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Brassinosteroid
24-Epicastasterone is a bioactive brassinosteroid that functions as a ligand for the ABCB1 and ABCB19 transporters in Arabidopsis thaliana. Its primary mechanisms include stimulating ATPase activity in ABCB19 and promoting ATP hydrolysis in ABCB1, facilitating the efflux of compounds from plant cells. Additionally, 24-Epicastasterone enhances the activities of catalase and guaiacol peroxidase in wheat roots, thereby mitigating heat-induced lipid peroxidation and improving heat tolerance in common wheat seedlings. This compound is valuable for research into plant stress responses and hormonal signaling pathways. -
Drug Derivative
Flumethrin is a synthetic pyrethroid insecticide that acts primarily by modulating sodium channels in the nervous system of insects, leading to paralysis and death. This compound exhibits potent insecticidal activity against a wide range of pests, making it valuable in agricultural and veterinary applications. Flumethrin is primarily utilized in research settings to study insect behavior, insecticide resistance, and neurological pathways relevant to pest control strategies. -
Drug Derivative
N-Acetyl-3,4-MDMC is a drug derivative structurally related to 3,4-methylenedioxymethcathinone. This compound has been investigated for its psychoactive properties and potential interactions with monoamine transporters, particularly serotonin and dopamine receptors. Research applications include studies on its effects on neural activity and behavioral responses in various models of neurotransmission. -
Tocainid Analog
2-Amino-N-phenylpropanamide hydrochloride is an analog of Tocainid, an antiarrhythmic agent that modulates cardiac sodium channels. This compound exhibits potential in cardiac research by influencing ion channel function and demonstrating effects on arrhythmia management. It serves as a valuable tool for studies related to cardiovascular pharmacology and the development of novel antiarrhythmic therapies. -
Drug Derivative
3-Bromomethcathinone hydrochloride is a drug derivative targeting monoamine transporters. It exhibits stimulant properties and has been studied for its effects on catecholamine and serotonin release. This compound is utilized in research related to neuropharmacology and the exploration of synthetic cathinones. -
Dehydro Amlodipine Derivatives
Dehydro amlodipine fumarate is a derivative of dehydro amlodipine, primarily formed through the forced degradation of dehydro amlodipine under oxidative and acidic conditions. This compound is utilized in chemical research to study the stability and degradation pathways of dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers. It serves as a crucial intermediate in understanding the pharmacological properties and metabolic fate of calcium channel antagonists in various biological systems. -
Drug Derivative
Leucinocaine is a drug derivative that acts as a local anesthetic by inhibiting sodium channel activity, thereby blocking nerve impulse conduction. Its primary biological activity involves pain relief in localized areas, making it useful for various clinical and research applications in pain management and anesthetic studies. This compound can also serve as a valuable tool in neuropharmacological research and the development of new analgesic agents. -
Neuroactive Compound
Para-fluoro methylaminorex is a neuroactive compound that primarily interacts with monoamine transporters. This compound exhibits stimulant properties and has been utilized in research to explore mechanisms underlying neuropharmacology and psychoactive effects. Its unique structure allows for the investigation of its impact on neurotransmitter systems, contributing to the understanding of CNS function and disorder. -
Benzylamine
N-Methyl-1-phenylpropan-1-amine hydrochloride is a benzylamine derivative that primarily acts as a monoamine transporter inhibitor. This compound exhibits significant biological activity by modulating neurotransmitter levels, making it useful in studies related to neuropharmacology and behavioral research. It serves as a valuable tool for investigating the mechanisms of action in various neurological disorders. -
3,4-MDMA Metabolite
3,4-DHMA TFA (3,4-Dihydroxymethamphetamine) is an active metabolite of 3,4-MDMA, primarily targeting monoamine transporters. This compound exhibits potential biological activity in modulating neurotransmitter levels, contributing to the understanding of its psychoactive effects. It is commonly used in research to study the metabolic pathways and neuropharmacology associated with MDMA. -
Drug Derivative
Doramectin aglycone is a drug derivative with potent antiparasitic activity. Primarily targeting glutamate-gated chloride channels, it exhibits effectiveness against a variety of parasites, making it valuable in veterinary medicine and research into antiparasitic drug development. Its biological activity supports studies on mechanisms of action within the context of parasitic infections and resistance. -
Drug Derivative
(R)-Norverapamil is a pharmacologically active derivative of verapamil, primarily targeting L-type calcium channels. It exhibits significant cardiovascular effects, including the modulation of heart rate and contractility. This compound is commonly utilized in research focused on cardiac pharmacology, calcium channel modulation, and the investigation of cardiovascular diseases. -
α-PVP Analog
α-Dimethylaminopentiophenone hydrochloride is an analog of α-Pyrrolidinopentiophenone (α-PVP), characterized by the substitution of a dimethylamino group in place of the pyrrolidine moiety. This compound exhibits stimulant properties and has been used in research to investigate its effects on monoamine transporters, contributing to the understanding of its neuropharmacological profile. Its utility in exploring mechanisms underlying addiction and substance use disorders makes it a valuable tool for scientific studies in pharmacology and toxicology. -
Biochemical Reagent
Glycopyramide is a sulfonylurea compound that primarily targets and inhibits the ATP-sensitive potassium channels in pancreatic beta cells. This inhibition promotes insulin secretion, making it relevant in the study of diabetes and glucose metabolism. It can be utilized in biochemical research to explore mechanisms of insulin release and the regulation of blood glucose levels. -
Biochemical Assay Reagents
Lifarizine is an organic compound that targets histamine H1 receptors and calcium channels, playing a role in modulating neurotransmitter release. Its primary applications in biochemical assays include studying cellular signaling pathways and exploring the pharmacological effects of antihistamines. Lifarizine is valuable in life science research for investigating potential therapeutic effects and mechanisms of action in various biological contexts. -
Reserpine Analog
Bishomoreserpine is a reserpine analog that acts primarily as a monoamine transporter inhibitor. It exhibits significant inhibitory activity, impacting neurotransmitter uptake and revealing potential roles in studying neuropharmacology. This compound is useful in research aimed at understanding the mechanisms of neurotransmitter regulation and developing therapeutic strategies for related disorders. -
Stable Isotope
rac Felodipine-(Methoxy-d3) is a deuterium-labeled analog of rac Felodipine, a potent calcium channel blocker that primarily targets L-type calcium channels. This stable isotope variant is useful for pharmacokinetic studies, metabolic tracing, and isotopic labeling in drug development research. Its deuterium labeling enhances the analytical sensitivity and specificity in mass spectrometry applications, facilitating the investigation of drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) profiles. -
Stable Isotope
Zonisamide-13C2,15N is a deuterated derivative of Zonisamide, designed to serve as a stable isotope for various research applications. Its primary mechanism targets multiple neuronal pathways, primarily focusing on inhibiting voltage-gated sodium channels and modulating neurotransmitter release. This stable isotope variant is invaluable in pharmacokinetic studies, metabolic labeling, and tracer applications, enabling enhanced tracking of Zonisamide in biological systems. -
Isotope-Labeled Compound
Dibucaine-d9 is a deuterium-labeled derivative of dibucaine, a potent sodium channel inhibitor. It serves as a selective inhibitor of pseudocholinesterase (SChE), making it valuable for studying cholinergic signaling. This isotope-labeled compound is particularly useful in pharmacokinetic studies and metabolic profiling, providing insights into drug metabolism and safety evaluation in chemical research. -
Stable Isotope
Atomoxetine-d5 is a deuterium-labeled derivative of Atomoxetine, a selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor that demonstrates Ki values of 5, 77, and 1451 nM for norepinephrine (NE), serotonin (5-HT), and dopamine (DA) transporters, respectively. This compound enhances catecholaminergic neurotransmission and increases DAEX and NEEX levels in the prefrontal cortex (PFC). Atomoxetine-d5 is valuable for research applications related to attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and the study of sodium channel (VGSC) modulation. -
Stable Isotope
cis-Dihydro Tetrabenazine-d7 is a deuterium-labeled analog of cis-Dihydro Tetrabenazine, primarily utilized as a stable isotope in research applications. Its incorporation of deuterium enhances the precision of metabolic studies and pharmacokinetic analyses. This reagent is valuable in the investigation of vesicular monoamine transporters and can aid in the understanding of neurological disorders where dopaminergic signaling is implicated. -
Cypermethrin Isomer
(1R,2S,1'R)-Cypermethrin is a specific isomer of the pyrethroid pesticide Cypermethrin, classified as Class II due to its moderate toxicity. This compound exhibits significant neurotoxic activity by interacting with voltage-gated sodium channels, leading to prolonged neuronal depolarization. (1R,2S,1'R)-Cypermethrin is primarily employed in research focusing on its effects on nervous system function and insecticidal action. Its ability to cross the blood-brain barrier allows for studies on its impact on both invertebrate and vertebrate models. -
Isotope-Labeled Compounds
Cilnidipine-d3 is a deuterium-labeled derivative of Cilnidipine, primarily acting as a calcium channel blocker. This isotope-labeled compound is valuable for research applications involving pharmacokinetic studies and metabolic profiling. Its use enhances the understanding of Cilnidipine's pharmacological effects and its interactions within biological systems. -
Stable Isotope
Pantoprazole-d4 is a deuterated derivative of Pantoprazole, a potent proton pump inhibitor that targets the H+/K+-ATPase enzyme with an IC50 of 6.8 μM. This stable isotope is utilized primarily in pharmacokinetic studies and metabolic research to enhance the accuracy of drug absorption and distribution analysis. Pantoprazole exhibits anti-secretory and anti-ulcer properties, while its combination with Doxorubicin has been shown to significantly increase tumor growth delay, underscoring its potential utility in cancer research. -
Stable Isotope
Cinnarizine-d8 dihydrochloride is a deuterium-labeled form of the calcium channel blocker Cinnarizine. This stable isotope compound allows for precise tracking and analysis in pharmacokinetic studies. It is primarily utilized in research applications involving metabolic studies and the investigation of drug interactions, enhancing the understanding of pharmacological mechanisms. -
Isotope-Labeled Compounds
Digitoxin-d3 is a deuterated derivative of digitoxin, a cardiac glycoside that primarily targets the Na+/K+ ATPase enzyme, enhancing intracellular calcium levels and improving myocardial contractility. This isotope-labeled compound is utilized in pharmacokinetic studies, providing insights into the metabolism and distribution of digitoxin in biological systems. It serves as a valuable tool for researchers examining heart function and the therapeutic mechanisms of cardiac glycosides. -
Calcium Channel Blocker
Verapamil-d6 hydrochloride is a deuterated derivative of Verapamil, a selective calcium channel blocker. It exhibits potent inhibition of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and CYP3A4, making it valuable in cardiovascular research, particularly for conditions such as hypertension, arrhythmias, and angina. This isotopically labeled compound aids in pharmacokinetic studies and offers insights into drug metabolism and transport mechanisms. -
Stable Isotope
N-Desalkylflurazepam-d4 is a deuterated analog of N-Desalkylflurazepam, a long-acting metabolite of benzodiazepine compounds, including Flurazepam. This stable isotope is primarily used for research applications involving metabolic studies and pharmacokinetics of benzodiazepines. N-Desalkylflurazepam exhibits inhibitory effects on L-type voltage-gated calcium channels, with reported IC50 values of 55 μM for Cav1.2 and 37 μM for Cav1.3, making it a valuable tool for investigating calcium channel modulation in various biological contexts. -
Stable Isotope
Nifedipine dehydro nitroso-d6 is a deuterium-labeled derivative of Nifedipine dehydro nitroso, primarily utilized as a stable isotope. This compound plays a crucial role in the study of pharmacokinetics and metabolic pathways of calcium channel blockers. Its isotopic labeling facilitates advanced analytical techniques such as mass spectrometry in chemical research applications. -
Stable Isotope
Cyhalothrin-d5 is a deuterated version of Cyhalothrin, a synthetic pyrethroid insecticide that primarily targets voltage-gated sodium channels in insect nerves. This stable isotope is essential for chemical research and environmental studies, particularly in trace analysis and bioaccumulation studies of pesticides. Cyhalothrin-d5 allows for precise quantification in analytical applications, enhancing the understanding of pest management and its ecological impacts. -
Stable Isotope
Desacetyl Diltiazem-d3 is a deuterium-labeled derivative of Desacetyl Diltiazem, designed to serve as a stable isotope standard in analytical applications. This compound can be employed in pharmacokinetic studies and metabolic labeling to trace drug interactions and bioavailability. Its precise labeling enhances accuracy in mass spectrometry and other analytical techniques, making it an invaluable tool for researchers investigating calcium channel blocking activities and cardiovascular-related pharmacology. -
Stable Isotope
2-[(2-Azidoethoxy-d4)methyl]-4-(2-chlorophenyl)-3-ethoxycarbonyl-5-methoxycarbonyl-6-methyl-1,4-dihydropyridine is a deuterium-labeled compound that targets dihydropyridine receptors. This stable isotope variant is significant in researching the pharmacokinetics and metabolic pathways of dihydropyridine derivatives. It is particularly valuable in studies involving the pharmacological effects and interactions of calcium channel blockers, facilitating advanced analysis in medicinal chemistry and drug development. -
Stable Isotope
Norquetiapine-d8 is a stable isotope labeled version of Norquetiapine, which acts as a selective inhibitor of HCN1 channels with an IC50 of 13.9 μM. This compound effectively inhibits noradrenaline reuptake and serves as a partial agonist at the 5-HT1A receptor (Ki = 45 nM), while also antagonizing presynaptic α2 (Ki = 237 nM), 5-HT2C (Ki = 107 nM), and 5-HT7 (Ki = 76 nM) receptors. Furthermore, Norquetiapine exhibits state-dependent blockade of the human cardiac sodium channel Nav1.5 and demonstrates partial anti-inflammatory activity in LPS-injected C57BL/6 mice, making it useful for research on depression and inflammation. -
Stable Isotope
Cyclopiazonic acid-13C20 is a stable isotope-labeled derivative of Cyclopiazonic acid, a selective inhibitor of endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPases (ECAs) and has demonstrated efficacy against human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) with an EC50 value of 4.13 μM. This compound is shown to inhibit the antagonistic effects of serotonin receptors in rat thoracic aorta, induce p53-dependent apoptosis, and exhibit reproductive toxicity in mouse testes, as well as inhibit the biological activation of aflatoxin B. Cyclopiazonic acid-13C20 is valuable for research applications in calcium signaling, viral infections, and toxicology studies. -
Insecticide
Fenpropathrin is a synthetic pyrethroid insecticide that primarily targets insect sodium channels, resulting in prolonged depolarization and subsequent paralysis of pests. This compound demonstrates significant insecticidal activity, effectively controlling a variety of agricultural pests. Additionally, research indicates that Fenpropathrin exposure may be linked to the development of parkinsonian symptoms, making it a subject of interest in neurotoxicology studies. Its utility in both agricultural and biomedical research applications highlights its importance in understanding insecticide mechanisms and potential health impacts. -
Fenvalerate Isomer
Esfenvalerate is a synthetic pyrethroid insecticide, specifically targeting the fenvalerate isomer. It exhibits neurotoxic activity in insects by interfering with sodium channel function, leading to paralysis and death. This makes Esfenvalerate valuable in agricultural research for pest management and studying the mechanisms of insecticide resistance in pest populations. -
Pesticide
Alpha-Cypermethrin is a synthetic pyrethroid insecticide primarily targeting voltage-gated sodium channels in insect membranes. It exhibits potent activity against various arthropods, including house flies, making it a valuable tool in agricultural and pest control research. Its efficacy and mode of action facilitate studies on insect resistance, behavioral responses, and integrated pest management strategies. -
Pyrethroid Compound
(+)-trans-Permethrin is a pyrethroid compound that acts on voltage-gated sodium channels in insect neurons, disrupting nerve signal transmission. This synthetic derivative of natural pyrethrins, found in Chrysanthemum species, exhibits potent insecticidal activity. Its applications include entomological research, pest control studies, and investigations into insect resistance mechanisms. -
Pesticide
(-)-cis-Permethrin is a pyrethroid insecticide known for its neurotoxic action on insects. It primarily targets voltage-gated sodium channels, leading to paralysis and death in a variety of pest species. This compound is commonly utilized in agricultural and urban pest management applications, offering effective control against numerous insect infestations. -
Pyrethroid
(-)-trans-Permethrin is a pyrethroid insecticide targeting sodium channels in nerve cells, resulting in prolonged neurotoxicity to pests. It is effective in providing protection against various insects, including black flies, in agricultural settings. This compound is widely used in studies related to insect control and pest management in livestock. -
Insecticide
τ-Fluvalinate is an insecticide primarily targeting the nervous system of pests. It selectively binds to the open state of voltage-dependent sodium channels, specifically Varroa destructor (VdNaV1) and Apis mellifera (AmNaV1), exhibiting EC50 values of 160 nM and 60 nM, respectively. Its higher affinity for AmNaV1 results in sublethal toxicity to honeybees, making τ-Fluvalinate a valuable tool for investigating Varroa destructor infestations in honeybee colonies and studying the impacts of insecticides on non-target species. -
Insecticide
Tralomethrin is a synthetic pyrethroid insecticide that acts on the nervous system of insects by inhibiting sodium channels, resulting in paralysis and death. It is effective against a variety of agricultural and public health pests, making it valuable for integrated pest management practices. Research applications include evaluating its efficacy in pest control, investigating potential environmental impacts, and studying resistance mechanisms in target insect populations. -
Insecticide
Cyhalothrin is a synthetic pyrethroid insecticide designed to disrupt the function of sodium channels in insect nerve cells. It exhibits potent insecticidal activity against a broad spectrum of pests while maintaining low toxicity to mammals. This compound is widely used in agricultural and vector control applications, making it essential for studies related to pest management and the development of sustainable agricultural practices. -
Pyrethroid Insecticide
Cismethrin is a pyrethroid insecticide that targets sodium channels in the nervous system, inducing neurotoxicity through Type I effects. This compound effectively disrupts neuronal signaling in insects, leading to paralysis and death. Cismethrin is utilized in entomological research and pest control studies to understand insecticide mechanisms and resistance. -
Insecticide
(Rac)-Bifenthrin is a pyrethroid insecticide that targets the nervous system of insects by modulating the function of sodium channels. It exhibits potent insecticidal activity against a wide range of pests, making it effective for use in both urban and agricultural environments. Its mechanism of action leads to paralysis and death in targeted insect populations, facilitating its application in pest management and control strategies. -
Insecticide
Tetrachlorantraniliprole is an anthranilic diamide insecticide that targets insect ryanodine receptors, leading to disruption of calcium channels and subsequent muscle paralysis. This compound exhibits significant insecticidal activity against a range of agricultural pests, making it valuable for crop protection research. Its mechanism of action provides insight into the development of novel pest control strategies that minimize environmental impact. -
Stable Isotope
Barnidipine-d5 is a deuterium-labeled analog of Barnidipine, functioning as an L-type calcium antagonist with a strong affinity for [3H] initrendipine binding sites (Ki = 0.21 nmol/l). This compound exhibits selective action on calcium antagonist receptors and serves as an effective antihypertensive agent, primarily reducing peripheral vascular resistance through its vasodilatory effects. Barnidipine-d5 is suitable for research applications focused on cardiovascular pharmacology and calcium channel modulation. -
Pregabalin Impurity
Pregabalin lactam is an impurity of Pregabalin, a compound primarily targeting calcium channels. This metabolite is often utilized in quality control and analytical studies of Pregabalin formulations. Its presence in research can provide insights into compound stability and purity, contributing to a better understanding of Pregabalin's pharmacological profile. -
Drug Impurity
Flecainide Impurity 3 is a known impurity of the antiarrhythmic agent Flecainide, which primarily targets sodium channels to exert its pharmacological effects. This compound is crucial for quality control in the pharmaceutical industry, allowing researchers to assess the purity and stability of Flecainide formulations. Its identification and quantification are essential for ensuring compliance with regulatory standards in drug development and manufacturing. -
Pantoprazole Impurity
Pantoprazole N-oxide is a known impurity associated with the synthesis of Pantoprazole, a proton pump inhibitor (PPI) utilized in the treatment of conditions linked to excessive gastric acid, including gastric ulcers and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). This compound is valuable for analytical research and quality control processes, aiding in the characterization and assessment of Pantoprazole formulations. Its presence in pharmaceutical development highlights the importance of monitoring impurities to ensure product safety and efficacy.

