Immunology & Inflammation

Items 1751-1800 of 3395

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  1. Arginase Inhibitor

    NED-3238 is a potent inhibitor of arginase I and II, exhibiting IC50 values of 1.3 nM and 8.1 nM, respectively. This compound is valuable in research focused on metabolic regulation and immune modulation, facilitating studies related to cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and inflammation. Its high specificity and potency make it a suitable tool for investigating arginine metabolism and its implications in various biological processes.
  2. Arginase Inhibitor

    (-)-3-O-Acetylcatechin is an arginase inhibitor that demonstrates significant activity against Leishmania amazonensis, with an IC50 value of 3.7 μM. This compound serves as a valuable tool for investigating leishmaniasis and studying arginase-related metabolic pathways in parasitic infections. Its application in biochemical research may contribute to the development of therapeutic strategies for managing leishmaniasis.
  3. BEC

    Arginase Inhibitor

    BEC is a competitive inhibitor of the binuclear manganese metalloenzyme arginase, functioning as an arginine analogue with slow-binding characteristics. This compound promotes the increased availability of arginine for nitric oxide synthase, thereby facilitating nitric oxide-dependent smooth muscle relaxation in the corpus cavernosum. As a result, BEC is significant in studies related to penile erection and vascular health.
  4. Arginase Inhibitor

    NG-Hydroxy-L-arginine acetate is a selective arginase inhibitor that participates in modulating the nitric oxide pathway. By interfering with the conversion of arginine to citrulline, it facilitates increased nitric oxide production via nitric oxide synthase. This compound is valuable in research related to cardiovascular health, neurobiology, and inflammation, where nitric oxide signaling plays a critical role.
  5. WNT7A Inhibitor/Photosensitizer

    WNT7A-IN-1 is a WNT7A inhibitor that disrupts the interaction between WNT7A and its receptor FZD5, leading to the upregulation of MHC-I expression. This compound enhances the expression of MHC-I and phosphorylated p65 while decreasing the levels of active β-catenin. Additionally, WNT7A-IN-1 serves as a photosensitizer in the green spectral region, making it valuable for research in cancer immunotherapy and photodynamic therapy applications.
  6. COX-2 Inhibitor

    APHS is a selective and covalent inhibitor of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) that exerts neuroprotective effects. By acetylating serine 516 in the active site of COX-2, APHS effectively inhibits prostaglandin production, which is often upregulated in colorectal cancer. In addition to its role as a COX-2 inhibitor, APHS also co-inhibits the WNT signaling pathway, contributing to its anti-tumor mechanisms. This compound is valuable for research into cancer biology and neuroprotection.
  7. 5-LO/COX-2/DPP-4 Inhibitor

    Timosaponin A1 is a natural steroidal saponin that acts as an inhibitor of 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4), with IC50 values of 3.29 µM, 36.43 µM, and 33.25 µM, respectively. This compound exhibits anti-inflammatory properties and is relevant for research on conditions such as asthma and diabetes. Its inhibitory effects on key enzymes involved in inflammatory pathways make it a valuable tool for exploring therapeutic strategies in related biological studies.
  8. NRF2 Activator

    BC-1901S is a proteasome-independent activator and stabilizer of NRF2. It functions by binding to DCAF1, an E3 ligase subunit, disrupting the NRF2/DCAF1 interaction, and inhibiting NRF2 ubiquitination through a KEAP1-independent pathway. BC-1901S demonstrates anti-inflammatory effects in murine models of LPS-induced acute lung injury, making it a valuable tool for research into NRF2-related pathways and inflammation.
  9. IKZF Degrader

    BMS-986482 is a CRBN-mediated IKZF degrader that selectively targets the IKZF1-4 protein family. Its unique CELMoD™ core facilitates the degradation of these proteins, leading to impaired tumor growth as demonstrated in preclinical mouse models. This compound is particularly valuable for research focused on advanced solid tumors, providing insights into therapeutic strategies that disrupt IKZF protein function.
  10. Anti-Inflammatory Agent

    Comanthoside B is a flavonoid glycoside derived from the aerial parts of Ruellia tuberosa L. It exhibits significant anti-inflammatory and antiseptic properties, making it a valuable reagent for studies focused on inflammation-related pathways. Its biological activity supports its use in exploring therapeutic strategies for inflammatory conditions.
  11. Anti-inflammatory agent

    Hentriacontane is a long-chain alkane that acts as an anti-inflammatory agent by inhibiting the NF-κB signaling pathway. Its bioactivity encompasses not only anti-inflammatory effects but also antitumor and antibacterial properties. This compound is valuable for research applications focused on inflammation modulation, cancer biology, and antimicrobial studies.
  12. Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Agent

    Oxyphenbutazone monohydrate is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent that functions as a non-selective inhibitor of cyclooxygenase (COX). It exhibits significant anti-inflammatory properties, making it a valuable reagent in pharmacological research. Additionally, Oxyphenbutazone monohydrate has been shown to selectively target and eliminate non-replicating Mycobacterium tuberculosis, highlighting its potential in tuberculosis research and therapy development.
  13. Anti-inflammatory Agent

    5'-Methoxynobiletin is a polymethoxyflavone that acts as a potent anti-inflammatory agent. Isolated from A. conyzoides, this compound exhibits significant antinociceptive properties, making it valuable for research focused on pain management and inflammation. Its efficacy in modulating inflammatory pathways positions it as an important tool for scientists investigating anti-inflammatory mechanisms and therapeutic applications.
  14. Anti-inflammatory compound

    Batatasin I is an anti-inflammatory compound derived from the tuberous roots of Dioscorea batatas. This natural product exhibits notable antifungal activity and has been shown to modulate inflammatory processes. Batatasin I is applicable in research focused on inflammatory diseases and may serve as a lead compound for the development of new therapeutic agents in this area.
  15. Anti-inflammatory Agent

    Methylarbutin functions as an anti-inflammatory agent, demonstrating significant anti-inflammatory properties. It has been shown to possess urinary antiseptic activity, making it a useful compound in research focused on inflammatory conditions and urinary tract health. Methylarbutin can be utilized in studies aimed at elucidating mechanisms involved in inflammation and infection.
  16. Anti-inflammatory/immunomodulator

    Isozaluzanin C is a dehydrozaluzanin C derivative that acts as an anti-inflammatory agent and immunomodulator. Isolated from Saussurea lappa, it has demonstrated the ability to ameliorate tissue damage in various organs, including the lung, kidney, and liver, in murine models of LPS-induced or CRKP infection. This compound is valuable for research on bacterial infections and sepsis, providing insights into the mechanisms underlying inflammatory responses.
  17. iNOS Inhibitor

    Myricadenin A is an inhibitor of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), demonstrating effective inhibition of nitric oxide production with an EC₅₀ value of 18.1 μM. Additionally, it exhibits moderate ABTS free radical scavenging activity (SC₅₀ = 175.4 μM) and shows weak antibacterial activity against tuberculosis (MIC = 80.0 μg/mL). Myricadenin A is suitable for studies focused on inflammation and oxidative stress.
  18. iNOS/COX-2 Inhibitor

    Ermanin is a flavonoid extracted from Tanacetum microphyllum, known for its potent inhibitory effects on inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). Its biological activities include anti-inflammatory, anti-tuberculous, and anti-viral/bacterial properties, making it a valuable reagent in research related to inflammation and infectious diseases. Ermanin is useful for exploring the pathways associated with nitric oxide production and prostaglandin synthesis in various biological contexts.
  19. LCMV Glycoprotein Peptides Frgment

    LCMV gp33-41 is a peptide fragment derived from the glycoprotein of the lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV), specifically a carboxyl-extended 9-amino acid sequence. This peptide is restricted by MHC class I H-2Db molecules, facilitating its recognition and presentation to cytotoxic T lymphocytes. LCMV gp33-41 is pivotal for immunological research applications, including the study of T cell responses and viral pathogenesis.
  20. STING Agonist

    c-di-AMP disodium is a cyclic dinucleotide serving as a STING agonist, which interacts with the STING protein to activate the TBK1-IRF3 signaling pathway. This activation leads to the production of type I interferons and tumor necrosis factor, playing a pivotal role in the immune response. In addition to its function in immune modulation, c-di-AMP is a bacterial second messenger that regulates various physiological processes in Gram-positive bacteria, including growth and virulence. Its properties also make it an effective mucosal adjuvant for enhancing both humoral and cellular immune responses in research applications.
  21. Exotoxin

    LLO (91-99), a peptide derived from the exotoxin listeriolysin O, acts as a class I MHC-restricted T-cell epitope. This peptide is processed by antigen-presenting cells, binding to MHC class I molecules to elicit cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses. LLO (91-99) is instrumental in research focused on Listeria infections, such as listeriosis, by facilitating the clearance of Listeria from infected cells.
  22. COX Inhibitor

    α-Spinasterol is a selective inhibitor of cyclooxygenase enzymes COX-1 and COX-2, exhibiting IC50 values of 16.17 μM and 7.76 μM, respectively. This compound demonstrates a range of biological activities, including antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antidepressant, and antioxidant effects. Furthermore, it can effectively cross the blood-brain barrier and has shown potential in improving diabetes in murine models, making it a valuable tool for research in inflammatory disorders and neurological conditions.
  23. Immunoactive Peptide

    ESAT6 Epitope is an immunoactive peptide derived from the early secreted antigen target gene 6 (ESAT6), specifically designed to bind with high affinity to major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I, exhibiting an IC50 of 180 nM. This epitope plays a crucial role in enhancing BCG-induced cellular immunity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It is valuable in studies focused on T cell-mediated immune responses and tuberculosis vaccine development.
  24. Immunosuppressant/Anti-inflammatory Agent

    Umirolimus is a macrocyclic triene lactone derivative of Rapamycin that functions as a potent immunosuppressant and anti-inflammatory agent. Its high lipophilicity enhances its efficacy in targeted drug delivery systems, making it suitable for use in drug-eluting stents (DES). Umirolimus is utilized in various research applications focused on transplantation, cardiovascular interventions, and inflammatory disease models.
  25. Anti-inflammatory Agent

    Scutellarein tetramethyl ether (4',5,6,7-Tetramethoxyflavone) primarily functions as an anti-inflammatory agent. This bioactive compound, derived from Eupatorium odoratum, demonstrates significant anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, pro-coagulant, and anti-tumor properties. It modulates the NF-κB signaling pathway to exert its anti-inflammatory effects and enhances coagulation time through the endogenous coagulation pathway. Additionally, Scutellarein tetramethyl ether has been shown to inhibit the proliferation of HepG2 liver cancer cells, with an IC50 value of 20.08 μg/mL, making it relevant for cancer research and therapeutic studies.
  26. Anti-Inflammatory Agent

    Ramifenazone, a pyrazole derivative, functions as a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) primarily through the inhibition of cyclooxygenase enzymes, leading to reduced prostaglandin synthesis. It exhibits significant analgesic, antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial activities, making it valuable for various research applications in inflammation and pain management studies. Its multifaceted properties support its use in investigating therapeutic approaches for inflammatory diseases and related conditions.
  27. Anti-inflammatory Agent

    2′-Hydroxygenistein is an anti-inflammatory compound derived from the natural sources Crotalaria pallida and C. assamica. It demonstrates concentration-dependent inhibitory effects on the release of β-glucuronidase and lysozyme from rat neutrophils, exhibiting IC50 values of 5.9 ± 1.4 μM and 9.7 ± 3.5 μM, respectively. This compound serves as a valuable tool for research applications in inflammation studies and the modulation of immune responses.
  28. COX-1/2 Inhibitor

    2-(p-Tolyl)propanoic acid is a selective inhibitor of COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes, displaying IC50 values of 38.23 μM and 64.30 μM, respectively. This compound exhibits antimicrobial properties and is relevant for research on bacterial pathogens such as Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, Listeria monocytogenes, and Staphylococcus aureus. Its mechanism of action positions it as a valuable tool for investigating inflammatory processes and antimicrobial resistance in various biological studies.
  29. Antibiotic Agent

    Cloxacillin sodium is a β-lactam antibiotic and a potent β-lactamase inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.04 µM. It exhibits significant antibacterial activity, particularly against Staphylococcus aureus, and can effectively attenuate the S. aureus-induced inflammatory response by inhibiting the activation of MAPK, NF-κB, and NLRP3-related proteins. This compound is relevant for research in antimicrobial resistance and inflammation pathways.
  30. Anti-inflammatory/Antimicrobial Agent

    Myricetin 3-O-glucoside, a flavonol derived from Tibouchina paratropica and Hakmeitau beans, primarily functions as an anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial agent. This compound demonstrates notable anti-Leishmanial activity, making it a valuable tool for studying inflammatory pathways and infectious diseases in research. Its diverse biological properties contribute to investigations in pharmacology and natural product chemistry.
  31. Antiviral/Anti-inflammatory Agent

    Retusin, also known as Quercetin-3,3',4',7-tetramethylether, is a natural compound derived from the leaves of Talinum triangulare. It exhibits antiviral and anti-inflammatory properties, making it a valuable reagent for research into viral infections and inflammatory conditions. This compound’s dual activity supports investigations aimed at elucidating the mechanisms underlying viral pathogenesis and the inflammatory response.
  32. Anti-inflammatory Agent

    Morelloflavone is an anti-inflammatory agent that exhibits significant antioxidative and antiviral properties. This compound has been shown to modulate inflammatory pathways, making it valuable for research into inflammatory diseases and potential therapeutic applications. Its diverse biological activities make Morelloflavone a relevant candidate for studies focused on oxidative stress and inflammation-related mechanisms.
  33. Antibacterial Agent

    Cloxacillin is an orally active antibacterial agent and β-lactamase inhibitor, exhibiting an IC50 of 0.04 µM. It effectively suppresses the inflammatory response induced by Staphylococcus aureus by inhibiting the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), and proteins associated with the NLRP3 inflammasome. This compound is useful for research applications focused on bacterial infections and inflammatory processes.
  34. COX1/2 Inhibitor

    Indomethacin sodium is a potent inhibitor of cyclooxygenase enzymes COX-1 and COX-2, exhibiting IC50 values of 18 nM and 26 nM, respectively. This compound demonstrates significant anticancer and anti-infective properties, making it valuable in various biological research applications. Indomethacin sodium is essential for investigating mechanisms related to cancer treatment, inflammation, and viral infections.
  35. Nrf2 Activator

    Ginnalin A, a potent Nrf2 activator, demonstrates significant antiproliferative activity against HCT116, SW480, and SW620 cancer cell lines, with IC50 values of 24.8, 22.0, and 39.7 μM, respectively. This compound induces S phase arrest in cancer cells and activates the p62-Keap1-Nrf2 signaling pathway, leading to the upregulation of mRNA and protein expressions of key protective markers such as Nrf2, HO-1, and NQO1. Additionally, Ginnalin A promotes the translocation of Nrf2 from the cytoplasm to the nucleus, making it a valuable tool for research into colon cancer mechanisms and potential therapies.
  36. K67

    Keap1/S349-p-p62 Interaction Inhibitor

    K67 is a selective inhibitor targeting the interaction between Keap1 and S349 phosphorylated p62, with an IC50 of 1.5 μM. This compound demonstrates a weaker inhibitory effect on the Keap1-Nrf2 interaction (IC50 of 6.2 μM) and functions by competitively binding to Keap1's binding site, disrupting the aberrant activation of the p62-dependent Nrf2 pathway. K67 has been shown to inhibit tumor cell proliferation and increase the sensitivity of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells to chemotherapeutic agents by restoring Keap1-mediated ubiquitination and subsequent degradation of Nrf2. This makes K67 a valuable tool for investigating therapeutic strategies in cancer research.
  37. Anti-Inflammatory Agent

    Triptohypol C is a Tripterin derivative that functions as a potent anti-inflammatory agent by specifically targeting Nur77. It exhibits a Kd value of 0.87 μM, facilitating the modulation of inflammatory responses through enhanced interactions between Nur77 and TRAF2 as well as p62/SQSTM1. This compound is valuable for research applications focusing on inflammation and related signaling pathways.
  38. AUTAC Ligand

    TSPO ligand-3 serves as a ligand for AUTAC2, which features a p-fluorobenzylguanine (FBnG) moiety alongside a synthetic FKBP ligand (SLF). This compound exhibits notable biological activity by significantly silencing FKBP12 in HeLa cells. Research applications include studying targeted protein degradation and investigating the mechanistic pathways of autophagy-related and intracellular degradation processes.
  39. iNOS/ PKC-θ Dual Inhibitor

    (Rac)-Anemonin is a dual inhibitor targeting inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and protein kinase C theta (PKC-θ). It selectively inhibits iNOS while also reducing the stability of the PKC-θ protein, showcasing significant biological activity. Research indicates that (Rac)-Anemonin can alleviate symptoms in dextran sodium sulfate-induced acute ulcerative colitis in murine models, making it valuable for studying inflammation-related diseases.
  40. iNOS/ PKC-θ Dual Inhibitor

    Anemonin is a dual inhibitor targeting inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and protein kinase C theta (PKC-θ). This compound significantly reduces the translation and enhances the protein stability of PKC-θ, demonstrating potent anti-inflammatory effects. Anemonin has been shown to alleviate symptoms of dextran sodium sulfate-induced acute ulcerative colitis in murine models, making it a valuable tool for researching inflammation-related diseases.
  41. PAD4 Inhibitor

    GSK484 is a selective inhibitor of peptidylarginine deiminase 4 (PAD4), effectively blocking the enzyme's catalytic activity to inhibit protein citrullination and neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation. This compound demonstrates anti-inflammatory properties by reducing histone H3 production, modulating MHC-I expression, and inhibiting CD8+ T cell activation and proliferation. Research applications include studies on rheumatoid arthritis, sickle cell disease, myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury, and colitis, as well as investigations into intestinal microbial homeostasis and ferroptosis-related dysbiosis.
  42. PAD4 Inhibitor

    JBI-589 is a non-covalent inhibitor selectively targeting the PAD4 isoform. This compound effectively reduces CXCR2 expression and inhibits neutrophil chemotaxis, making it instrumental in the study of inflammatory processes. JBI-589 demonstrates potential in diminishing primary tumors and metastases while enhancing the efficacy of checkpoint inhibitors. It is suitable for various applications in cancer research.
  43. HLA-A*0201 Stabilizer

    ELTLGEFLKL is a survivin-derived peptide that functions as a stabilizer of HLA-A*0201. This peptide demonstrates significant enhancement of HLA-A*0201 stability, making it a valuable tool in the study of tumor immunotherapy. ELTLGEFLKL can be employed in research focused on optimizing immune responses against cancer through modulation of peptide-MHC interactions.
  44. CCR3 Antagonist

    SB-328437 is a selective non-peptide antagonist of the CCR3 receptor, demonstrating an IC50 of 4.5 nM. This compound effectively inhibits eosinophil migration induced by eotaxin, eotaxin-2, and monocyte chemotactic protein-4, making it valuable in studies of allergic inflammation. Additionally, SB-328437 has shown the ability to sensitize 5-FU-resistant gastric cancer cells and reduce neutrophil recruitment to the lungs, thus mitigating pulmonary inflammation during acute inflammatory responses. Its applications extend to the investigation of various inflammation-related diseases.
  45. Anti-inflammatory and Analgesic Agent

    Deoxyartemisinin (2-Deoxyartemisinin) is an orally active anti-inflammatory and analgesic agent that selectively reduces the pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α. This compound demonstrates efficacy in alleviating various forms of pain, including neuropathic and inflammatory pain, as well as reducing croton oil-induced ear edema. Additionally, Deoxyartemisinin exhibits anti-ulcer properties, making it a valuable tool for research focused on inflammatory diseases, pain management, and gastric ulcers.
  46. TNFSF13B/BAFF/CD257 Inhibitor

    Aritinercept is a recombinant fusion protein that functions as an inhibitor of TNFSF13B (BAFF/CD257). This compound effectively neutralizes BAFF and APRIL, leading to reduced B cell proliferation and suppression of peripheral B cells, along with a decrease in serum immunoglobulins. Aritinercept has demonstrated beneficial effects in a mouse model of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) by lowering markers of renal damage, as well as reducing levels of IFNγ, IL-17A, and anti-dsDNA autoantibodies. This reagent is suitable for research focused on systemic lupus erythematosus and related autoimmune disorders.
  47. FEN1 Inhibitor

    FEN1-IN-1 is a selective inhibitor of flap endonuclease 1 (FEN1), demonstrating significant antitumor activity. It functions by binding to the active site of FEN1, with inhibition partially facilitated by the coordination of Mg2+ ions. This compound triggers a DNA damage response, subsequently activating the ATM checkpoint signaling pathway, leading to the phosphorylation of histone H2AX and the ubiquitination of FANCD2 in mammalian cells. FEN1-IN-1 is a valuable tool for cancer research, particularly in studies focused on DNA repair mechanisms and tumor progression.
  48. FEN1 Inhibitor

    FEN1-IN-SC13 is a selective inhibitor of DNA fragmentation endonuclease 1 (FEN1), pivotal in DNA replication and repair processes. This compound demonstrates significant antitumor activity by disrupting the normal functioning of FEN1, leading to impaired DNA metabolism in vitro and within cellular environments. It serves as a valuable tool for researchers investigating the mechanisms of DNA damage response and the development of cancer therapeutics.
  49. MRE11 Inhibitor

    MU1409 is a selective inhibitor of the MRE11 nuclease, exhibiting an IC50 of 12.1 μM. Additionally, MU1409 inhibits FEN1 and EXO1, with IC50 values of 24.2 μM and 176.4 μM, respectively. This compound plays a crucial role in modulating DNA repair mechanisms, particularly in BRCA2-deficient cells, by preventing the degradation of stalled replication forks. MU1409 shows promise for research focused on BRCA2 mutation-related cancers and the mechanisms of genomic instability.
  50. STING Agonist

    STING Agonist-30 is a potent agonist that activates the Stimulator of Interferon Genes (STING) pathway. This compound elicits a robust immune response and enhances STING-dependent immune activation. It demonstrates significant antiviral activity against a range of viruses, including herpes simplex virus (HSV), rotavirus, and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), making it valuable for research in antiviral therapies and immune modulation.

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