Immunology & Inflammation

Items 3201-3250 of 3399

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  1. NF-κB Inhibitor

    NF-κB-IN-4 is a potent inhibitor of the NF-κB signaling pathway, demonstrating significant blood-brain barrier permeability. This compound exhibits anti-neuroinflammatory activity through its ability to block the phosphorylation and activation of IκBα, thereby reducing NLRP3 expression and inhibiting NF-κB activation. NF-κB-IN-4 is suitable for research applications related to neuroinflammatory diseases, providing a valuable tool for therapeutic investigations.
  2. Anti-inflammatory Agent

    Anti-inflammatory Agent 51 is an amide/sulfonamide derivative that functions primarily as an anti-inflammatory agent. This compound effectively inhibits the activation of NF-κB, making it a valuable tool for research into conditions such as acute lung injury and ulcerative colitis. Its ability to modulate inflammatory pathways positions it as a significant reagent for studying inflammatory diseases and therapeutic interventions.
  3. Anti-inflammatory Agent

    Ageconyflavone B is a flavonoid that functions as an anti-inflammatory agent. It effectively reduces inflammation through the inhibition of IκBα phosphorylation, thereby modulating the NF-κB signaling pathway. This compound is relevant for research applications focused on inflammatory diseases and the underlying molecular mechanisms of inflammation.
  4. Anti-inflammatory Agent

    BS-153 is a synthetic oxazolidinone compound that functions as an anti-inflammatory agent by inhibiting the activation of the NF-κB/PKCθ signaling pathway. It effectively reduces the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), as well as pro-inflammatory cytokines including TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6, in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophage cells. This reagent is suitable for research applications focused on inflammation and immune response modulation.
  5. Anti-Inflammatory Agent

    8α-Hydroxyhirsutinolide is a sesquiterpene lactone that acts as an anti-inflammatory agent by inhibiting TNF-α-induced NF-κB activity with an IC50 of 1.9 μM. Additionally, it reduces nitric oxide production, indicating a potential role in modulating inflammatory pathways. This compound can be isolated from the plant Vernonia cinerea and is useful for research in inflammation and related cellular signaling mechanisms.
  6. Anti-Inflammatory Agent

    Goshonoside F5 is an anti-inflammatory agent derived from the unripe fruits of Rubus chingii. It demonstrates significant anti-inflammatory activity by inhibiting the NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways. This compound is relevant for research applications focusing on inflammation-related conditions and the underlying molecular mechanisms.
  7. Anti-inflammatory Agent

    Catalposide is an iridoid glycoside derived from Catalpa ovata G. Don (Bignoniaceae) that acts as an anti-inflammatory agent. It effectively inhibits the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6, as well as the activation of NF-κB (p65) in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. This compound is valuable for research in inflammatory pathways and potential therapeutic interventions in inflammatory diseases.
  8. Anti-Inflammatory Agent

    Catalpalactone is an anti-inflammatory agent that functions by inhibiting LPS-induced nitric oxide production and the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in RAW264.7 macrophage cells. Additionally, it suppresses the activation of key signaling pathways, including IRF3, NF-κB, and IFN-β/STAT-1. Furthermore, Catalpalactone demonstrates the ability to reduce dopamine biosynthesis through the inhibition of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase (AADC) activities, making it valuable for investigations into inflammatory processes and neurochemical pathways.
  9. Anti-inflammatory Agent

    Se-Aspirin is a hybrid compound combining selenium with aspirin, primarily functioning as an anti-inflammatory agent. It exhibits significant biological activity by reducing the viability of various cancer cell lines, with notable efficacy against colorectal cancer cells. This compound is valuable for research applications targeting inflammation-related pathways and cancer therapeutics.
  10. Anti-neuroinflammatory Agent

    Neuroinflammatory-IN-2 is a potent anti-neuroinflammatory agent that targets MAO-B with an IC50 value of 10.30 μM. It demonstrates significant inhibition of Aβ1-42 aggregation, achieving 96.33% reduction at a concentration of 25 μM. Additionally, Neuroinflammatory-IN-2 provides neuroprotective effects in H2O2-induced PC-12 cell injury and exhibits biometal chelating and antioxidant properties. With favorable blood-brain barrier permeability, this compound is suitable for research applications related to Alzheimer’s disease and neuroinflammatory conditions.
  11. Anti-inflammatory Agent

    Manghaslin is a flavonoid glycoside that serves as an anti-inflammatory agent. It exhibits inhibitory activity against acetylcholinesterase (AChE), with an IC50 value of 94.92 μM. This compound is relevant for research into the modulation of inflammation and potential neuroprotective effects.
  12. BChE Inhibitor

    S21-1011 is a selective inhibitor of butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) with IC50 values of 0.059 μM for equine BChE and 0.162 μM for human BChE. This compound demonstrates effective blood-brain barrier permeability and favorable pharmacokinetic properties. Additionally, S21-1011 exhibits anti-inflammatory activity by activating the keap1-Nrf2-ARE signaling pathway, with an EC50 of 23.48 μM for antioxidant response element activation. Its potential to ameliorate cognitive impairments in murine models of Alzheimer’s disease makes it relevant for neurodegenerative research applications.
  13. AChE/Nrf2 Modulator

    AChE/Nrf2 Modulator 1 is an orally active compound that targets both acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2). It exhibits significant Nrf2 inductive activity along with potent AChE inhibitory effects, presenting IC50 values of 0.07 μM for eel AChE and 0.38 μM for human AChE. This compound is primarily utilized in research focused on Alzheimer's disease, providing insights into neuroprotective mechanisms and cholinergic system modulation.
  14. ACOX1 Inhibitor

    10,12-Tricosadiynoic acid is a selective and potent inhibitor of acyl-CoA oxidase-1 (ACOX1). It demonstrates significant potential in addressing metabolic disorders induced by high-fat diets or obesity by enhancing mitochondrial lipid metabolism and modulating reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. Additionally, this compound serves as a versatile click chemistry reagent, featuring an alkyne group that facilitates copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAc) with azide-containing molecules, making it valuable for various biochemical applications.
  15. P2X4 Inhibitor

    NP-1815-PX sodium is a selective inhibitor targeting the P2X4 receptor, exhibiting an IC50 of 0.26 μM against human P2X4 receptors. This compound effectively inhibits ATP-mediated prostaglandin production and attenuates TP receptor-induced calcium elevation, as well as NLRP3 inflammasome signaling. Notably, NP-1815-PX sodium demonstrates anti-allodynic effects in vivo and alleviates DNBS-induced colitis symptoms, including weight loss and tissue damage, through the downregulation of IL-1β levels and Caspase-1 activity. This reagent is applicable in research areas such as asthma and inflammatory bowel disease.
  16. TASK-3 Agonist/TWIK2 Blocker

    NPBA is a potassium K2P channel TASK-3 (KCNK9) agonist and TWIK2 (KCNK1) channel blocker. This compound plays a crucial role in inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation in macrophages, making it valuable for research into inflammatory pathways and potassium channel function. Its unique mechanism provides insights into potential therapeutic applications in inflammatory diseases.
  17. E3 Ligase Ligand-Linker Conjugate

    Thalidomide-PEG3-amide-C2-COOH is an E3 ligase ligand-linker conjugate designed for the synthesis of proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTACs). This compound enables the targeted degradation of proteins via the recruitment of E3 ligases, presenting significant potential for therapeutic applications in oncology and other areas of drug discovery. It serves as a building block for the creation of innovative PROTACs, such as BCL6 PROTAC 1, facilitating advancements in protein modulation research.
  18. E3 Ligase Ligand-Linker Conjugate

    Thalidomide-NH-C4-Boc is a conjugate that targets the E3 ligase Cereblon through an innovative linker. This compound facilitates the synthesis of PROTAC CARM1/IKZF3 degrader-1, enabling targeted protein degradation studies. Its primary application lies in the development of novel therapeutics and novel molecular probes in cellular research.
  19. Anti-inflammatory Compound

    Cuminaldehyde, a primary component of Cuminum cyminum, is recognized for its anti-inflammatory properties. This compound exhibits various biological activities, including inhibition of aldose reductase (IC50 = 0.00085 mg/mL), α-glucosidase (IC50 = 0.5 mg/mL), and lipoxygenase (IC50 = 1370 μM). Additionally, cuminaldehyde inhibits the fibrillation and aggregation of α-synuclein, indicating its potential application in the study of neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, diabetes, and neuropathic pain disorders.
  20. Antioxidant/Anti-Inflammatory Agent

    PQM-164 is an antioxidant agent that targets oxidative stress by exhibiting potent radical scavenging activity (IC50: 0.93 μM for DPPH radical). It demonstrates anti-inflammatory effects by mitigating neuronal damage induced by 6-OHDA in activated microglial cells, and it reduces α-synuclein accumulation. Additionally, PQM-164 promotes the nuclear translocation and transcriptional activity of Nrf2. This compound serves as a valuable tool for research into neurodegenerative conditions such as Parkinson’s disease.
  21. NRF2 Glue Degrader

    VVD-130037 is a covalent molecular glue and allosteric degrader of NRF2, targeting the KEAP1 protein. By binding to KEAP1, it enhances the formation of the KEAP1-CUL3 E3 ligase complex, leading to increased ubiquitination and subsequent degradation of NRF2. This compound demonstrates KEAP1 target-binding activity in both in vitro assays and mouse models, making it a useful tool in research involving NRF2-dependent cancers, solid tumors with KEAP1 mutations, and advanced solid tumors.
  22. PGK1 Inhibitor

    CBR-470-1 is a selective inhibitor of phosphoglycerate kinase 1 (PGK1), a key enzyme in the glycolytic pathway. This compound also acts as a non-covalent activator of Nrf2, enhancing the cellular defense mechanisms against oxidative stress. In cellular models, CBR-470-1 has demonstrated protective effects against MPP+-induced cytotoxicity in SH-SY5Y neuronal cells by activating the Keap1-Nrf2 signaling pathway. This dual functionality makes CBR-470-1 a valuable tool for research in metabolic regulation and neuroprotection.
  23. Perfume Analogue

    Safranal, the primary aromatic compound derived from Saffron (Crocus sativus), serves as a key target for research involving its neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory properties. Its potential applications in the study of neurodegenerative diseases, particularly Parkinson's disease, make it a valuable reagent for chemical research. Safranal's unique characteristics also support investigations into its effects on sensory perception and mood enhancement.
  24. Nrf2 Activator

    Nrf2 activator-2 (compound O15) is a potent Nrf2 agonist that functions by disrupting the interaction between Keap1 and Nrf2, thereby promoting Nrf2 activation. With an EC50 of 2.9 μM in 293 T cells, this compound significantly reduces the levels of ubiquitinated Nrf2, enhancing its stability and nuclear translocation. Nrf2 activator-2 is valuable in studies exploring oxidative stress response, cellular defense mechanisms, and potential therapeutic applications in diseases associated with Nrf2 dysregulation.
  25. Keap1-Nrf2 Activator

    Dibenzoylmethane is a potent activator of the Keap1-Nrf2 pathway. By promoting the dissociation of Nrf2 from Keap1, it facilitates the nuclear translocation of Nrf2, leading to enhanced expression of antioxidant and cytoprotective genes. This compound has potential applications in cancer prevention research and studies focused on mitigating oxidative stress.
  26. NRF2/ATF4 Activator

    I-152 is a bifunctional conjugate designed as an NRF2 and ATF4 activator. This compound enhances cellular antioxidant responses and promotes cytoprotective signaling pathways. Additionally, I-152 exhibits anti-proliferative properties, making it a valuable tool for research in cancer biology and oxidative stress studies.
  27. Nrf2 Activator

    DDO-7263 is a potent activator of Nrf2, functioning primarily through its binding to Rpn6, which inhibits the assembly of the 26S proteasome and prevents the degradation of ubiquitinated Nrf2. This results in the translocation of Nrf2 into the nucleus, thereby enhancing its transcriptional activity. Additionally, DDO-7263 has been shown to inhibit the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome, demonstrating significant anti-inflammatory properties. It holds promise for research applications in neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson's disease.
  28. Nrf2 Activator

    Eriodictyol-7-O-glucoside is a flavonoid that functions as an Nrf2 activator. It demonstrates potent scavenging activity against hydroxyl radicals and superoxide anions, with IC50 values of 0.28 mM and 0.30 mM, respectively. This compound enhances the nuclear localization of Nrf2, leading to the induction of Nrf2/ARE-dependent gene expression. Eriodictyol-7-O-glucoside offers protective effects against oxidative stress induced by oxygen and glucose deprivation, and exhibits neuroprotective properties in models of focal cerebral ischemia. It is valuable for research in stroke and neuroprotection studies.
  29. NRF2 Activator

    Monoethyl fumarate is the monoethyl ester of fumaric acid and serves as an activator of the Nrf2 pathway. This compound exhibits significant potential for antioxidant activity and may play a crucial role in cellular defense mechanisms. Its applications extend to research involving neuroprotection and inflammation modulation, as well as in the exploration of therapeutic strategies for various diseases. Additionally, monoethyl fumarate is utilized as a preservative and polymerization agent for macromolecular materials.
  30. Keap1-Nrf2 PPI Inhibitor

    NXPZ-2 is an orally active inhibitor of the Keap1-Nrf2 protein-protein interaction with a Ki value of 95 nM and EC50 values of 120 and 170 nM. It has demonstrated the ability to dose-dependently mitigate Aβ[1-42]-induced cognitive dysfunction and improve brain tissue pathology in Alzheimer's disease models by enhancing neuronal quantity and function. NXPZ-2 functions by inhibiting oxidative stress through increased expression of Nrf2 and promoting its translocation from the cytoplasm to the nucleus, supporting research into Keap1-Nrf2 interactions and Alzheimer’s disease.
  31. Anticancer/Anti-inflammatory Agent

    Antroquinonol, a ubiquinone derivative derived from the mushroom Antrodia camphorata, demonstrates notable anticancer and anti-inflammatory properties. This compound is primarily studied for its potential in colon cancer research due to its ability to reduce oxidative stress by activating the Nrf2 signaling pathway. Additionally, Antroquinonol has shown efficacy in inhibiting inflammation and sclerosis in models of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis.
  32. Nrf2 Activator

    Nrf2 activator-3 is a potent activator of the NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway. This compound enhances antioxidant response element (ARE) transcriptional activity, promoting the expression of various cytoprotective genes. Nrf2 activator-3 is primarily utilized in research focusing on cerebral ischemic injury, where it may help elucidate mechanisms of neuroprotection and potential therapeutic strategies.
  33. NRF2 Activator

    CBR-470-2 is a glycine-substituted analog that functions as an NRF2 activator. This compound significantly enhances NRF2 signaling pathways, making it a valuable tool for research into metabolic modulation, particularly glycolysis. Its ability to influence key cellular processes positions CBR-470-2 as an important reagent for exploring the roles of oxidative stress and inflammation in various biological systems.
  34. Keap1-Nrf2 PPI Inhibitor

    Keap1-Nrf2-IN-13 is a potent inhibitor of the Keap1-Nrf2 protein-protein interaction (PPI), exhibiting an IC50 of 0.15 μM. This compound effectively disrupts the binding of Keap1 to Nrf2 by establishing hydrogen bonds with critical polar residues such as Asn414, Arg415, Arg483, and Gln530. Keap1-Nrf2-IN-13 is valuable for research focused on oxidative stress-related conditions and inflammatory diseases, including pulmonary fibrosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and various cancers.
  35. Keap1-Nrf2 Inhibitor

    Toralactone is a selective inhibitor of the Keap1-Nrf2 pathway, which plays a crucial role in cellular antioxidant defense mechanisms. Originating from Cassia obtusifolia, Toralactone exhibits significant hepatoprotective effects mediated through Nrf2 activation. This compound is suitable for research applications focused on oxidative stress, hepatotoxicity, and the modulation of antioxidant responses in various biological systems.
  36. Keap1-Nrf2 Inhibitor

    Nrf2 activator-12 is a potent activator of the Keap1-Nrf2 pathway, with an EC50 value of 83.5 nM. This compound demonstrates significant pharmacological effects, including the ability to reverse disease progression and mitigate demyelination in an experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis mouse model. Nrf2 activator-12 is valuable for studies exploring oxidative stress responses and potential neuroprotective strategies in various neurological disorders.
  37. Keap1-Nrf2 PPI Inhibitor

    Keap1-Nrf2-IN-9 is a selective inhibitor of the Keap1-Nrf2 protein-protein interaction (PPI) with a reported IC50 of 0.575 μM. This compound enhances the expression of Nrf2 target genes, including heme oxygenase 1 (Hmox1), glutathione S-transferase P (GstP), and the modulatory and catalytic subunits of glutamate-cysteine ligase (Gclc and Gclm). Keap1-Nrf2-IN-9 exhibits low cytotoxicity in ARPE19 cells, making it a valuable tool for studies focused on oxidative stress and cellular defense mechanisms.
  38. Nrf2 Activator

    Nrf2 activator-1 is a potent activator of the NF-E2 related factor 2 (Nrf2), a key regulator of cellular antioxidant response. It demonstrates significant biological activity in modulating oxidative stress and inflammation. This compound is valuable for research applications related to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, acute lung injury (ALI), acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), and pulmonary fibrosis, facilitating the exploration of therapeutic interventions in these conditions.
  39. NRF2 Activator

    MIND4-17 is a selective NRF2 activator that covalently modifies the C151 residue of Keap1. By disrupting the association between Keap1 and Nrf2, MIND4-17 promotes Nrf2 protein stabilization and subsequent nuclear translocation, enhancing the cellular antioxidant response. This compound demonstrates strong antioxidant activity and is valuable for research applications focused on oxidative stress and related pathways.
  40. Keap1-Cul3 E3 ligase Complex Allosteric Molecular Glues

    VVD 065 is an allosteric modulator of the Keap1-Cul3 E3 ligase complex that functions as a molecular glue. By activating KEAP1, VVD 065 promotes the degradation of NRF2, an essential regulator of antioxidant defenses. This compound has demonstrated the ability to inhibit tumor growth in non-small cell lung cancer and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma xenograft models. VVD 065 serves as a valuable tool for research on cancer biology and therapeutic strategies targeting oxidative stress responses.
  41. NR0B1-protein Interactions Destructive Agent

    BPK-29 hydrochloride is a selective agent that disrupts interactions between the atypical orphan nuclear receptor NR0B1 and its protein partners, such as RBM45 and SNW1, through covalent modification of cysteine residue C274. This compound has been shown to inhibit anchorage-independent growth in KEAP1-mutant cancer cell lines, making it a valuable tool for studying the biological functions of NR0B1 and its role in cancer development. BPK-29 hydrochloride is essential for research on targeted therapies in oncology and the mechanisms underlying cancer cell proliferation.
  42. GPR55 Agonist

    O-1602 is a potent agonist of GPR55, a G protein-coupled receptor involved in various neuroinflammatory processes. It has been shown to reduce both the number and activation of hippocampal microglia triggered by methamphetamine exposure. Additionally, O-1602 decreases the expression of key proteins associated with the NLRP3 inflammasome, including NLRP3, ASC, and Caspase-1, making it a valuable tool for studies related to neuroinflammation and neurodegenerative disease research.
  43. NO Donor Agent

    RIG 200 is an S-nitrosothiol nitric oxide (NO) donor that releases NO through decomposition, activating guanylate cyclase (sGCM) in vascular smooth muscle cells. This process increases cGMP levels, resulting in vasodilation. Additionally, RIG 200 significantly inhibits collagen-induced platelet aggregation in platelet-rich plasma (PRP), making it a valuable tool for research focused on thrombus prevention and cardiovascular studies.
  44. NO Donor

    SE 175 is an organic nitrate compound that functions as a nitric oxide (NO) donor through the reductive conversion of its nitrate group. Its primary mechanism involves the stimulation of endothelial soluble guanylate cyclase, resulting in pronounced aortic vasorelaxation, with an EC50 value of 0.20 µM. This compound is valuable for research investigating vascular biology and cardiovascular function, particularly in studies related to NO-mediated signaling pathways.
  45. Anti-inflammatory Agent

    11-Keto-beta-boswellic acid is a pentacyclic triterpenic acid derived from the oleogum resin of the Boswellia serrata tree, commonly known as Indian Frankincense. This compound exhibits significant anti-inflammatory activity through the inhibition of 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX), which subsequently reduces leukotriene synthesis and attenuates nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) activation, along with the production of tumor necrosis factor alpha. Due to its mechanism of action, 11-Keto-beta-boswellic acid is of interest in studies focused on inflammation-related conditions.
  46. FLAP Inhibitor

    Fiboflapon sodium is a potent inhibitor of the 5-lipoxygenase-activating protein (FLAP) with a binding affinity of 2.9 nM. It has an IC50 value of 76 nM for the inhibition of leukotriene B4 (LTB4) in human blood. This compound is valuable in research applications focused on inflammation and related diseases by modulating leukotriene synthesis. Its oral bioavailability makes it suitable for in vivo studies investigating FLAP-related pathways.
  47. Selective FLAP Inhibitor

    Veliflapon is a selective 5-lipoxygenase activating protein (FLAP) inhibitor. This compound effectively inhibits the synthesis of leukotrienes B4 and C4, thereby modulating inflammatory responses. Its primary application lies in research focused on asthma, allergies, and other inflammatory conditions, making it a valuable tool for studying leukotriene-mediated pathways.
  48. PA2/5-LOX/COX Inhibitor

    LY256548 is a potent inhibitor of phospholipase A2, 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX), and cyclooxygenase (COX), demonstrating significant anti-ischemic and anti-inflammatory properties. This compound effectively reduces leukotriene B4 production in response to A23187 stimulation. In preclinical models, LY256548 has shown efficacy in mitigating bone damage and paw swelling in rat models of Freund's complete adjuvant-induced arthritis (FCA), making it a valuable tool for research into inflammatory diseases and analgesic mechanisms.
  49. Leukotriene Receptor/FLAP Inhibitor

    (S)-Veliflapon is a potent inhibitor of leukotriene biosynthesis targeting the 5-lipoxygenase activating protein (FLAP). It effectively inhibits the formation of leukotriene B4 (LTB4) in rat, mouse, and human leukocytes with IC50 values of 0.026 µM, 0.039 µM, and 0.22 µM, respectively. Additionally, (S)-Veliflapon demonstrates enantioselectivity in human whole blood, making it a valuable reagent for research in inflammation and related biological processes.
  50. Anti-inflammatory Agent

    Mulberrofuran H is a 2-arylbenzofuran derived from the mulberry tree (Morus lhou (ser.) Koidz.), exhibiting significant anti-inflammatory properties. It effectively inhibits the enzymatic activity of L-tyrosine with an IC50 of 4.45 µM and L-DOPA with an IC50 of 19.70 µM. This compound is of interest in research applications focused on inflammation and oxidative stress, where it demonstrates potent antioxidative activity.

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