Endocrinology-Hormones

Small molecules play a pivotal role in Endocrinology Research. These are low molecular weight compounds that have a significant impact on the endocrine system, hormones, and their receptors. Here are some key aspects of how small molecules are involved in this field:

  • Hormone Mimetics and Inhibitors: Small molecules are used to develop synthetic compounds that mimic the actions of hormones or inhibit their effects. For example, drugs like metformin for diabetes management and selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) for breast cancer treatment are used to either mimic or block hormonal activity.
  • Receptor Modulation: Small molecules can bind to hormone receptors and modulate their activity. This is crucial in developing drugs that target specific hormone receptors, like the use of small molecule agonists and antagonists to regulate thyroid hormone receptors.
  • Metabolism Regulation: Endocrinology research often focuses on metabolism and how hormones like insulin regulate it. Small molecules are employed to understand and develop drugs targeting enzymes involved in metabolism, such as glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) agonists for diabetes treatment.
  • Steroid Hormone Production: Small molecules may be utilized to influence the production of steroid hormones in the adrenal glands or gonads. This is essential for conditions like Cushing's syndrome or polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).
  • Hormone Assays: In laboratory research, small molecules are used as tracers or markers in hormone assays. For instance, small molecule fluorophores can be attached to antibodies to detect hormone levels in blood samples.

Drug Development: Endocrinology research relies on small molecules as potential drug candidates. Researchers design and test small molecules for their effectiveness in modulating hormonal pathways, with the goal of developing new therapies for endocrine disorders.
In summary, small molecules are indispensable tools in Endocrinology Research, enabling scientists to better understand the endocrine system's intricacies and develop novel treatments for a wide range of hormonal disorders and conditions. Their versatility and specificity make them valuable assets in advancing our knowledge of endocrinology and improving patient care.


Endocrinology Disease Products


Endocrinology Research Products

Kisspeptin Receptor

Leptin Receptors

Melanocortin (MC) Receptors

Mineralocorticoid Receptors

Ghrelin Receptors

Natriuretic Peptide Receptors

NPY Receptors

Motilin Receptor

PTH Receptor

Items 301-350 of 1754

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Catalog No.
Product Name
Application
Product Information
Citations
  1. progesterone receptor agonist

    Nestoron is a 19-norprogesterone derivative and steroidal progestin which is used as a hormonal contraceptive; a high-affinity agonist of the progesterone receptor.
  2. TRβ agonist

    Sobetirome is a thyroid hormone receptor β (TRβ)-specific agonist, Sobetirome is designed to bind selectively to TRβ-1 with EC50 of 0.16 μM.
  3. ROR agonist

    SR1078 is an agonist of retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptors (ROR) RORα/γ; increases transcription of RORα target genes; thought to increase p53 stability.
  4. RORα agonist

    SR3335 is a selective RORα synthetic ligand, directly binds to RORα, but not other RORs, and functions as a selective partial inverse agonist of RORα in cell-based assays.
  5. Progesterone receptor agonist

    Tanaproget is a novel nonsteroidal progesterone receptor agonist which can bind to the PR from various species with a higher relative affinity than reference steroidal progestins.
  6. Estrogen receptor modulator

    Toremifene is a second-generation selective estrogen-receptor modulator (SERM) in development for the prevention of osteoporosis.
  7. Renin inhibitor

    VTP-27999 2,2,2-trifluoroacetate is an alkyl amine Renin inhibitor; VTP-27999 is useful for Hypertension and End-Organ Diseases.
  8. Enkephalin-degrading and ACE inhibitor

    Spinorphin is an endogenous factor that exhibits inhibitory effects on enkephalin-degrading enzymes.
  9. GPR139 agonist

    JNJ 63533054 is a potent and selective GPR139 agonist with EC50 value of 16nm.
  10. GPR119 agonist

    APD597 is a GPR119 agonist intended for the treatment of type 2 diabetes, with EC50 of 46 nM for hGPR119.
  11. hERG1 potassium channel activator

    KB130015 is a novel activator of hERG1 potassium channels, blocking native and recombinant hERG1 channels at high voltages, but activating them at low voltages.
  12. GPR84 agonist

    6-OAU is a surrogate agonist of GPR84; activates human GPR84 in the presence of Gqi5 chimera in HEK293 cells with an EC50 of 105 nM in the PI assay.
  13. LXRα inhibitor

    (20S)-Protopanaxatriol is a metabolite of ginsenoside, works through the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and oestrogen receptor (ER), and is also a LXRα inhibitor. (20S)-Protopanaxatriol shows a broad spectrum of antitumor effects.
  14. SERD/SERM

    RAD1901 is an orally available, selective estrogen receptor degrader (SERD) and selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM), with potential antineoplastic and estrogen-like activities.
  15. GnRH agonist

    Triptorelin is a gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRH agonist) used as the acetate or pamoate salts.
  16. Versipelostatin is a novel GRP78/Bip molecular chaperone down-regulator of microbial origin that was isolated from the metabolite of Streptomyces versipellis strain 4083-SVS6.
  17. PXR agonist

    SR-12813 is a pregnane X receptor (PXR) agonist.
  18. progesterone receptor ligand

    Hydroxyprogesterone caproate is a synthetic, steroidal progestin; an ester derivative of 17?α-hydroxyprogesterone formed from caproic acid.
  19. Protirelin is a thyrotropin-releasing hormone receptor used to treat hypothyroidism.
  20. Progesterone Receptor Agonist

    Desogestrel is a synthetic progestational hormone used often as the progestogenic component of combined oral contraceptive agents.
  21. GPR139 antagonist

    NCRW0005-F05, first antagonist selective for GPR139 (IC50 value 0.21 uM); a useful tool to study GPR139 pharmacology, especially in combination with the GPR139 agonist JNJ 63533054.
  22. RORγ modulator

    RORγ modulator 1 is a retinoid-related orphan receptor gamma (RORy) modulator, extracted from patent WO/2015061515 A1, example 124.
  23. Endoxifen (E-isomer hydrochloride) is a tamoxifen metabolite and potent Selective Estrogen Response Modifier (SERM).
  24. angiotensin II receptor type 1 antagonist

    Azilsartan medoxomil is an orally administered angiotensin II receptor type 1 antagonist with IC50 of 0.62 nM, which used in the treatment of adults with essential hypertension.
  25. Chlormadinone acetate is a steroidal progestin with additional antiandrogen and antigonadotropic effects, used often in combinations as an oral contraceptive.
  26. Chlorotrianisene is a synthetic, non-steroidal estrogen.
  27. Deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA) is a corticosteroid.
  28. glucocorticoid receptor agonist

    Dexamethasone acetate (Dexamethasone 21-acetate) is a glucocorticoid receptor agonist.
  29. GPR35/CXCR8 agonist

    Kynurenic acid, an endogenous tryptophan metabolite, is a broad-spectrum antagonist targeting NMDA, glutamate, α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. Kynurenic acid is also an agonist of GPR35/CXCR8.
  30. MI-136 inhibits DHT-induced expression of androgen receptor (AR) target genes.
  31. selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM)

    Tamoxifen (ICI 47699) is a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) which blocks estrogen action in breast cells and can activate estrogen activity in other cells, such as bone, liver, and uterine cells.
  32. Vitamin D2 (Ergocalciferol) is a form of vitamin D, used as a vitamin D supplement.
  33. GPR55 antagonist

    CID16020046 is a selective GPR55 antagonist, inhibiting GPR55 constitutive activity with IC50 of 0.15 μM in yeast. It demonstrates weak activity against a broad spectrum of other GPCRs, ion channels, kinases, and nuclear receptor.
  34. RORγ agonist

    LYC-55716 is novel oral RAR-related orphan receptor γ (RORγ) agonist.
  35. androgen receptor modulator (SARM)

    LY2452473 is an orally bioavailable selective androgen receptor modulator (SARM), with potential tissue-selective androgenic/anti-androgenic activity.
  36. ACE2 inhibitor

    MLN-4760 is an angiotensin-converting (ACE2) inhibitor. In huMNCs, MLN-4760-B detected 63% ACE2 with 28-fold selectivity over ACE.
  37. Aldosterone Receptor Antagonist

    Esaxerenone, also known as CS-3150, XL-550, is a nonsteroidal antimineralocorticoid that acts as a highly selective silent antagonist of the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR), the receptor for aldosterone, with greater than 1,000-fold selectivity for this receptor over other steroid hormone receptors, and 4-fold and 76-fold higher affinity for the MR relative to the existing antimineralocorticoids spironolactone and eplerenone.
  38. RORγt inhibitor

    AGN-242428, also known as VTP-43742, is a potent, selective and orally active RORγt inhibitor for the treatment of autoimmune disorders, including multiple sclerosis and psoriasis.
  39. synthetic glucocorticoid receptor agonist

    Methylprednisolone succinate is a synthetic glucocorticoid and widely used as an anti-inflammatory agent.
  40. ER antagonist

    Fulvestrant S enantiomer is the S enantiomer of Fulvestrant. Fulvestrant is a selective estrogen receptor (ER) antagonist which can be used to treat breast cancer.
  41. FAA1 agonist

    FAA1 agonist-1 is a potent free fatty acid receptor 1 (FFA1/ GPR40) agonist with a pEC50 of 7.54.
  42. EBI2 (GPR183) receptor antagonist

    NIBR189 is a small molecule antagonist of the Epstein-Barr virus-induced gene 2 (EBI2; GPR183) receptor with IC50 of 16 nM(Binding) and 11 nM (Functional).
  43. Androgen Receptor antagonist

    EPI-001 is an antagonist of the androgen receptor (AR) that acts by binding covalently to the N-terminal domain (NTD) of the AR and blocking protein-protein interactions required for transcriptional activity of the AR and its splice variants (IC50 for inhibition of AR NTD transactivation ?? 6 μM)
  44. estrogen receptor downregulator and antagonist

    AZD9496 is a potent and orally bioavailable selective estrogen receptor downregulator and antagonist.
  45. Estrogen receptor degrader

    Brilanestrant (GDC-0810, ARN-810??? is a potent ER-α binder (ER-α, IC50 = 6.1 nM; ER-β, IC50 = 8.8 nM), a full transcriptional antagonist with no agonism and displays good potency and efficacy in ER-α degradation (EC50 = 0.7 nM) and MCF-7 breast cancer cell viability (IC50 = 2.5 nM) assays with good selectivity over other nuclear hormone receptors.
  46. GnRH agonist

    Goserelin is a synthetic decapeptide analog of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) with antineoplastic activity.
  47. Androgen Receptor Inhibitor

    SC428 is a selective androgen receptor (AR) inhibitor that targets the N-terminal domain, effectively reducing the transactivation of various isoforms including AR-V7, AR-v567es, and full-length AR (AR-FL) along with its LBD mutants. This compound inhibits the nuclear translocation, chromatin binding, and subsequent transcription of AR-regulated genes in response to androgens. Additionally, SC428 demonstrates significant anti-proliferative effects on tumor cells in vitro and promotes apoptosis in vivo, particularly in mice bearing 22RV1 xenografts. Its application in cancer research highlights its potential utility in targeting androgen-dependent tumors.
  48. Androgen Receptor PROTAC Degrader

    PROTAC AR Degrader-8 is an androgen receptor (AR) PROTAC degrader that effectively induces degradation of full-length AR (AR-FL) with DC50 values of 0.018 μM in 22Rv1 cells and 0.14 μM in LNCaP cells, as well as degrading the AR-V7 variant with a DC50 of 0.026 μM in 22Rv1 cells. This compound exhibits potent inhibition of cancer cell proliferation, with IC50 values of 0.038 μM and 1.11 μM in 22Rv1 and LNCaP cells, respectively. PROTAC AR Degrader-8 induces G2/M cell cycle arrest and promotes apoptosis in 22Rv1 cells, demonstrating significant anticancer efficacy in both murine and zebrafish models. It is a valuable tool for investigating mechanisms underlying prostate cancer and castration-resistant prostate cancer.
  49. ERα/ERβ AModulator

    Ferutinin, a natural terpenoid compound, modulates estrogen receptors ERα and ERβ, acting as an agonist with an IC50 of 33.1 nM for ERα and exhibiting antagonist properties with an IC50 of 180.5 nM for ERβ. This compound enhances calcium permeability in lipid bilayer membranes and mitochondria, functioning as an electrogenic Ca2+-ionophore. Ferutinin displays a range of biological activities including estrogenic, antitumor, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory effects, making it a valuable tool for research in cancer biology, hormonal regulation, and inflammation pathways.
  50. PROTAC ERα Degrader

    PROTAC ERα Degrader-4 is a selective degrader targeting estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) through the PROTAC mechanism. It exhibits potent inhibitory activity with a Ki value of 5.08 μM, effectively leading to the degradation of ERα in both Tamoxifen-sensitive and resistant ER+ breast cancer cells, as well as in ERα-mutated breast cancer cell lines. Additionally, PROTAC ERα Degrader-4 induces apoptosis, making it a valuable tool for cancer research aimed at understanding and combating ERα-driven malignancies.

Items 301-350 of 1754

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