Isotope-Labeled Compounds

Triclosan-13C6 is a stable isotope-labeled variant of Triclosan, which primarily targets bacterial fatty acid synthesis by inhibiting the enoyl–acyl carrier protein reductase (FabI) enzyme. This compound effectively inhibits E. coli FabI and the mutant variant FabIG93V, with IC50 values of 2 μM and 10 μM, respectively. Triclosan has been shown to induce apoptosis in cultured rat neural stem cells and can exacerbate colitis and colitis-associated colorectal tumorigenesis in preclinical models, making it a valuable tool for research in microbiology and cancer studies.

3-Hydroxykynurenine-13C3,15N is a stable isotope-labeled derivative of 3-Hydroxykynurenine, which acts as a potential endogenous neurotoxin linked to neurodegenerative disorders. As a metabolite of tryptophan, it is known to induce neuronal apoptosis, making it a valuable compound for studying mechanisms of neurotoxicity and neuronal health. This reagent is suitable for applications in metabolic research and the investigation of neurodegenerative disease pathways.

Spisulosine-d3 is a deuterium-labeled derivative of Spisulosine, known for its role as a stable isotope. This marine-derived compound exhibits potent antiproliferative activity, effectively inhibiting the growth of prostate cancer cell lines PC-3 and LNCaP. The mechanism of action involves the accumulation of intracellular ceramide and activation of protein kinase C zeta (PKCζ), leading to apoptotic induction in these cancer cells. It serves as a valuable tool for investigating the mechanisms of tumor growth and apoptosis in cancer research.

5'-Deoxy-5'-(methylthio)adenosine-d3 is a deuterium-labeled analogue of 5'-Methylthioadenosine, a nucleoside formed from S-adenosylmethionine during polyamine synthesis. This compound exhibits significant activity in suppressing tumor growth by inhibiting tumor cell proliferation and invasion, as well as inducing apoptosis. Additionally, 5'-Methylthioadenosine plays a crucial role in modulating the inflammatory microenvironment within tumor tissues, providing valuable insights into cancer biology and potential therapeutic approaches. Its application in research enhances the understanding of tumorigenesis and therapeutic development.

Dasatinib-d4 is a deuterium-labeled derivative of Dasatinib, a potent ATP-competitive dual inhibitor targeting Src and Bcr-Abl. With IC50 values of less than 1.0 nM and 0.5 nM for Bcr-Abl and Src, respectively, Dasatinib effectively impedes tumor growth by inducing apoptosis and autophagy. This stable isotope-labeled compound is valuable for pharmacokinetic studies and metabolic investigations in cancer research, facilitating enhanced tracking of Dasatinib’s biological activity in various experimental settings.

Gemcitabine-13C,15N2 is a stable isotope labeled version of the antimetabolite and antineoplastic agent, Gemcitabine. This compound primarily functions by inhibiting DNA synthesis and repair, leading to subsequent autophagy and apoptosis in cancer cells. Its unique isotopic composition makes it an invaluable tool for metabolic tracing and pharmacokinetic studies in cancer research.

L-Asparagine-13C4,15N2,d3 monohydrate is a stable isotope-labeled form of L-Asparagine, featuring deuterium, 13C, and 15N isotopes. This amino acid is critical for leukemic cell survival and serves as a substrate for the enzyme L-Asparaginase, which induces asparagine and glutamine depletion. The action of L-Asparaginase notably disrupts RNA and DNA synthesis, leading to apoptosis in lymphoblasts, particularly affecting cells with low asparagine synthetase expression. L-Asparagine-13C4,15N2,d3 monohydrate is a valuable tool for research into acute lymphoblastic leukemia, aiding in biomarker studies and the development of targeted therapies.

Propyl paraben-13C6 is a stable isotope-labeled form of Propylparaben (Propyl parahydroxybenzoate), an antibacterial preservative naturally derived from plants and bacteria. This chemical compound is frequently utilized in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and food products. Propyl paraben is known to interfere with follicular growth and steroidogenic function by modifying cell cycle dynamics, apoptosis, and steroidogenic pathways. Additionally, studies have shown that Propyl paraben can lead to decreased sperm count and motility in animal models, making it relevant for research on reproductive health and endocrine disruption.

Formamide-13C is a stable isotope-labeled variant of formamide, featuring a carbon-13 isotope. It acts as an effective DNA denaturant, significantly reducing the stability of DNA in buffer solutions, which is crucial for various molecular biology applications. Additionally, formamide-13C serves as a decalcifying agent for cardiac cells and is commonly utilized as a solvent and chemical precursor for ion compounds, resins, and plasticizers in research settings.

2-Deoxy-D-glucose-13C-1 is a stable isotope-labeled analog of 2-Deoxy-D-glucose, which serves as a competitive inhibitor of glucose metabolism. This compound primarily targets hexokinase, effectively inhibiting glycolysis. 2-Deoxy-D-glucose-13C-1 is valuable in metabolic studies, applications in cancer research, and understanding cellular energy dynamics, particularly in glucose uptake and utilization pathways.

(E)-β-Ionone-d3 is a stable isotope-labeled derivative of (E)-β-Ionone, featuring deuterium at specific positions. This compound serves as a valuable tool for isotopic labeling studies and is applicable in metabolic tracing, environmental analysis, and fragrance research. Its incorporation in various analytical techniques enables precise tracking of molecular pathways and interactions in biological systems.

Colchicine-d6 is a deuterium-labeled analogue of colchicine, a potent tubulin inhibitor and microtubule-disrupting agent. It inhibits microtubule polymerization with an IC50 value of 3 nM, making it a valuable tool for studying cytoskeletal dynamics. Additionally, colchicine-d6 acts as a competitive antagonist of α3 glycine receptors, facilitating research into the role of microtubule stability and glycine receptor modulation in various biological processes.

D-Mannitol-2-13C is a stable isotope-labeled derivative of D-Mannitol. This 13C-labeled compound plays a critical role in metabolic studies, particularly in understanding carbohydrate metabolism and energy homeostasis. D-Mannitol serves as an osmotic diuretic, promotes the absorption of minerals, enhances brown adipose tissue formation, and demonstrates potential for reducing blood glucose levels through β3-adrenergic receptor activation. It is frequently employed in cell culture applications to maintain osmotic pressure and protect cells, particularly when cell walls are compromised.

Lithocholic acid-d5 is a deuterated stable isotope of lithocholic acid, primarily used in metabolic studies and tracer experiments. This compound serves as a valuable tool for researchers investigating bile acid metabolism, absorption, and its implications in various physiological and pathological processes. Its isotopic labeling allows for precise tracking in analytical techniques such as mass spectrometry, facilitating in-depth studies in pharmacokinetics and toxicity assessments.

Ruxolitinib-d9 is a deuterium-labeled derivative of Ruxolitinib, a selective JAK1/2 inhibitor. With IC50 values of 3.3 nM and 2.8 nM for JAK1 and JAK2 respectively, Ruxolitinib demonstrates a significant preference for these targets over JAK3, exhibiting a 130-fold selectivity. This compound plays a critical role in cancer research by inducing autophagy and promoting cell death in tumor cells through mechanisms of toxic mitophagy.

Ceramide C6-d7 is a deuterated form of Ceramide C6, serving as a stable isotope for metabolic studies. This short-chain ceramide is known to activate the ceramide pathway, leading to apoptosis in various cancer cell types. Ceramide C6-d7 is valuable for research applications in cell signaling, cancer biology, and the exploration of ceramide metabolism in disease models.

Quizartinib-d8 is a deuterium-labeled derivative of Quizartinib, a selective and potent type II FLT3 tyrosine kinase inhibitor. With a Kd of 1.6 nM, Quizartinib effectively inhibits both wild-type FLT3 and FLT3-ITD autophosphorylation, exhibiting IC50 values of 4.2 and 1.1 nM, respectively, in MV4-11 cells. This reagent is valuable in research applications involving targeted protein degradation when linked to VHL ligands through optimized linkers. Additionally, Quizartinib is known to induce apoptosis, highlighting its potential in therapeutic strategies for hematological malignancies.

Aminoguanidine-13C, 15N4 is a stable isotope-labeled variant of Aminoguanidine, functioning as an inhibitor of diamine oxidase and nitric oxide synthase. This compound exhibits a dose-dependent inhibitory effect on apoptosis induced by Doxorubicin and possesses notable antioxidant properties. Aminoguanidine-13C, 15N4 is particularly valuable in research related to diabetic nephropathy, enabling detailed studies on metabolic pathways and therapeutic mechanisms.

L-Methionine-d1 is a deuterated form of L-Methionine, functioning as a stable isotope. As an essential amino acid, L-Methionine plays a significant role in hepatic protection and exhibits the ability to inhibit cell proliferation and induce apoptosis in various cell types. Its antitumor and antioxidant properties make L-Methionine-d1 a valuable reagent for research applications in cancer biology and metabolic studies.

Ritonavir-d6 is a deuterium-labeled variant of Ritonavir, an effective inhibitor of HIV protease. This compound plays a critical role in the treatment of HIV infection and AIDS. Additionally, Ritonavir acts as an inhibitor of the SARS-CoV 3CLpro enzyme, exhibiting an IC50 of 1.61 μM, which makes it valuable for research in antiviral drug development and mechanistic studies of viral replication.

Capsaicin-d3 is a deuterated form of Capsaicin, a well-known TRPV1 agonist derived from chili peppers. This stable isotope allows for precise tracking and analysis in various research applications. Capsaicin-d3 has been implicated in studies exploring analgesic effects for neurological disorders, as well as its potential antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer properties. Its use in research facilitates a better understanding of pain pathways and the therapeutic potential of capsaicin-related compounds.

(S)-Verapamil hydrochloride-d6 is a deuterium-labeled derivative of (S)-Verapamil hydrochloride, primarily utilized as a stable isotope in research. This compound inhibits leukotriene C4 (LTC4) transport and calcein transport mediated by the MRP1 protein. Its biological activity demonstrates potential in inducing apoptosis in resistant tumor cells, making it a valuable tool for cancer research and exploring multidrug resistance mechanisms.

Dihydroartemisinin-d3 is a deuterium-labeled derivative of Dihydroartemisinin, a potent antimalarial agent primarily targeting the parasite Plasmodium falciparum. This stable isotope is utilized in pharmacokinetic and metabolic studies to understand the drug's behavior in biological systems. It is essential for research applications involving tracer studies, helping elucidate the pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of antimalarial therapies.

Abacavir-d4 is a deuterium-labeled derivative of Abacavir, a potent nucleoside analog reverse-transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI). This stable isotope is utilized in pharmacokinetic studies to trace the metabolic pathways of Abacavir and to investigate its pharmacological effects. It is essential for research involving HIV treatment and the development of antiviral strategies, enabling precise measurements of drug metabolism and distribution in biological systems.

Adapalene-d3 is a deuterium-labeled form of the third-generation synthetic retinoid, Adapalene. This compound acts as a potent retinoic acid receptor (RAR) agonist, demonstrating AC50 values of 2.3 nM, 9.3 nM, and 22 nM for RARβ, RARγ, and RARα, respectively. Additionally, Adapalene-d3 inhibits the enzymatic activity of glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase 1 (GOT1) in a non-competitive manner and possesses anti-tumor activity. This reagent is useful for studying acne mechanisms as well as RAR-related biological pathways in research applications.

4-tert-Octylphenol-3,5-d2 is a stable isotope-labeled analogue of 4-tert-Octylphenol, featuring deuterium substitutions at the 3 and 5 positions. This compound serves as a valuable tracer in environmental and biological studies, aiding in the detection and quantification of phenolic compounds. Its applications extend to research focused on endocrine disruptors, metabolic pathways, and environmental impact assessments.

Sildenafil-d8 is a deuterium-labeled analog of Sildenafil, a potent inhibitor of phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) with an IC50 value of 5.22 nM. This stable isotope allows for precise tracking and monitoring in pharmacokinetic studies and metabolic research. It serves as a valuable tool for researchers investigating the pharmacological properties of PDE5 inhibitors and their implications in various biological processes.

Benzyl isothiocyanate-d7 is a deuterium-labeled derivative of Benzyl isothiocyanate, known for its role as a natural isothiocyanate. It exhibits significant antimicrobial activity and effectively inhibits cell mobility, migration, and invasion in murine melanoma cells. Additionally, it attenuates the activity of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), making it a valuable tool for research in cancer biology and cell migration studies.

Ibandronic acid-d3 is a deuterium-labeled analogue of Ibandronic acid, a potent nitrogen-containing bisphosphonate. This stable isotope is primarily utilized in pharmacokinetic studies and drug metabolism research, facilitating the tracking of Ibandronic acid in biological systems. Ibandronic acid is primarily employed in the treatment of osteoporosis, and its labeled form allows for enhanced understanding of its pharmacological properties and mechanisms of action.

Pantoprazole-d6 is a deuterated form of Pantoprazole, a potent proton pump inhibitor (PPI) targeting H+/K+-ATPase with an IC50 of 6.8 μM. This stable isotope is primarily utilized in pharmacokinetic studies and metabolic investigations. Pantoprazole exhibits significant anti-secretory and anti-ulcer activities, enhancing pH stability while demonstrating the potential to improve tumor growth delay when combined with Doxorubicin.

(Rac)-Verapamil-d7 (hydrochloride) is a deuterium-labeled derivative of (Rac)-Verapamil, a calcium channel blocker. This stable isotope compound is useful for pharmacokinetic studies and metabolic profiling, offering insights into drug metabolism and disposition. Its application in research facilitates enhanced traceability and quantification in biological systems, aiding in the development of cardiovascular therapies.

Zoledronic acid-15N2,13C2 is a stable isotope-labeled derivative of Zoledronic Acid, a third-generation bisphosphonate with potent anti-resorptive properties. This compound primarily targets and inhibits the differentiation and apoptosis of osteoclasts, thereby reducing bone resorption. Additionally, Zoledronic Acid exhibits anti-cancer effects, making this isotope variant suitable for advanced research applications in bone metabolism and oncology studies.

Meloxicam-d3-1 is a deuterium-labeled derivative of Meloxicam, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug that primarily targets cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes. Its inhibitory activity is characterized by IC50 values of 0.49 µM for COX-2 and 36.6 µM for COX-1, emphasizing its selectivity for COX-2. This stable isotope is valuable for pharmacokinetic studies and metabolic research, offering insights into drug metabolism and distribution pathways.

Zonisamide-15N,d4 is a stable isotope-labeled derivative of Zonisamide, designed for advanced chemical research applications. This compound functions primarily as a potent inhibitor of carbonic anhydrases hCA II and hCA V, with inhibition constants of 35.2 nM and 20.6 nM, respectively. Zonisamide demonstrates neuroprotective properties by promoting anti-apoptotic pathways and enhancing manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) levels. Additionally, it increases the expression of Hrd1, contributing to improved cardiac function in animal models. This reagent is suitable for studies involving seizure disorders, Parkinson's disease, and cardiac hypertrophy research.

Tegaserod-d11 is a deuterated analog of Tegaserod, a selective agonist of the serotonin receptor 4 (HTR4) and a potent antagonist of the 5-HT2B receptor. With pKis of 7.5, 8.4, and 7.0 for the human recombinant 5-HT2A, 5-HT2B, and 5-HT2C receptors, respectively, Tegaserod exhibits significant biological activity by inducing tumor cell apoptosis, inhibiting PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling, and reducing S6 phosphorylation. This reagent is valuable for research applications focusing on anti-tumor effects and the pathophysiology of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS).

Eicosapentaenoic acid methyl ester-d5 is a deuterium-labeled derivative of Eicosapentaenoic acid methyl ester, serving as a stable isotope. This compound is involved in the metabolic pathway of monogalactosyl diacylglycerol, which exhibits anticancer properties through the induction of apoptosis. Eicosapentaenoic acid methyl ester-d5 is useful in biological research for studying lipid metabolism and evaluating the pharmacokinetics of related compounds.

L-Asparagine-15N2,d8 is a stable isotope-labeled form of the essential amino acid L-Asparagine. This compound serves as a substrate for the enzyme L-Asparaginase, known for its anti-leukemic properties through the depletion of asparagine and glutamine. L-Asparaginase induces apoptosis in leukemic cells by inhibiting RNA and DNA synthesis, particularly in cancer cells with low expression of asparagine synthetase. Additionally, L-Asparagine can be utilized as a biomarker in research applications focused on childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

Sildenafil citrate-d8 is a deuterium-labeled derivative of Sildenafil citrate, a potent inhibitor of phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) with an IC50 of 5.22 nM. This stable isotope reagent is primarily used for metabolic studies and pharmacokinetic research, facilitating the tracing of drug metabolism and pharmacological profiling in biological systems. Its unique labeling allows for enhanced detection and analysis in various experimental formats.

Imipramine-d4 is a deuterated form of Imipramine, a tricyclic antidepressant that primarily acts as a serotonin transporter inhibitor with an IC50 of 32 nM. This compound demonstrates significant biological activities, including inhibition of Fascin1, which contributes to its antitumor effects. Additionally, Imipramine has been shown to stimulate autophagy in U-87MG glioma cells and induce apoptosis in HL-60 cells. Its neuroprotective and immunomodulatory properties make it a valuable reagent for research in cancer biology and neuropharmacology.

Oxcarbazepine-d4-1 is a deuterated form of Oxcarbazepine, a compound known for its ability to block sodium channels. This reagent has demonstrated significant efficacy in inhibiting the growth of glioblastoma cells, promoting apoptosis, and inducing G2/M phase arrest in various glioblastoma cell lines. Its applications span anti-cancer research and the study of anticonvulsant mechanisms.

Minocycline-d6 hydrochloride is a deuterated form of Minocycline hydrochloride, serving as a stable isotope labeled compound. Minocycline is a semi-synthetic tetracycline antibiotic that effectively penetrates the blood-brain barrier and functions as an inhibitor of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α. It exhibits various biological activities, including anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory properties, and the modulation of glutamate neurotransmission, contributing to neuroprotection and potential antidepressant effects. Additionally, Minocycline inhibits bacterial protein synthesis by binding to the 30S ribosomal subunit, leading to a bacteriostatic outcome, making it valuable for biochemical and pharmaceutical research.

Hydroxyurea-15N is a stable isotope-labeled derivative of Hydroxyurea, targeting ribonucleotide reductase to inhibit DNA synthesis. This compound induces cell apoptosis and exhibits anti-orthopoxvirus activity, making it valuable for studying viral infections and DNA replication processes. Its stable isotope nature allows for precise tracking and analysis in biochemical research applications.

Cyproheptadine-d3 is a deuterium-labeled derivative of the antihistamine Cyproheptadine, serving as a stable isotope for research applications. It primarily acts as a serotonin and histamine receptor antagonist, making it useful in studies investigating receptor interactions and pharmacokinetics. This reagent is valuable for tracing and quantifying Cyproheptadine in various biological samples, facilitating research in pharmacology and toxicology.

Minodronic acid-d4 is a deuterium-labeled version of Minodronic acid, a third-generation bisphosphonate that acts primarily through the inhibition of bone resorption. This compound demonstrates significant biological activity by directly and indirectly preventing cell proliferation, inducing apoptosis, and inhibiting metastasis in various cancer cell types. Additionally, Minodronic acid serves as an antagonist of purinergic P2X2/3 receptors, contributing to pain modulation. It is valuable for research applications in cancer biology and pain management studies.

S-Adenosyl-L-methionine-d3 is a deuterated form of S-Adenosyl-L-methionine, functioning primarily as a stable isotope. This compound acts as an effective methyl group donor and is recognized for its significant biological activities, including anti-proliferative, pro-apoptotic, and anti-metastatic effects in cancer research. S-Adenosyl-L-methionine-d3 also supports investigations into its potential therapeutic applications for conditions such as liver disease and osteoarthritis, as well as its role in mood regulation and antidepressant effects.

Adenosine-13C5 is a stable isotope-labeled form of adenosine, which serves as a critical endogenous autacoid. It interacts with four G protein-coupled receptors: A1, A2A, A2B, and A3, influencing a wide range of cellular processes such as neuronal signaling, vascular regulation, platelet function, and immune cell activity. This isotope-labeled compound is valuable for tracing and quantifying adenosine metabolism in various biological studies and applications.

Oleic acid-13C18 is a stable isotope-labeled form of oleic acid (9-cis-Octadecenoic acid). This monounsaturated fatty acid serves as a Na+/K+ ATPase activator, influencing cellular ion homeostasis and energy metabolism. It is utilized in various research applications, including metabolic studies, lipid profiling, and investigations into cellular signaling pathways.

Citric acid-13C6 is a stable isotope-labeled form of citric acid, commonly used in metabolic studies and tracer experiments. It serves as a natural preservative and enhances the tartness of food while also exhibiting biological activities such as inducing apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in HaCaT cells at the G2/M and S phases. Additionally, citric acid has been shown to contribute to oxidative liver damage by reducing antioxidative enzyme activities. Its applications extend across various industries as an acidulant, emulsifier, sequestrant, and buffering agent.

Kynurenic acid-d5 is a deuterium-labeled analog of kynurenic acid, an endogenous metabolite of tryptophan. It acts as a broad-spectrum antagonist of NMDA and glutamate receptors, as well as the α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. Additionally, kynurenic acid-d5 serves as an agonist for GPR35/CXCR8, making it valuable in studies related to neuropharmacology and neurotransmitter signaling pathways. This stable isotope is ideal for tracing and characterization studies in metabolic research.

Ibuprofen-d3 is a deuterium-labeled derivative of Ibuprofen, an established nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) targeting cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) enzymes, with IC50 values of 13 μM and 370 μM, respectively. This reagent is primarily utilized in pharmacokinetic studies and metabolic research, enabling the investigation of the drug's bioavailability and metabolic pathways. Its stable isotope properties make it ideal for use in mass spectrometry applications and tracer studies in biochemical assays.