Endocrinology-Hormones

Small molecules play a pivotal role in Endocrinology Research. These are low molecular weight compounds that have a significant impact on the endocrine system, hormones, and their receptors. Here are some key aspects of how small molecules are involved in this field:

  • Hormone Mimetics and Inhibitors: Small molecules are used to develop synthetic compounds that mimic the actions of hormones or inhibit their effects. For example, drugs like metformin for diabetes management and selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) for breast cancer treatment are used to either mimic or block hormonal activity.
  • Receptor Modulation: Small molecules can bind to hormone receptors and modulate their activity. This is crucial in developing drugs that target specific hormone receptors, like the use of small molecule agonists and antagonists to regulate thyroid hormone receptors.
  • Metabolism Regulation: Endocrinology research often focuses on metabolism and how hormones like insulin regulate it. Small molecules are employed to understand and develop drugs targeting enzymes involved in metabolism, such as glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) agonists for diabetes treatment.
  • Steroid Hormone Production: Small molecules may be utilized to influence the production of steroid hormones in the adrenal glands or gonads. This is essential for conditions like Cushing's syndrome or polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).
  • Hormone Assays: In laboratory research, small molecules are used as tracers or markers in hormone assays. For instance, small molecule fluorophores can be attached to antibodies to detect hormone levels in blood samples.

Drug Development: Endocrinology research relies on small molecules as potential drug candidates. Researchers design and test small molecules for their effectiveness in modulating hormonal pathways, with the goal of developing new therapies for endocrine disorders.
In summary, small molecules are indispensable tools in Endocrinology Research, enabling scientists to better understand the endocrine system's intricacies and develop novel treatments for a wide range of hormonal disorders and conditions. Their versatility and specificity make them valuable assets in advancing our knowledge of endocrinology and improving patient care.


Endocrinology Disease Products


Endocrinology Research Products

Kisspeptin Receptor

Leptin Receptors

Melanocortin (MC) Receptors

Mineralocorticoid Receptors

Ghrelin Receptors

Natriuretic Peptide Receptors

NPY Receptors

Motilin Receptor

PTH Receptor

Items 401-450 of 1754

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Catalog No.
Product Name
Application
Product Information
Citations
  1. Glucocorticoid Receptor Agonist

    Betamethasone dipropionate is a glucocorticoid steroid with anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive abilities.
  2. Betamethasone valerate is a potent glucocorticoid steroid with anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties.
  3. Budesonide is a glucocorticoid steroid for the treatment of asthma, non-infectious rhinitis.
  4. Candesartan is an angiotensin II receptor antagonist used mainly for the treatment of hypertension.
  5. Aromatase Inhibitor

    Chrysin is a naturally occurring flavone chemically extracted from the blue passion flower (Passiflora caerulea). It has been shown to induce an anti-inflammatory effect, most likely by inhibition of COX-2 expression and via IL-6 signaling. In rodent in vivo studies, chrysin was found anxiolytic.
  6. Clomifene inhibits estrogen receptors in hypothalamus, inhibiting negative feedback of estrogen on gonadotropin release, leading to up-regulation of the hypothalamic-Cpituitary-Cadrenal axis.
  7. Androgen Receptor Modulators

    Ostarine is an androgen receptor modulator (SARM)
  8. Deflazacort is a glucocorticoid used as an anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressant.
  9. Dienogest is an oral progestin that has antiandrogenic activity and as a result can improve androgenic symptoms.
  10. Drospirenone is a synthetic hormone used in birth control pills.
  11. ACE inhibitor

    Enalapril is an angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor used in the treatment of hypertension and some types of chronic heart failure.
  12. RAAS inhibitor

    Enalaprilat is the active metabolite of enalapril. It is the first dicarboxylate-containing ACE inhibitor and was developed partly to overcome these limitations of captopril.
  13. Aromatase inhibitor

    Exemestane is an oral steroidal aromatase inhibitor that is used in ER-positive breast cancer in addition to surgery and/or radiation in post-menopausal women.
  14. Flunisolide is a corticosteroid often used to treat allergic rhinitis.The principal mechanism of action of Flunisolide is to activate glucocorticoid receptors, meaning it has an anti-inflammatory action.
  15. Androgen receptor antagonist

    Flutamide is an antiandrogen drug, with its active metablolite binding at androgen receptor with Ki values of 55 nM, and primarily used to treat prostate cancer.
  16. Estrogen/progestogen Receptor agonist

    Hexestrol is a carcinogenic synthetic estrogen that inhibits microtubule polymerization and the formation of ribbon structures. It is an inhibitor of lipid peroxidation.
  17. AT1 antagonist

    Irbesartan is an angiotensin II receptor antagonist used mainly for the treatment of hypertension.
  18. ERβ agonist

    LY500307 is a potent, selective estrogen receptor beta agonist with an EC50 of 0.66 nM.
  19. Meprednisone is a glucocorticoid and a methylated derivative of prednisone
  20. synthetic glucocorticoid receptor agonist

    Methylprednisolone is an apoptosis inducer and was also found to inhibit human small cell lung cancer cell growth in vitro.
  21. Perindopril Butylamine Salt is an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor.
  22. Prednisolone is a glucocorticoid with the general properties of the corticosteroids.
  23. Glucocorticoid Receptor agonist

    Prednisone reduces mucosal TNF-a production, intestinal permeability and levels of NF-kB expression.
  24. ACE inhibitor

    Ramipril is an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor with IC50 of 5 nM.
  25. Angiotensin II receptor antagonist

    Tasosartan is an angiotensin II receptor antagonist.
  26. estrogen-receptor modulator

    Toremifene citrate (Z-Toremifene citrate) is a second-generation selective estrogen-receptor modulator (SERM) in development for the prevention of osteoporosis. Toremifene citrate also potent inhibits infectious EBOV Zaire and Marburg (MARV) with IC50 of 0.07 ?M and 2.6 ?M, respectively.
  27. angiotensin II receptor antagonist

    Valsartan (CGP-48933) is an angiotensin II receptor antagonist for the treatment of high blood pressure and heart failure.
  28. 5-alpha reductase inhibitor

    β-sitosterol reduces blood levels of cholesterol, and is sometimes used in treating hypercholesterolemia. β-Sitosterol inhibits cholesterol absorption in the intestine. When the sterol is absorbed in the intestine, it is transported by lipoproteins and incorporated into the cellular membrane.
  29. glucocorticoid receptor agonist

    (S)-Mapracorat is a selective and less active glucocorticoid receptor agonist.
  30. testosterone 5-alpha-reductase inhibitor

    Finasteride (acetate) is an orally active testosterone 5-alpha-reductase inhibitor.
  31. estrogen receptor antagonist

    Fulvestrant R enantiomer (ICI 182780 R enantiomer; ZD 9238 R enantiomer; ZM 182780 R enantiomer) is the less active R enantiomer of Fulvestrant. Fulvestrant is a potent estrogen receptor antagonist with an IC50 of 9.4 nM.
  32. GPR3 inverse agonist

    AF64394 is a GPR3 inverse agonist, with a pIC50 of 7.3.
  33. Angiotensin-II subtype 2 receptor(AT2 R) agonist

    CGP-42112(CGP-42112A) is a potent Angiotensin-II subtype 2 receptor(AT2 R) agonist.
  34. angiotensin II receptor antagonist

    Losartan D4 Carboxylic Acid is the deuterium labeled Losartan(EXP-3174), which is an angiotensin II receptor antagonist.
  35. angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonist

    Azilsartan D5 is the deuterium labeled Azilsartan(TAK-536), which is a specific and potent angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonist.
  36. estrogen receptor modulators

    Pipendoxifene hydrochloride is a selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs).
  37. estrogen receptor covalent antagonist

    H3B-6545 Hydrochloride is an oral, selective estrogen receptor covalent antagonist (SERCA).
  38. GPR40 activator

    GPR40 Activator 2 is a potent GPR40 activator from patents WO 2012147516 A1, WO 2012046869A1 and WO 2011078371 A1.
  39. GPR88 receptor agonist

    (1R,2R)-2-PCCA hydrochloride is a diastereomer of 2-PCCA, and acts as a potent GPR88 receptor agonist, with an EC50 of 3 nM in cell-free assay, and 603 nM in cell assay.
  40. SARD ligand

    (R)-UT-155 (compound 11) is a selective androgen receptor degrader (SARD) ligand. Less active than the S-isomer.
  41. estrogen receptor (ERα) antagonist

    AZD9496 maleate is a potent and selective estrogen receptor (ERα) antagonist with IC50 of 0.28 nM. AZD9496 maleate is an orally bioavailable selective oestrogen receptor degrader (SERD).
  42. thyroid hormone receptor agonist

    Eprotirome is a liver-selective thyroid hormone receptor agonist.
  43. GPR40 agonist

    AM-4668 is a GPR40 agonist for type 2 diabetes. EC50s of 3.6 nM and 36 nM for GPR40 in A9 cells (GPR40 IP3 assay) and CHO cells (GPR40 aequorin assay), respectively.
  44. GPR40 agonist

    AMG 837 sodium salt is a potent GPR40 agonist(EC50=13 nM) with a superior pharmacokinetic profile and robust glucose-dependent stimulation of insulin secretion in rodents.
  45. (±)-Equol is the racemate of equol. Equol is a metabolite of the soy isoflavones, daidzin and daidzein.
  46. progesterone receptor agonist

    Nomegestrol acetate is a potent, highly selective progestogen, which is characterized as a full agonist at the progesterone receptor, with no or minimal binding to other steroid receptors, including the androgen and glucocorticoid receptors.
  47. oestrogen receptor antagonist

    Enclomiphene citrate is a potent and orally active oestrogen receptor antagonist, with antioestrogenic property.
  48. D prostanoid receptor 2 antagonist

    Timapiprant sodium (OC000459 sodium) is a potent, selective, and orally active D prostanoid receptor 2 (DP2, also known as CRTH2) antagonist.
  49. direct renin inhibitor

    Aliskiren D6 Hydrochloride (CGP 60536 D6 Hydrochloride) is is deuterium labeled Aliskiren, which is a direct renin inhibitor with IC50 of 1.5 nM.
  50. glucocorticoid receptor agonist

    Mapracorat is a novel non-steroidal selective glucocorticoid receptor agonist.

Items 401-450 of 1754

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