Endocrinology-Hormones

Small molecules play a pivotal role in Endocrinology Research. These are low molecular weight compounds that have a significant impact on the endocrine system, hormones, and their receptors. Here are some key aspects of how small molecules are involved in this field:

  • Hormone Mimetics and Inhibitors: Small molecules are used to develop synthetic compounds that mimic the actions of hormones or inhibit their effects. For example, drugs like metformin for diabetes management and selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) for breast cancer treatment are used to either mimic or block hormonal activity.
  • Receptor Modulation: Small molecules can bind to hormone receptors and modulate their activity. This is crucial in developing drugs that target specific hormone receptors, like the use of small molecule agonists and antagonists to regulate thyroid hormone receptors.
  • Metabolism Regulation: Endocrinology research often focuses on metabolism and how hormones like insulin regulate it. Small molecules are employed to understand and develop drugs targeting enzymes involved in metabolism, such as glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) agonists for diabetes treatment.
  • Steroid Hormone Production: Small molecules may be utilized to influence the production of steroid hormones in the adrenal glands or gonads. This is essential for conditions like Cushing's syndrome or polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).
  • Hormone Assays: In laboratory research, small molecules are used as tracers or markers in hormone assays. For instance, small molecule fluorophores can be attached to antibodies to detect hormone levels in blood samples.

Drug Development: Endocrinology research relies on small molecules as potential drug candidates. Researchers design and test small molecules for their effectiveness in modulating hormonal pathways, with the goal of developing new therapies for endocrine disorders.
In summary, small molecules are indispensable tools in Endocrinology Research, enabling scientists to better understand the endocrine system's intricacies and develop novel treatments for a wide range of hormonal disorders and conditions. Their versatility and specificity make them valuable assets in advancing our knowledge of endocrinology and improving patient care.


Endocrinology Disease Products


Endocrinology Research Products

Kisspeptin Receptor

Leptin Receptors

Melanocortin (MC) Receptors

Mineralocorticoid Receptors

Ghrelin Receptors

Natriuretic Peptide Receptors

NPY Receptors

Motilin Receptor

PTH Receptor

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Catalog No.
Product Name
Application
Product Information
Citations
  1. ACE inhibitor

    Zofenopril calcium is an angiotensin-converting enzyme ACE inhibitor.
  2. Androgen Receptor inhibitor

    ARN-509 is an androgen receptor antagonist with potential antineoplastic activity. ARN-509 binds to AR in target tissues thereby preventing androgen-induced receptor activation and facilitating the formation of inactive complexes that cannot be translocated to the nucleus. This prevents binding to and transcription of AR-responsive genes.
  3. Renin inhibitor

    Aliskiren is an orally active, synthetic nonpeptide renin inhibitor.
  4. dual 5alpha-reductase inhibitor

    Dutasteride is a dual 5-a reductase inhibitor that inhibits conversion of testosterone to dihydrotestosterone (DHT).
  5. RNA polymerase inhibitor

    Antibiotic; inhibits bacterial RNA polymerase. Prototypical activator of the pregnane X receptor (PXR).
  6. AR inhibitor downregulator

    AZD-3514 is a potent androgen receptor downregulator with potential anticancer cancer activity.
  7. Aromatase inhibitor

    Fadrozole is a nonsteroidal aromatase inhibitor exhibiting a very potent and selective inhibitory effect of the aromatase enzyme system in vivo and estrogen biosynthesis in vivo.
  8. Aromatase inhibitor

    Letrozole is an Aromatase inhibitor. CGS 20267 is a new non-steroidal compound which potently inhibits aromatase in vitro (IC50 of 11.5 nM) and in vivo (ED50 of 1?€?3 μg/kg p.o.)
  9. Aromatase inhibitor

    Fulvestrant is an estrogen receptor antagonist with no agonist effects, which works both by down-regulating and by degrading the estrogen receptor.
  10. GnRH receptor Inhibitor

    NBI-42902 is a novel nonpeptide antagonist of the human gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor
  11. GPR3 agonist/NOS/ NADPH oxidases inhibitor

    Diphenyleneiodonium chloride has been shown to be a potent irreversible inhibitor of NOS2 (iNOS) from macrophages and NOS3 (eNOS) from endothelial cells.
  12. HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor

    Rosuvastatin is a member of the drug class of statins, used to treat high cholesterol and related conditions, and to prevent cardiovascular disease.
  13. renin inhibitor

    Aliskiren hemifumarate is a hemifumarate salt form of Aliskiren, which is a direct renin inhibitor approved for the treatment of essential hypertension.
  14. CYP17 inhibitor

    TOK-001 (Galeterone) is both an androgen receptor antagonist and CYP17A1 inhibitor.
  15. HMG-CoA Reductase inhibitor

    Clinofibrate is a lipid clearing agent that appears to modify lipid metabolism, diminishing the steroid induced accumulation of lipids within osteocytes. It also can effectively reduce the plasma fibrinogen level.

  16. ACE inhibitor/Beta blocker

    Moxonidine is a new-generation centrally-acting antihypertensive drug. It may have a role when thiazides, beta-blockers, ACE inhibitors and calcium channel blockers are not appropriate or have failed to control blood pressure. In addition, it demonstrates favourable effects on parameters of the insulin resistance syndrome, apparently independent of blood pressure reduction.
  17. VD/VDR Inhibitor

    Metabolite of vitamin D2
  18. Renin inhibitor

    VTP-27999 is an alkyl amine Renin inhibitor; VTP-27999 is useful for Hypertension and End-Organ Diseases. Ic50 value: Target: Renin
  19. ACE inhibitor

    Cilazapril is a pyridazine angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACE inhibitor) used for the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure.
  20. ACE inhibitor

    Fosinopril is an angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor used for the treatment of hypertension and some types of chronic heart failure.
  21. ACE inhibitor

    Temocapril is an ACE inhibitor.
  22. GPR40 Inhibitor

    GW 9508 is a cell-permeable aminophenylpropanoate that acts as a potent and selective agonist for the G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) GRP40/FFA1 receptor (EC50 ?50 nM) with reduced activity towards family members GRP120 (EC50 ?3.5 μM), GRP41/GRP43 (EC50 >50 μM), as well as a panel of eight other free fatty acid (FFA) and prostaglandin receptors.
  23. CYP17A1/androgen synthesis inhibitor

    Orteronel (TAK700) is an androgen synthesis inhibitor. It selectively inhibits the enzyme CYP17A which is expressed in testicular, adrenal, and prostatic tumor tissues.
  24. LTA4 hydrolase inhibitor

    Captopril Disulfide is a reversible and competitive inhibitor of LTA4 hydrolase (IC50=11 M). Captopril has been shown to be an of angiotensin converting enzyme-1 (ACE1), but not ACE2(IC50 = 22 nM).
  25. ACE inhibitor

    Zofenopril is an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor with an IC50 of 81 μM.
  26. Renin inhibitor

    VTP-27999 HCl is a potent inhibitor of renin with IC50 value of 0.3 nM for human renin.
  27. angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitor

    LCZ696 is an orally bioavailable, dual-acting angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitor (ARNi) for hypertension and heart failure.
  28. 5 alpha-reductase inhibitor

    Epristeride is a selective and specific uncompetitive inhibitor of human steroid 5 alpha-reductase isoform 2.
  29. OC2 inhibitor

    CSRM617 is an inhibitor of the transcription factor ONECUT2 (OC2), thereby suppressing metastasis in mice.

  30. aromatase inhibitor

    Alpha-Naphthoflavone is a synthetic flavonoid, acts as a potent and competitive aromatase inhibitor with an IC50 and a Ki of 0.5 and 0.2 μM, respectively.
  31. angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor

    Lisinopril (MK-521) is angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, used in treatment of hypertension, congestive heart failure, and heart attacks.
  32. Aromatase inhibitor

    Fadrozole hydrochloride is a potent, selective and nonsteroidal inhibitor of aromatase with an IC50 of 6.4 nM.
  33. Smurf1 inhibitor

    Smurf1-IN-A01 (A01) is an ubiquitin ligase Smad ubiquitination regulatory factor-1 (Smurf1) inhibitor with a kd of 3.664 nM, which increases BMP-2 responsiveness by inhibiting Smurf1-mediated Smad1/5 degradation.
  34. ACE inhibitor

    Imidaprilate is an active metabolite of TA-6366, acts as a potent angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, with an IC50 of 2.6 nM, and is used in the research of hypertensive disease.
  35. androgen receptor/CYP17A1 dual inhibitor

    ODM-204 is novel nonsteroidal dual inhibitor of both androgen receptor and CYP17A1 enzyme, with IC50s of 80 nM and 22 nM, respectively.

  36. ACE inhibitor

    H-Val-Pro-Pro-OH, a milk-derived proline peptides derivative, is an inhibitor of Angiotensin I converting enzyme (ACE), with an IC50 of 9 μM.
  37. RORγt inhibitor

    S18-000003 is a potent orally bioavailable retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor-gamma-t (RORγt) inhibitor with an IC50 of 29 nM. S18-000003 inhibits IL-17 production.
  38. Renin inhibitor

    VTP-27999 2,2,2-trifluoroacetate is an alkyl amine Renin inhibitor; VTP-27999 is useful for Hypertension and End-Organ Diseases.
  39. Enkephalin-degrading and ACE inhibitor

    Spinorphin is an endogenous factor that exhibits inhibitory effects on enkephalin-degrading enzymes.
  40. LXRα inhibitor

    (20S)-Protopanaxatriol is a metabolite of ginsenoside, works through the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and oestrogen receptor (ER), and is also a LXRα inhibitor. (20S)-Protopanaxatriol shows a broad spectrum of antitumor effects.
  41. ACE2 inhibitor

    MLN-4760 is an angiotensin-converting (ACE2) inhibitor. In huMNCs, MLN-4760-B detected 63% ACE2 with 28-fold selectivity over ACE.
  42. RORγt inhibitor

    AGN-242428, also known as VTP-43742, is a potent, selective and orally active RORγt inhibitor for the treatment of autoimmune disorders, including multiple sclerosis and psoriasis.
  43. Androgen Receptor Inhibitor

    SC428 is a selective androgen receptor (AR) inhibitor that targets the N-terminal domain, effectively reducing the transactivation of various isoforms including AR-V7, AR-v567es, and full-length AR (AR-FL) along with its LBD mutants. This compound inhibits the nuclear translocation, chromatin binding, and subsequent transcription of AR-regulated genes in response to androgens. Additionally, SC428 demonstrates significant anti-proliferative effects on tumor cells in vitro and promotes apoptosis in vivo, particularly in mice bearing 22RV1 xenografts. Its application in cancer research highlights its potential utility in targeting androgen-dependent tumors.
  44. ERα Inhibitor

    Isocurcumenol is an estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) inhibitor derived from the rhizomes of Curcuma zedoaria. It demonstrates significant anti-tumor activity, exhibiting IC50 values of 99.1 μg/mL in Dalton's lymphoma ascites (DLA) cells and 178.2 μg/mL in KB cells. This compound has potential applications in cancer research, particularly in exploring targeted therapies for hormone-dependent tumors.
  45. GR/IL-6 Inhibitor

    Glucocorticoid receptor/IL-6-IN-1 is a selective dual inhibitor that targets both the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and the IL-6 signaling pathway, demonstrating IC50 values of 120 nM and 59 nM, respectively. This compound effectively inhibits IL-6-induced phosphorylation of JAK/STAT3, thereby blocking the transcription of inflammatory cytokines. Glucocorticoid receptor/IL-6-IN-1 is a valuable tool for investigating inflammatory diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis and asthma.
  46. Renin Inhibitor

    Aliskiren fumarate is a potent and selective renin inhibitor with an IC50 of 1.5 nM. It is primarily utilized in research related to hypertension and cardiovascular diseases, as well as cancer cachexia. Its mechanism of action involves the inhibition of renin, a key enzyme in the regulation of blood pressure, making it an important tool for studying these conditions.
  47. Renin Inhibitor

    Aliskiren hydrochloride is a potent and selective renin inhibitor, exhibiting an IC50 of 1.5 nM. This compound is widely used in the study of hypertension and cardiovascular diseases, as well as in research related to cancer cachexia. Its ability to modulate renin activity makes it a valuable tool for exploring the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying these conditions.
  48. HGPRT Inhibitor

    8-Azahypoxanthine is a purine analog that functions as an inhibitor of hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HGPRT). This compound demonstrates antitumor activity, making it a valuable tool in cancer research, particularly for studying adenocarcinoma and other tumor types. Its ability to inhibit HGPRT may provide insights into the mechanisms of tumor growth and potential therapeutic strategies.
  49. GR/IL-6 Inhibitor

    Glucocorticoid receptor/IL-6-IN-2 is a selective dual inhibitor targeting the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and the IL-6 signaling pathway, with IC50 values of 40 nM and 19 nM, respectively. This compound has demonstrated significant potential in inhibiting inflammatory responses, making it a valuable tool for research into inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and asthma. Its unique mechanism of action allows for exploration of therapeutic strategies aimed at modulating immune responses and mitigating chronic inflammation.
  50. Androgen Receptor Inhibitor

    Androgen receptor-IN-7 is a potent inhibitor of the androgen receptor (AR), demonstrating significant anticancer activity against PC-3 (IC50 = 370.37 nM) and LNCaP cell lines through both AR-dependent and AR-independent mechanisms. This compound induces reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in PC-3 cells, highlighting its potential role in oncological studies. Androgen receptor-IN-7 is useful for research focused on prostate cancer and related therapeutic strategies.

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