Neuronal Signaling

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  1. Cholinesterase (ChE) Inhibitor

    Dihydrowithaferin A is a withanolide derived from Withania somnifera, acting primarily as an acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor. This compound demonstrates significant biological activity by modulating cholinergic transmission, making it useful in research related to neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease. Its ability to inhibit AChE positions Dihydrowithaferin A as a valuable tool in the exploration of therapeutic approaches targeting cholinergic dysfunction.
  2. AChE Inhibitor

    (S)-Donepezil is an S-enantiomer of Donepezil, serving as a specific and potent inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase (AChE). This compound enhances cholinergic neurotransmission by preventing the degradation of acetylcholine, making it a valuable tool in neuropharmacological research. It is primarily utilized in studies related to neurodegenerative diseases, particularly Alzheimer's disease, where modulation of AChE activity is of significant interest.
  3. AChE Inhibitor

    AChE-IN-23 is a potent acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor, demonstrating an IC50 value of 48.3 μM. This compound effectively inhibits the breakdown of acetylcholine, thereby enhancing cholinergic signaling. AChE-IN-23 has potential applications in research focused on neurological disorders, including Alzheimer's disease and other conditions associated with cholinergic dysfunction.
  4. Cholinesterase (ChE) Inhibitor

    Isomerazin is a coumarin compound known for its inhibitory effects on cholinesterase (ChE). This compound has demonstrated significant biological activity in the modulation of cholinergic neurotransmission, making it valuable for research into neurodegenerative diseases and cognitive disorders. Its application in studies related to Alzheimer's disease further highlights its potential as a therapeutic agent in cholinergic system-related research.
  5. Serine Hydrolase Inhibitor

    Serine Hydrolase Inhibitor-21 is a potent inhibitor of serine hydrolases, exhibiting a Ki value of 429 nM for butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE). This compound is particularly relevant for research into Alzheimer’s disease, as it may help to elucidate the role of serine hydrolase activity in neurodegeneration. Its mechanism of action may provide insights into potential therapeutic strategies for the treatment of Alzheimer's and related disorders.
  6. Neurotrophic Factor

    Glycyl-L-glutamic acid is a neurotrophic factor that plays a crucial role in the maintenance of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) content and activity. This compound does not directly influence AChE synthesis but may help prevent degeneration of preganglionic neurons. Its biological activity makes it valuable for research focused on neuroprotection and neuronal health.
  7. Stable Isotope

    Donepezil-d5 is a deuterium-labeled form of Donepezil, a potent and selective inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase (AChE). It demonstrates inhibitory activities with IC50 values of 8.12 nM for bovine AChE and 11.6 nM for human AChE. This stable isotope is valuable for pharmacokinetic studies and metabolic profiling in research related to neurodegenerative diseases, particularly Alzheimer's disease.
  8. Antioxidant

    4-Methoxyphenyl isothiocyanate primarily acts as an antioxidant, demonstrating a notable IC50 value of 1.25 mM for the scavenging of DPPH radicals. It displays significant antioxidant capacity, equivalent to 11.7 mM TE based on ORAC testing, and prolongs oxidation in the Briggs–Rauscher reaction by approximately 9180 seconds. In addition to its antioxidant properties, 4-Methoxyphenyl isothiocyanate exhibits moderate inhibitory activity against cholinesterases, with 30.4% inhibition of acetylcholinesterase and 17.9% inhibition of butyrylcholinesterase. This compound is valuable for research in antioxidative mechanisms and potential applications in addressing neurological disorders.
  9. cAMP Analog

    2'-O-Succinyl-cAMP is a cAMP analog that serves as a valuable tool for covalent coupling with acetylcholinesterase. This compound facilitates the development of tracers in classical heterogeneous competitive enzyme immunoassays, enabling precise determination of cAMP levels in various biological samples. Its utility in research applications makes it an important reagent for investigations into cellular signaling pathways and cAMP-mediated processes.
  10. Stable Isotope

    Physostigmine-d3 is the deuterated form of Physostigmine, a reversible inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase (AChE). This compound effectively crosses the blood-brain barrier, enhancing central cholinergic neurotransmission, and is utilized in research for its ability to reverse memory deficits in transgenic mouse models of Alzheimer's disease. Additionally, Physostigmine serves as an antidote for anticholinergic poisoning, making it significant for studies in neuropharmacology and toxicology.
  11. Stable Isotope

    Donepezil-d7 hydrochloride is a deuterium-labeled variant of Donepezil, a potent inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase (AChE). This compound exhibits specific inhibition with IC50 values of 8.12 nM for bovine AChE and 11.6 nM for human AChE. Donepezil-d7 hydrochloride is primarily used in chemical research to trace the metabolism and pharmacokinetics of Donepezil in various biological systems.
  12. AChE Inhibitor

    Zanapezil fumarate is a potent, reversible, and selective inhibitor of acetylcholine esterase (AChE). It exhibits significant inhibition of AChE activity in rat cerebral cortex homogenates, with an IC50 value of 51.2 nM, while also displaying moderate inhibition of muscarinic M1 and M2 receptor binding, with Ki values of 234 and 340 nM respectively. This compound is utilized in research focusing on the early stages of Alzheimer's disease, aiding in the exploration of therapeutic strategies for cognitive decline.
  13. Mitochondria Dye

    Methylene Violet 3RAX is a phenazine dye primarily targeting mitochondria for cellular staining. This reagent can alter DNA molecular structure and induce the production of reactive singlet oxygen. It also exhibits inhibitory activity against human erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and human plasma butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) with inhibition constants (Ki) of 1.58 and 0.51 µM, respectively. Methylene Violet 3RAX is valuable for researching potential photosensitizers aimed at mitochondrial targeting in photodynamic therapy (PDT).
  14. Cholinesterase Inhibitor

    Kuwanon U is a potent cholinesterase inhibitor that demonstrates effective inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), with IC50 values of 19.69 µM and 10.11 µM, and inhibition constants (Ki) of 6.48 µM and 9.59 µM, respectively. This compound shows promise for research applications concerning Alzheimer’s disease (AD), providing a valuable tool for studying cholinergic function and neurodegeneration.
  15. AChE Inhibitor

    P11149 is a competitive inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) that exhibits weak oral bioavailability and the ability to penetrate the blood-brain barrier. With an IC50 of 1.3 μM against rat butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) and AChE, P11149 displays significant cholinergic activity and behavioral efficacy. This Galanthamine derivative is primarily used in research related to Alzheimer's disease, aiding in the exploration of therapeutic strategies for cognitive impairment associated with this neurodegenerative disorder.
  16. AChE Inhibitor

    Galanthamine N-Oxide is an acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor derived from the bulbs of Zephyranthes concolor. It exhibits a potent inhibitory effect on electric eel AChE with an EC50 value of 26.2 μM. Additionally, Galanthamine N-Oxide effectively hampers substrate accommodation in the active sites of Torpedo californica AChE, human AChE, and human butyrylcholinesterase (hBChE), making it a valuable tool for research in neuropharmacology and cholinergic signaling pathways.
  17. AChE Inhibitor

    O-Desmethyl Galanthamine is an acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor with an IC50 of 1.83 μM. As a galanthamine-type alkaloid, it effectively modulates cholinergic signaling by preventing the breakdown of acetylcholine. This compound is primarily utilized in research focused on neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, where AChE inhibition is of therapeutic interest.
  18. AChE Reactivator

    Pralidoxime is a potent reactivator of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), targeting the recovery of enzyme activity inhibited by nerve agents. It functions through a direct nucleophilic attack by its oxime moiety on the phosphorus atom of the bound inhibitor, effectively reversing the effects of organophosphate poisoning. Pralidoxime is utilized in various research applications focused on neurotoxicology and antidote development.
  19. Dual MAO and AChE Inhibitor

    Ladostigil is a dual inhibitor of monoamine oxidase (MAO) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE), demonstrating IC50 values of 37.1 μM for MAO-B and 31.8 μM for AChE. This compound exhibits neuroprotective, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties, making it valuable for research in conditions such as depression and Alzheimer's disease. Additionally, Ladostigil features an alkyne functional group, enabling it to serve as a click chemistry reagent through copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAc).
  20. AChE Inhibitor

    Norneostigmine is a potent inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) with the ability to penetrate the blood-brain barrier. It demonstrates a 50% inhibition of mouse brain AChE within 10 minutes of treatment, exhibiting efficacy comparable to other known AChE inhibitors. This reagent is valuable for investigating memory disorders, including Alzheimer's disease and related cognitive impairments, facilitating research into potential therapeutic strategies.
  21. AChE Inhibitor

    Zanapezil is a potent, reversible, and selective inhibitor of acetylcholine esterase (AChE). With an IC50 of 51.2 nM in rat cerebral cortex homogenates, Zanapezil effectively inhibits AChE activity, while also demonstrating moderate inhibition of muscarinic M1 and M2 receptor binding, with Ki values of 234 nM and 340 nM, respectively. This compound serves as a valuable tool for research focused on the early stages of Alzheimer's disease (AD).
  22. BChE Inhibitor

    Broussonin A is a potent butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) inhibitor, exhibiting an IC50 of 4.16 µM. This diarylpropane natural product is derived from the bark of Broussonetia papyrifera through solid fermentation processes. Broussonin A is primarily utilized in research investigating neurodegenerative diseases and the modulation of cholinergic signaling pathways. Its inhibitory activity makes it a valuable tool for studying the role of BChE in various biological contexts.
  23. Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitor

    Osmanthuside B is an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor derived from Pseuderanthemum carruthersii (Seem.) Guill. var. atropurpureum (Bull.) Fosb. This compound exhibits weak inhibitory activity against acetylcholinesterase, making it a valuable tool for research into neurotransmission processes and potential therapeutic applications in neurodegenerative diseases. Its effects on cholinergic signaling pathways can provide insights into mechanisms of action for various biochemical studies.
  24. AChE Inhibitor

    Zanapezil free base is a potent, reversible, and selective inhibitor of acetylcholine esterase (AChE). It demonstrates significant AChE activity inhibition in homogenates of the rat cerebral cortex, with an IC50 value of 51.2 nM. Additionally, Zanapezil exhibits moderate inhibition of muscarinic M1 and M2 receptor binding, with Ki values of 234 nM and 340 nM, respectively. This compound is suitable for research focused on the early stages of Alzheimer's disease, contributing to the understanding of cholinergic dysfunction in neurodegenerative disorders.
  25. Furanocoumarins Precursor

    (±)-Marmesin is a precursor for linear furanocoumarins, which are important in various biological processes. This compound exhibits strong inhibitory activity against acetylcholinesterase, making it relevant for research in neuropharmacology and potential therapeutic applications. It serves as a valuable tool in studies investigating the modulation of cholinergic pathways and the development of related drug candidates.
  26. Cholinesterase Inhibitor

    Velnacrine maleate is an orally active cholinesterase inhibitor that targets the enzyme acetylcholinesterase, thus increasing acetylcholine levels in the brain. This compound is primarily utilized in research studying Alzheimer's disease and its associated cognitive decline. Through modulation of cholinergic neurotransmission, Velnacrine maleate provides insights into potential therapeutic strategies for neurological disorders.
  27. AChE/BChE Inhibitor

    Octahydroaminoacridine succinate is a potent inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE). This compound is primarily utilized in Alzheimer's disease research, where modulation of cholinergic activity plays a crucial role in therapeutic strategies. Its ability to effectively inhibit these enzymes makes it a valuable tool for understanding the underlying mechanisms of neurodegeneration and developing potential treatments.
  28. MAO Inhibitor

    ASS234 is a potent monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitor, targeting MAO-A and MAO-B with IC50 values of 5.2 nM and 43 nM, respectively. In addition to its primary activity, ASS234 also exhibits inhibitory effects on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE), with IC50 values of 350 nM and 460 nM, respectively. This compound can be utilized in research related to neurodegenerative diseases, mood disorders, and cholinergic signaling pathways.
  29. hAChE/hBChE Inhibitor

    SD-6 is a potent and orally active inhibitor of human acetylcholinesterase (hAChE) and human butyrylcholinesterase (hBChE), displaying IC50 values of 0.907 µM and 1.579 µM, respectively. This compound exhibits favorable blood-brain barrier permeability and is characterized by a lack of neurotoxicity. SD-6 is primarily utilized in research related to Alzheimer's disease, making it a valuable tool for investigating cholinergic signaling pathways and therapeutic strategies.
  30. BChE Inhibitor

    BChE-IN-11 is a potent and selective non-competitive inhibitor of butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), exhibiting an IC50 of 2.1 μM. This compound is primarily utilized in research related to Alzheimer's disease, where it aids in the examination of cholinergic dysfunction. Its capacity to effectively inhibit BChE makes it a valuable tool for studying disease mechanisms and potential therapeutic strategies in neurodegenerative disorders.
  31. ChE Inhibitor

    Rivastigmine carbamate impurity (3-Nitrophenyl ethyl(methyl)carbamate) is a byproduct of Rivastigmine, a potent cholinesterase (ChE) inhibitor. This compound selectively inhibits both acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), demonstrating IC50 values of 0.037 μM and 4.15 μM, respectively. Rivastigmine carbamate impurity is primarily utilized in the investigation of cholinergic system modulation and the pharmacological profiling of cholinesterase inhibitors in neurodegenerative disease research.
  32. Cholinesterase (ChE) Inhibitor

    Isorosmanol is an abietane-type diterpene that functions as an acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor. It exhibits antioxidant, neuroprotective, and neurotrophic properties, making it of interest in neurological research. Additionally, Isorosmanol has been shown to inhibit melanin synthesis, highlighting its potential applications in studies related to pigmentation and neurodegenerative diseases.
  33. AChE Inhibitor

    Leptomerine is an alkaloid derived from the stems of Esenbeckia leiocarpa Engl. that functions as an acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor. With an IC50 of 2.5 μM, it exhibits significant anticholinesterase activity, potentially contributing to therapeutic strategies for Alzheimer’s disease. This compound is valuable for research aimed at understanding cholinergic dysfunction and developing cognitive-enhancing therapies.
  34. AChE Inhibitor

    Velnacrine is a potent inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), displaying an IC50 of 3.27 μM. This compound has demonstrated the ability to reverse scopolamine-induced amnesia in rat models, highlighting its potential in cognitive research. Additionally, Velnacrine exhibits acute toxicity with an LD50 of 65 mg/kg, warranting careful handling during experimental applications.
  35. AChE/BChE Inhibitor

    AChE/BChE-IN-10 is a potent dual inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), demonstrating IC50 values of 0.176 μM and 0.47 μM, respectively. This compound exhibits favorable permeability across the blood-brain barrier and has been shown to inhibit amyloid-beta (Aβ) aggregation. AChE/BChE-IN-10 is valuable for research applications focused on Alzheimer’s disease and related neurodegenerative disorders.
  36. AChE Inhibitor

    Acacetin-7-O-β-D-galactopyranoside is a flavonoid known for its inhibitory activity against acetylcholinesterase (AChE). This compound, isolated from the flower heads of Chrysanthemum morifolium, shows potential for use in Alzheimer’s disease research. Its ability to modulate AChE activity makes it a valuable tool for studying cholinergic signaling and neurodegenerative processes.
  37. AChE Inhibitor

    Carlina oxide functions as an acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor, exhibiting significant cytotoxic properties towards various cell lines, including human dermis, HCT116, and MDA-MB231. Additionally, it demonstrates potent larvicidal activity against Culex pipiens larvae, with an LC50 value of 1.39 μg/mL. This compound may be utilized in research contexts focusing on neurobiology, entomology, and cancer studies.
  38. Fungal Meroterpenoid/AChE inhibitor

    Territrem B is a fungal meroterpenoid that serves as an irreversible inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase (AChE). It is isolated from Aspergillus terreus and exhibits significant neurotoxic activity. This compound is valuable for studying AChE-related pathways and can aid in the development of therapeutic agents for neurological disorders.
  39. AChE Inhibitor

    ACHE-IN-38 is a potent inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), acting to prevent the breakdown of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh). By inhibiting AChE, this compound enhances cholinergic transmission and has potential applications in addressing cognitive deficits associated with Alzheimer's Disease. It serves as a valuable tool in neuroscience research focused on memory disorders and cholinergic system modulation.
  40. BChE Inhibitor

    Z32439948 is a butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) inhibitor with an IC50 of 1.4 μM against human BChE. This compound, a derivative of m-sulfamoylbenzamide, demonstrates neuroprotective properties, particularly against glutamate-induced toxicity in SH-SY5Y neuronal cell lines. Z32439948 is valuable for research in neurodegenerative disease models and therapeutic strategies targeting cholinergic dysfunction.
  41. AChE/BChE Inhibitor

    AChE/BChE-IN-1 is a potent dual inhibitor of Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and Butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), demonstrating IC50 values of 1.06 nM and 7.3 nM, respectively, for human enzymes. This compound exhibits brain penetrance and is also characterized by its antioxidant properties. AChE/BChE-IN-1 is valuable for research focused on Alzheimer’s disease and related neurological disorders, providing insights into cholinergic system modulation.
  42. AChE/BuChE Inhibitor

    AChE/BuChE-IN-4 is a multitarget-directed inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE), exhibiting IC50 values of 2.08 μM and 7.41 μM, respectively. This compound plays a significant role in studies related to neurodegenerative disorders and cholinergic signaling pathways. Its dual inhibition of AChE and BuChE makes it a valuable tool for research into therapeutic strategies for diseases such as Alzheimer's and other cognitive impairments.
  43. Stable Isotope

    Chlorpyrifos-oxon-d10 is a deuterium-labeled derivative of Chlorpyrifos-oxon, which serves as a potent inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) through phosphorylating action. This compound has been shown to induce cross-linking between tubulin subunits, thereby disrupting microtubule dynamics and function. Its use in research applications includes studying the mechanisms of neurotoxicity and the evaluation of pesticide metabolism.
  44. Ache Inhibitor

    Dehydrodicentrine is an aporphine alkaloid that acts as an acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor, exhibiting an IC50 value of 2.98 μM. This compound is derived from the root of S. epigaea and demonstrates potential in studies related to neurological disorders and pain management. Its ability to modulate AChE activity makes it a valuable tool for research applications focused on cholinergic neurotransmission.
  45. Cholinesterase Inhibitor

    SB-1436 is a potent cholinesterase inhibitor targeting acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) with IC50 values of 0.176 μM and 0.37 μM, respectively. It inhibits these enzymes in a non-competitive manner, exhibiting Kis of 0.046 μM for AChE and 0.115 μM for BChE. Additionally, SB-1436 significantly reduces the self-aggregation of amyloid-beta (Aβ), making it a valuable tool for research in neurological diseases and related therapeutic applications.
  46. AChE Inhibitor

    AChE-IN-27 is a potent acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor with an IC50 value of 0.19 µM. This compound is specifically designed for research into neurological disorders, making it valuable for studies related to Alzheimer's disease, dementia, ataxia, and myasthenia gravis. Its ability to inhibit AChE provides a useful tool for investigating cholinergic signaling and developing potential therapeutic strategies for these conditions.
  47. Cholinesterase Fluorogenic Substrate

    7-Acetoxy-1-methylquinolinium iodide is a fluorogenic substrate specifically targeting cholinesterase. Upon hydrolysis, it emits fluorescence at 410 nm when excited at 320 nm, facilitating the detection and identification of cholinesterase inhibitors. This compound is widely utilized in fluorometric assays, contributing significantly to biochemical research and drug discovery efforts focused on cholinergic pathways.
  48. AChE/BChE Inhibitor

    Dehydrodiscretamine chloride is a dual inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), exhibiting IC50 values of 17.8 μM and 118.8 μM, respectively. This compound also possesses antioxidant activity, making it relevant for research into neurodegenerative diseases. Its potential applications include studies focused on Alzheimer’s disease and exploring pathways of cholinergic dysfunction.
  49. BChE Inhibitor

    BChE-IN-7 is a selective inhibitor of butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) that effectively penetrates the blood-brain barrier. With an IC50 of 0.06 μM for BChE, this reversible inhibitor demonstrates significant neuroprotective effects against toxic amyloid-beta species in neuronal-like cells. It serves as a valuable tool for research in neurodegenerative diseases and the modulation of cholinergic pathways.
  50. AChE Inhibitor

    Lycoramine hydrobromide is a potent acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor derived from Lycoris radiata. This compound serves as a valuable tool in the study of neurological disorders by enhancing cholinergic signaling through the inhibition of AChE activity. Its application in research includes investigating cognitive function, Alzheimer's disease, and other conditions associated with cholinergic deficits.

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