coenzyme form of vitamin B6 and is essential for the function of numerous enzymes. It serves as a key cofactor for aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase, which catalyzes the final step in the biosynthesis of the neurotransmitters dopamine and serotonin. Pyridoxal 5′-phosphate is the primary intracellular phosphorylated form of vitamin B6 and is interconvertible with other forms, including pyridoxine 5′-phosphate (PNP) and pyridoxamine 5′-phosphate (PMP).
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Endogenous Metabolite
ATP (Adenosine 5'-triphosphate) dimagnesium is a key molecule in cellular energy storage and metabolism. It supplies metabolic energy for ion pumps and other enzymatic processes and functions as a coenzyme in numerous cellular reactions. Additionally, ATP dimagnesium acts as an important endogenous signaling molecule involved in immune and inflammatory responses. -
5-Methyldeoxycytidine
5-Methyl-2'-deoxycytidine (5mdC) is an endogenous substrate of DNA methyltransferases, including mammalian 5-C-MTase, and binds to DNA in a manner dependent on DNA stem-loop structure formation. It directs de novo DNA methylation by serving as a methylation mark, promoting methylation of adjacent CpG sites in single-stranded DNA via cis-acting mechanisms. 5mdC regulates DNA methylation patterns by recruiting methyltransferases to specific chromatin regions, influencing chromatin condensation and gene expression. In plant cells, its distribution correlates with cell proliferation and differentiation stages, with lower methylation levels in proliferating cells and higher levels in differentiated cells. - Triolein is a symmetric triacylglycerol composed of three oleic acid molecules esterified to glycerol. It exhibits strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties and has been shown to reduce the upregulation of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1), a key enzyme involved in tissue remodeling and inflammation. These activities make triolein a compound of interest in research related to inflammatory diseases and oxidative stress.
- Enrofloxacin monohydrochloride (BAY Vp 2674 monohydrochloride) is a broad-spectrum antibiotic with demonstrated efficacy against *Mycoplasma bovis*, exhibiting a MIC₉₀ of 0.312 μg/mL. In addition to its antibacterial properties, it also shows inhibitory activity against vaccinia virus (VV), indicating potential antiviral applications.
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PAF activator
C16-PAF (PAF (C16)) is a phospholipid mediator and a potent platelet-activating factor that functions as a ligand for the PAF G-protein-coupled receptor (PAFR). It exhibits anti-apoptotic effects by inhibiting caspase-dependent cell death through PAFR activation. C16-PAF is a strong activator of the MAPK and MEK/ERK signaling pathways and is known to induce increased vascular permeability. - Gondoic acid (cis-11-Eicosenoic acid) is a monounsaturated long-chain fatty acid found in various plant oils and nuts. It exhibits anti-inflammatory activity by reducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and inhibiting the PKCθ/ERK/STAT3 signaling pathway. Gondoic acid is also utilized as a raw material in medical applications and as a moisturizing agent in cosmetic formulations.
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Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Inhibitor
Tauroursodeoxycholate (Tauroursodeoxycholic acid; TDUCA) dihydrate is an inhibitor of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress that significantly downregulates pro-apoptotic molecules, including caspase-3 and caspase-12. Additionally, it suppresses ERK signaling, contributing to its cytoprotective and anti-apoptotic effects. -
Vitamin B6 Derivative
Pyridoxal 5′-phosphate hydrate (PLP) is the biologically active form of vitamin B6 and serves as an essential cofactor for over 100 enzymatic reactions, particularly those involved in amino acid metabolism. It plays a critical role in the function of aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase, the enzyme responsible for catalyzing the final step in the synthesis of key neurotransmitters such as dopamine and serotonin. PLP is the principal coenzyme form generated through intracellular phosphorylation of vitamin B6 precursors and is interconvertible with other phosphorylated forms, including pyridoxine 5′-phosphate (PNP) and pyridoxamine 5′-phosphate (PMP). - Deltonin is a steroidal saponin isolated from *Dioscorea zingiberensis*, exhibiting notable antitumor activity. It exerts its effects by inhibiting the activation of key survival and proliferation pathways, specifically ERK1/2 and AKT signaling. Through this dual inhibition, Deltonin suppresses tumor cell growth and promotes apoptosis, making it a promising candidate for further investigation in cancer research and therapeutic development.
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Endogenous Metabolite
Gamma-linolenic acid (γ-linolenic acid, GLA) is an orally active omega-6 unsaturated fatty acid with broad pharmacological activities. It exhibits anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting the NF-κB signaling pathway and suppressing the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and JNK, key mediators of inflammatory responses. GLA also induces apoptosis in cancer cells, contributing to its anticancer potential. Additionally, it possesses antioxidant properties and has been shown to improve memory function, suggesting neuroprotective benefits. These multifunctional effects position gamma-linolenic acid as a promising compound for research in inflammation, oncology, and neurological disorders. -
Endogenous Metabolite
Triacetin (Glyceryl triacetate) is an orally active synthetic triester of glycerol and acetic acid that serves as a bioavailable source of acetate. It freely crosses the blood–brain barrier and cellular membranes, making it particularly effective in targeting central nervous system malignancies. In glioma cells, Triacetin increases intracellular acetate levels, promotes histone acetylation, and induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Additionally, Triacetin enhances the chemotherapeutic efficacy of Temozolomide (TMZ), supporting its potential as an adjuvant in glioma treatment strategies. -
Endogenous Metabolite
Ergothioneine is an endogenous metabolite that acts as a potent antioxidant. It functions primarily as a specific inhibitor of p38 MAPK and Akt, which are critical signaling pathways involved in cellular stress responses. Ergothioneine is utilized in research focused on neuroprotection, cell apoptosis, and oxidative stress, making it a valuable compound for investigations into cellular resilience and health. -
Secondary Metabolite
Atranorin is a secondary metabolite derived from lichens that acts as an AKT inhibitor. This compound demonstrates a wide range of biological activities, including antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-glycation, analgesic, and anti-tumor effects. Notably, Atranorin has IC50 values of 117 μM for scavenging DPPH free radicals and less than 10 μM for ABTS radicals, highlighting its potent antioxidant capacity. Additionally, Atranorin promotes wound healing and can be utilized in research focused on myelodysplastic syndromes, tumors, and various inflammatory conditions. -
Natural Retinoid
9-cis-Retinal is a natural retinoid that serves as a crucial signaling molecule in visual processes. It is produced from dietary 9-cis-β-carotene through enzymatic cleavage. This compound exhibits high-affinity binding to cellular retinol-binding proteins CRBP-I and CRBP-II, with dissociation constants of 8 nM and 5 nM, respectively. 9-cis-Retinal plays a significant role in promoting differentiation and maturation of rod photoreceptors in retinal organoid models, making it valuable for research in vision science and photoreceptor development. -
Human Endogenous Metabolite
Estradiol (β-Estradiol) is a steroid hormone and the major female sex hormone. Estradiol can up-regulate the expression of neural markers of human endometrial stem cells (hEnSCs) and promote their neural differentiation. Estradiol can be used for the research of cancers, neurodegenerative diseases and neural tissue engineering. -
SIRT Inhibitor
Nicotinamide is a form of vitamin B3 or niacin. Nicotinamide Hydrochloride inhibits SIRT2 activity (IC50: 2 μM). Nicotinamide also inhibits SIRT1. Nicotinamide increases cellular NAD+, ATP, ROS levels. Nicotinamide inhibits tumor growth and improves survival. Nicotinamide also has anti-HBV activity. -
Endogenous Glucocorticoids
Corticosterone (17-Deoxycortisol) is an orally active and adrenal cortex-produced glucocorticoid, which plays an important role in regulating neuronal functions of the limbic system (including hippocampus, prefrontal cortex, and amygdala). Corticosterone increases the Rab-mediated AMPAR membrane traffic via SGK-induced phosphorylation of GDI. Corticosterone also interferes with the maturation of dendritic cells and shows a good immunosuppressive effect. -
Monounsaturated Fatty Acid
Oleic acid (9-cis-Octadecenoic acid) is an abundant monounsaturated fatty acid. Oleic acid is a Na+/K+ ATPase activator. -
omega-3 Fatty Acid
Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA) is an omega-3 fatty acid abundantly present brain and retina. It can be obtained directly from fish oil and maternal milk. -
Endogenous Metabolite
ATP (Adenosine 5'-triphosphate) is a central component of energy storage and metabolism in vivo. ATP provides the metabolic energy to drive metabolic pumps and serves as a coenzyme in cells. ATP is an important endogenous signaling molecule in immunity and inflammation. ATP can activate the NLRP3 inflammasome and induce IL-1β and chemokines secretion. ATP has anti-bacterial infection effects and can protect mice against bacterial infection in mice. -
Glycosaminoglycan
Hyaluronic acid sodium, also known as sodium hyaluronate, is a glycosaminoglycan that plays a crucial role in the extracellular matrix (ECM). This biopolymer is involved in key biological activities such as cell proliferation, tissue remodeling, and angiogenesis, particularly in the context of digestive cancers. Hyaluronic acid sodium is implicated in tumor cell growth and migration, and it activates the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. This reagent can also be utilized in research related to joint diseases, wound healing, and as a drug delivery system to enhance the efficacy of therapeutics in cancer research. -
TIGIT/PVR Blocker
Liothyronine is an active form of thyroid hormone that primarily targets thyroid hormone receptors TRα and TRβ. It exhibits binding affinities of 2.33 nM and 2.29 nM for human TRα and TRβ, respectively. In addition, Liothyronine binds to PVR and effectively inhibits the interaction between TIGIT and PVR. This compound is useful in research applications related to thyroid hormone signaling and immune modulation studies. -
Endogenous Metabolite
Taurochenodeoxycholic acid is an endogenous metabolite primarily involved in bile acid metabolism. It exhibits significant biological activities, including the induction of apoptosis and anti-inflammatory effects, alongside immune regulatory properties. This compound serves as a valuable tool in research applications related to metabolic disorders, inflammation, and immune response studies. -
Endogenous Metabolite
N-Acetyl-L-tryptophan is an antagonist of the neurokinin-1 receptor (NK-1R), effectively disrupting the binding of substance P, which leads to neuroprotective outcomes. This compound is known to improve cognitive function and motor skills while also acting as an inhibitor of cytochrome c, exhibiting antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties through the regulation of IL-1β expression and caspase-1 activation. N-Acetyl-L-tryptophan is valuable for research investigating neurodegenerative and inflammatory conditions. -
Endogenous Metabolite
Phosphocreatine disodium is an endogenous metabolite primarily recognized for its involvement in energy metabolism within vertebrate skeletal muscles. This compound enhances antioxidant activity and activates the TAK1 pathway, offering cardioprotective effects. Additionally, it normalizes mitochondrial function and mitigates oxidative stress through the Akt-mediated Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway, while also providing renal protection by suppressing apoptosis and reactive oxygen species generation via the ERK-mediated Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. Phosphocreatine disodium is valuable for research investigating cellular energy dynamics and oxidative stress responses. -
Endogenous Metabolite
Creatine monohydrate, an endogenous metabolite, primarily functions as a critical regulator of cellular energy homeostasis. Its key biological activity includes the enhancement of ATP synthesis, which is essential for energy production in muscle and brain tissues. This compound is widely utilized in research related to energy metabolism, neuroprotection, and athletic performance enhancement. -
Endogenous Metabolite
Phosphocreatine dipotassium is an endogenous metabolite that serves as a critical energy reservoir in vertebrate skeletal muscles. It enhances antioxidant activity and activates the TAK1 pathway, providing cardioprotective effects. Furthermore, phosphocreatine normalizes mitochondrial function and mitigates oxidative stress via the Akt-mediated Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. It also offers renal protection by suppressing apoptosis and reactive oxygen species generation through the ERK-mediated Nrf2/HO-1 pathway, making it a valuable reagent for studies in cellular metabolism and oxidative stress. -
Endogenous Metabolite
Creosol (2-Methoxy-4-methylphenol) is an endogenous metabolite that serves as a significant chemical intermediate and a potential biofuel derived from lignocellulosic biomass. Its ability to penetrate the blood-brain barrier enhances its relevance in neurobiological research and metabolic studies. Creosol may be utilized in exploring biochemical pathways and developing greener energy alternatives, making it a valuable tool for scientific investigations in these areas. -
Endogenous Metabolite
Phosphocreatine disodium hydrate is an endogenous metabolite primarily involved in energy metabolism within vertebrate skeletal muscles. This compound enhances antioxidant activity and activates the TAK1 pathway, contributing to cardiac protection. Additionally, it normalizes mitochondrial function and mitigates oxidative stress through the Akt-mediated Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. Phosphocreatine disodium hydrate also exhibits renal protective effects by suppressing apoptosis and reactive oxygen species generation via the ERK-mediated Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. -
Endogenous Metabolite
D-Allose is an endogenous metabolite that exhibits significant antitumor activity against various cancer cell types. It functions by scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitigating oxidative stress damage. Furthermore, D-Allose demonstrates anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects through the inhibition of the TLR4/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Additionally, it possesses antihypertensive, cryoprotective, and anti-osteoporotic activities, making it a valuable candidate for diverse research applications in cancer, inflammation, and metabolic disorders. -
Endogenous Metabolite
rel-(1S,2R)-Dihydro bupropion is a metabolite of bupropion that primarily influences the immune response by promoting endogenous interleukin-10 (IL-10) production while inhibiting Th1 cytokines such as interleukin-12 (IL-12) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). This transition in immune response from Th1 to Th2 underscores its biological activity in modulating inflammatory conditions. rel-(1S,2R)-Dihydro bupropion serves as a valuable tool in research focused on understanding and addressing immune-related disorders. -
Endogenous Metabolite
Taurohyodeoxycholic acid, an endogenous metabolite and 6 alpha-hydroxylated bile acid, exhibits anti-inflammatory properties by significantly reducing colonic myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, TNF-α, IL-6 serum levels, and COX-2 expression. It has been shown to alleviate ulcerative colitis induced by trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid by modulating the balance between Th1/Th2 and Th17/Treg cells. Additionally, taurohyodeoxycholic acid improves outcomes in high-fat diet-induced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in murine models and protects against hepatotoxicity in bile fistula rats. This compound is valuable for research into nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), colitis, and biliary fistula conditions. -
Endogenous Metabolite
Lacto-N-neotetraose (LNnT) is an endogenous metabolite that plays a crucial role in modulating inflammation. It has been shown to inhibit TNF-α-induced IL-8 secretion in immature epithelial cells, highlighting its anti-inflammatory properties. LNnT is of particular interest in wound healing research, as it demonstrates the potential to enhance wound closure processes. -
Endogenous Metabolite
D-chiro-Inositol is an endogenous metabolite that plays a significant role in glucose metabolism and insulin signaling. It is known to improve insulin sensitivity, reduce hyperglycemia and serum androgen levels, and alleviate metabolic disturbances associated with conditions such as type 2 diabetes and polycystic ovary syndrome. D-chiro-Inositol also demonstrates anti-inflammatory properties by reducing pro-inflammatory factors and cytokines, making it relevant in research on liver cirrhosis and breast cancer. Its multifaceted biological activities render it a valuable reagent for studies focusing on metabolic health and related disorders. -
Endogenous Metabolite
L-Cystine dihydrochloride is the dihydrochloride salt of the endogenous metabolite L-Cystine, functioning primarily as an activator of the Nrf2 transcription factor. This compound enhances Nrf2 protein expression, leading to a reduction in reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and protection against apoptosis induced by oxidants or Doxorubicin. Additionally, L-Cystine dihydrochloride, in combination with L-theanine, promotes the production of antigen-specific IgG and modulates T helper 2 (Th2) responses by elevating glutathione (GSH) levels in murine models. It holds potential for investigating conditions such as cystinuria and the formation of kidney stones. -
Endogenous Metabolite; Nrf2 Activator; ROS Inhibitor
L-Cystine hydrochloride is an endogenous metabolite that serves as a potent Nrf2 activator and reactive oxygen species (ROS) inhibitor. It enhances Nrf2 protein expression, facilitating transcriptional responses that combat oxidative stress. Research indicates that L-Cystine hydrochloride reduces ROS generation and protects cells from apoptosis induced by oxidants or Doxorubicin. Additionally, its combination with L-theanine has been shown to boost antigen-specific IgG production by elevating glutathione levels and promoting T helper 2 (Th2) responses. This compound has significant potential for studying cystinuria and kidney stone formation. -
Endogenous Metabolite
L-Proline is an endogenous metabolite and a designated amino acid that serves as a critical building block for protein synthesis in living organisms. It plays a significant role in collagen formation, wound healing, and cellular signaling. L-Proline is commonly utilized in biochemical research to study protein conformation, metabolic pathways, and the effects of amino acid modulation on various physiological processes. -
Endogenous Metabolite
Stearic acid is a long-chain saturated fatty acid that functions as an endogenous metabolite. It has been shown to induce apoptosis in preadipocytes, resulting in a significant reduction of visceral fat. This compound is valuable for research in cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, providing insights into lipid metabolism and adipocyte function. -
Endogenous Metabolite
Sodium Demethylcantharidate is an endogenous metabolite that plays a role in various biological processes. This compound is utilized in research to study metabolic pathways and potential physiological effects. Its biological activity may provide insights into its contribution to cell signaling and metabolic regulation. -
Antifungal Metabolite
Dihydrocompactin is an antifungal metabolite that acts primarily as an inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme-A reductase (HMG-CoA reductase). This compound, derived from Penicillium citrinum, exhibits significant antifungal activity and is valuable in studying fungal infections and metabolic pathways. Dihydrocompactin may be used in research focused on the development of antifungal agents and the elucidation of HMG-CoA reductase's role in cellular processes. -
Fungal Metabolite
Gymnoascolide A is a fungal metabolite derived from M. filamentosa, recognized for its vasodilatory properties. At a concentration of 1 µM, it effectively inhibits calcium-induced contractions in isolated rat aortic rings, highlighting its potential role in vascular research. This compound may be valuable for studying mechanisms of vasodilation and the modulation of vascular tone. -
Fungal Metabolite
Tenellin is a fungal metabolite derived from Beauveria, known for its inhibitory effects on ATPase activities, specifically Mg2+, Ca2+, and Na+/K+-ATPases, in equine erythrocytes, achieving inhibition rates of 51%, 57%, and 74% at a concentration of 200 μg/mL. Additionally, Tenellin exhibits cytotoxicity against Sf9 and Sf21 insect cell lines, with CC50 values of 4.84 μM and 11.95 μM, respectively. This compound is valuable for research into fungal metabolism and its potential effects on cellular processes in insects. -
Fungal Metabolite
Glioroseinol is a fungal metabolite derived from Gliocladium, exhibiting potential bioactive properties. This compound is of interest for its role in studying fungal interactions and biological pathways. Research applications include investigations into natural products and their pharmacological effects in various biological systems. -
Endogenous Metabolite
E-α-Bisabolene is a non-cyclic sesquiterpene that serves as an endogenous metabolite within the metabolic network of Phanerochaete chrysosporium. This compound plays a critical role in the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites by white-rot fungi, thereby contributing to their ecological functions and interactions. E-α-Bisabolene is valuable for studies in fungal metabolism and can be utilized in research exploring natural product synthesis. -
Fungal Metabolite
1233B is a secondary metabolite derived from the filamentous fungus Fusarium sp. RK97-94. This compound exhibits significant antifungal activity, making it a valuable reagent for studying fungal biology and the development of antifungal therapies. Researchers can utilize 1233B in various applications, including pharmacological screening and the investigation of fungal resistance mechanisms. -
Fungal Metabolite
Trichodecenin II is a fungal metabolite derived from the conidia of the fungus Trichoderma viride. This compound exhibits significant biological activity that may play a role in fungal development and physiology. It is primarily utilized in research applications aimed at understanding fungal metabolism and interactions, making it a valuable tool in mycological studies. -
Endogenous Metabolite
Deacetylsclerotiorin is an endogenous metabolite derived from chloramphenicol, sourced from the fungus Bartalinia robillardoides strain LF550. This compound demonstrates significant antifungal activity, effectively inhibiting Candida albicans (IC50=24 μM), Trichophyton rubrum (IC50=2.83 μM), and Septoria tritici (IC50=7.45 μM). Furthermore, Deacetylsclerotiorin inhibits phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) with an IC50 of 2.8 μM, highlighting its potential utility in enzyme inhibition studies and antifungal research applications. -
Fungal Metabolite
Heveadride is a fungal metabolite that functions as an antifungal agent. It exhibits activity against a range of filamentous fungi as well as certain human pathogenic yeasts. Additionally, Heveadride has been shown to induce down-regulation of TNFα-induced NF-κB activity in human chronic myeloid leukemia cells, with an IC50 of 82.7 μM, making it a valuable tool for research in antifungal treatments and cancer biology.
