Epigenetics
Epigenetics research delves into the molecular mechanisms that control gene expression and cellular traits without altering the underlying DNA sequence. One crucial aspect of this field is the role of small molecules, which act as powerful regulators of epigenetic modifications. These small compounds, typically comprising a few dozen to a few hundred atoms, have emerged as essential tools in understanding and manipulating the epigenome.
- DNA Methylation Inhibitors: Small molecules like 5-azacytidine and 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine are DNA methyltransferase inhibitors. They block the addition of methyl groups to DNA, leading to DNA demethylation. This can reactivate silenced genes, potentially offering therapeutic avenues for conditions like cancer.
- HDAC inhibitors: HDACs remove acetyl groups from histone proteins, contributing to gene repression. Small molecule HDAC inhibitors, such as Vorinostat and Romidepsin, can reverse this process by increasing histone acetylation, allowing genes to be more accessible for transcription. These inhibitors are being explored for cancer therapy and other conditions.
- Histone Methyltransferase Inhibitors: Small molecules like GSK126 inhibit specific histone methyltransferases, affecting histone methylation patterns. This can alter gene expression, making them promising candidates for cancer and other diseases with epigenetic dysregulation.
- RNA Modulators: Small molecules can also target non-coding RNAs involved in epigenetic regulation. For instance, small molecules called small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) can be designed to target and degrade specific long non-coding RNAs, influencing gene expression.
- Epigenetic Reader Domain Inhibitors: These small molecules target proteins that recognize and bind to specific epigenetic marks. Examples include inhibitors of bromodomain-containing proteins (BET inhibitors), which can disrupt gene regulation by interfering with protein-DNA interactions.
Small molecules in epigenetics research not only provide insights into the fundamental biology of gene regulation but also hold immense promise for developing novel therapeutics. Their ability to selectively modulate specific epigenetic marks and pathways has led to ongoing clinical trials and drug development efforts for various diseases, including cancer, neurological disorders, and inflammatory conditions. Understanding and harnessing the power of these small molecules is at the forefront of modern epigenetics research, offering new hope for precision medicine and targeted therapies.
3 key components involved in the regulation of epigenetic modifications
Epigenetics Writer
Epigenetics writers are enzymes responsible for adding chemical marks or modifications to DNA or histone proteins. These marks include DNA methylation (addition of methyl groups to DNA) and histone modifications (such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, etc.).
Epigenetics Reader
Function: Epigenetics readers are proteins that can recognize and bind to specific epigenetic marks on DNA or histones. These reader proteins interpret the epigenetic code and facilitate downstream cellular processes, such as gene activation or repression.
Epigenetics Eraser
Function: Epigenetics erasers are enzymes responsible for removing or reversing epigenetic marks on DNA or histones. This process allows for the dynamic regulation of gene expression and the resetting of epigenetic states during various stages of development and in response to environmental changes.
Catalog No.
Product Name
Application
Product Information
Citations
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SIRT1/2 Inhibitor
Sirtuin-IN-1 is a selective inhibitor of SIRT1 and SIRT2, with IC50 values of 6.2 μM and 4.2 μM, respectively. This compound has been shown to induce G1 phase cell cycle arrest, demonstrating its potential as an anti-cancer agent. Sirtuin-IN-1 is particularly effective against glioma, making it a valuable tool for research into cancer therapeutics and the exploration of sirtuin-related biological pathways. -
SIRT1 Inhibitor
Sirtuin Modulator 4 is a selective SIRT1 inhibitor, demonstrating an EC50 value of 51-100 μM. This compound plays a critical role in modulating cellular pathways associated with lifespan extension and offers potential in researching a variety of conditions, including diabetes, obesity, neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular disorders, inflammation, and cancer. Its ability to inhibit SIRT1 makes it a valuable tool for studying the therapeutic implications of sirtuin regulation in metabolic and age-related diseases. -
SIRT1 Modulator
SIRT1-IN-5 is a selective modulator of the NAD-dependent protein deacetylase SIRT1. It demonstrates significant activity in regulating deacetylation processes, contributing to cellular metabolism and stress response. This compound can be utilized in research focused on aging, metabolic diseases, and neurodegenerative disorders, making it a valuable tool for exploring the therapeutic potential of SIRT1 modulation. -
SIRT2 Inhibitor
SIRT2-IN-14 is a selective inhibitor of SIRT2, demonstrating an IC50 value of 0.196 μM. This compound effectively modulates SIRT2 activity, making it a valuable tool for studying the role of SIRT2 in various biological pathways. Research applications may include investigations into neurodegenerative diseases, cancer biology, and cellular metabolism, providing insights into the therapeutic potential of targeting SIRT2. -
SIRT5 Inhibitor
SIRT5 inhibitor 2 is a selective inhibitor of the SIRT5 enzyme, exhibiting an IC50 value of 2.3 μM. It effectively inhibits SIRT5-dependent desuccinylation processes, making it a valuable tool for investigating the roles of SIRT5 in various biological contexts. This compound is suitable for research applications focusing on cancer biology and neurodegenerative diseases, aiding in the exploration of therapeutic strategies targeting SIRT5 activity. -
Sirtuin Modulator
Sirtuin Modulator 5 is a potent activator of SIRT1, demonstrating a DC50 value of less than 50 μM. This compound enhances cellular lifespan and facilitates research into various age-related and stress-related diseases, including diabetes, obesity, neurodegenerative disorders, cardiovascular diseases, blood clotting disorders, inflammation, and cancer. Additionally, Sirtuin Modulator 5 may promote increased mitochondrial activity, making it a valuable tool in the study of metabolic and age-related diseases. -
SIRT1 Inhibitor
ZINC08792355 is a selective SIRT1 inhibitor that plays a crucial role in the regulation of cellular processes associated with aging, metabolic disorders, and oncogenesis. This compound facilitates the exploration of SIRT1-related pathways in research on age-related diseases, diabetes, and cancer, making it a valuable tool for investigators studying these important biological phenomena. -
SIRT1 Activator
SRT3657 is a selective activator of SIRT1, exhibiting properties that enhance neuronal resilience. Its brain-permeable nature allows for effective modulation of SIRT1 activity, contributing to neuroprotection. This compound is valuable for research applications aimed at understanding neurodegenerative diseases and exploring potential therapeutic strategies. -
SIRT2 Inhibitor
SR94 is a selective SIRT2 inhibitor that features a unique six-membered ring structure with variable R2 substituents. This compound demonstrates potential in the investigation of cancer, ischemia-reperfusion injury, and neurodegenerative diseases. Its targeted inhibition of SIRT2 makes it a valuable tool for understanding the role of this enzyme in various biological processes and disease states. -
SIRT6 Modulator
IMU-856 is a small molecule modulator of SIRT6, exhibiting oral bioavailability and systemic action. It selectively inhibits the deacetylase activity of SIRT6 while simultaneously increasing its protein levels. This compound has demonstrated the ability to restore intestinal barrier function, making it a valuable tool for research on celiac disease and related gastrointestinal disorders. -
SIRT1 Activator
SRTCX1002 is a selective activator of the SIRT1 enzyme, functioning primarily through the promotion of p65 deacetylation, which subsequently inhibits NF-κB activity. This compound effectively suppresses inflammatory responses, demonstrated by its ability to inhibit stimuli-induced NF-κB transcriptional activation and reduce LPS-induced TNFα secretion, with IC50 values of 0.71 µM and 7.58 µM, respectively. SRTCX1002 serves as a valuable reagent for research focused on inflammation and related signaling pathways. -
SIRT5 Inhibitor
SIRT5 Inhibitor 7 is a selective substrate-competitive inhibitor targeting SIRT5, known for its anti-inflammatory properties. This compound effectively regulates protein succinylation and reduces the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, offering potential renal protective effects. SIRT5 Inhibitor 7 demonstrates notable in vivo efficacy in mouse models of acute kidney injury induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and cecal ligation/perforation (CLP), making it a valuable tool for researching sepsis-related kidney damage. -
Sirtuin Modulator
FLS-359 is an orally active allosteric modulator of sirtuin 2, demonstrating an IC50 of 3 μM. This compound exhibits significant antiviral activity, effectively inhibiting both RNA and DNA viral replication. FLS-359 is valuable for research applications focused on viral pathogenesis and therapeutic strategies targeting sirtuin signaling pathways. -
SIRT1 Activator
SRTCX1003 is an orally active SIRT1 activator that enhances SIRT1 activity, leading to the modulation of various biological processes. This compound has been shown to suppress inflammatory responses, making it a valuable tool for research related to inflammation and metabolic disorders. Its application in studies focused on SIRT1-mediated pathways provides insights into potential therapeutic approaches for a range of diseases. -
Sirtuin Modulator
Sirtuin Modulator 2 (Compound 132) is a selective modulator of sirtuin enzymes, exhibiting an effective dose (ED50) of 50 μM or lower. This compound plays a critical role in the regulation of cellular processes such as aging, metabolism, and stress response. Its ability to influence sirtuin activity makes it valuable for research in fields like cancer biology, neurodegenerative diseases, and metabolic disorders. -
Sirtuin Substrate
Ac-QPKK(Ac)-AMC is a fluorogenic substrate specifically designed for sirtuin enzymes, facilitating the study of sirtuin-mediated deacetylation processes. This reagent enables the quantitative analysis of sirtuin activity, making it a valuable tool for investigating the role of sirtuins in various biological processes and disease states, including aging and metabolic disorders. Researchers can leverage Ac-QPKK(Ac)-AMC to explore sirtuin function in high-throughput screening assays and in-depth mechanistic studies. -
SIRT1 Inhibitor
ZINC08792229 is a potent inhibitor of SIRT1, a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)-dependent deacetylase playing a crucial role in cellular regulation. This compound exhibits significant biological activity that may contribute to research on SIRT1-related diseases, including aging, diabetes, and cancer. It serves as a valuable tool for exploring the therapeutic potential of targeting SIRT1 in various pathological conditions. -
SIRT1/SIRT2 Inhibitor
Aristoforin, a hypericin derivative, selectively inhibits SIRT1 and SIRT2, resulting in G1 phase cell cycle arrest. This compound also scavenges hydroxyl free radicals and demonstrates protective effects against Fe2+-induced DNA breakage. Aristoforin is valuable for research in the context of breast cancer and colon adenocarcinoma studies. -
SIRT6 Modulator
SIRT6 modulator-1 is a selective modulator of SIRT6, a key enzyme involved in regulating metabolic processes and DNA repair. This compound influences SIRT6 activity, enhancing its role in chromatin dynamics and cellular stress responses. SIRT6 modulator-1 has potential applications in research focused on aging, metabolic disorders, and cancer by elucidating the pathways regulated by SIRT6. -
SIRT3 Inhibitor
SIRT3-IN-2 is a selective inhibitor of the SIRT3 enzyme, demonstrating a reduction of SIRT3 activity by 39% at a concentration of 200 µM. This compound is valuable for investigations into metabolic homeostasis and its implications in tumor suppression. SIRT3-IN-2 can be utilized in research aimed at understanding the regulatory roles of sirtuins in cellular metabolism and cancer biology. -
SIRT2 Inhibitor
SIRT2-IN-15 is a selective inhibitor of the SIRT2 deacetylase and deamyloacylase enzymes, demonstrating IC50 values of 7 μM and 37 μM, respectively. This compound modulates cellular acetylation states, making it a valuable tool for investigating the roles of SIRT2 in various biological processes, including neurodegenerative diseases, cancer metabolism, and aging. SIRT2-IN-15 can be utilized in research applications focusing on the molecular mechanisms of SIRT2-related pathways and potential therapeutic targets. -
SIRT1 Activator
3β,6α,12β-Dammar-E-20(22)-ene-3,6,12,25-tetraol is a potent SIRT1 activator that enhances SIRT1 activity significantly. This compound has demonstrated anti-tumor activity, making it a valuable tool for research in cancer biology and therapeutic interventions targeting SIRT1 modulation. Its role in promoting cellular metabolism and longevity pathways further supports its use in studies related to aging and metabolic disorders. -
SIRT2 Inhibitor
A2B57 is a selective inhibitor of SIRT2, exhibiting an IC50 value of 6.3 µM. This compound effectively modulates the activity of SIRT2, making it a valuable tool for exploring the role of this enzyme in various biological processes. Its application extends to studies in neurodegeneration, metabolism, and cellular stress responses, providing insights into SIRT2-related pathways. -
SIRT1/2/3 Inhibitor
SIRT-IN-6 is a pan-inhibitor targeting SIRT1, SIRT2, and SIRT3, with IC50 values exceeding 50 μM. This compound is valuable for studying its effects in metabolic, inflammatory, oncologic, and neurodegenerative disorders. Its broad inhibition profile makes it a suitable tool for elucidating the roles of sirtuins in various biological processes and disease states. -
SIRT2 Inhibitor
A1B11 is a selective inhibitor of Sirtuin 2 (SIRT2) with an IC50 value of 5.3 μM. This compound is primarily utilized in research focused on neurodegenerative diseases, where SIRT2 modulation plays a critical role in the underlying mechanisms of pathology. A1B11 provides a valuable tool for investigating the therapeutic potential of SIRT2 inhibition in various neurodegenerative conditions. -
SIRT1/3 Activator
Nicotinamide riboside (triflate) is a potent activator of the SIRT1 and SIRT3 pathways, functioning as an orally active precursor to NAD+. This compound significantly elevates NAD+ levels, thereby enhancing oxidative metabolism and providing protective effects against metabolic disturbances triggered by high-fat diets. Additionally, it has demonstrated neuroprotective properties, as evidenced by its ability to mitigate cognitive decline in transgenic mouse models of Alzheimer’s disease, making it valuable for research in metabolic health and neurodegenerative disorders. -
SMARCA2 PROTAC Degrader
PRT3789 is a selective PROTAC degrader targeting SMARCA2, exhibiting a DC50 of 0.72 nM in HeLa cells for SMARCA2 and 14 nM for SMARCA4. By forming a stable ternary complex with Von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) E3 ligase, PRT3789 facilitates polyubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of SMARCA2. This compound effectively disrupts the integrity of the SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex, leading to the downregulation of oncogenic gene expression, decreased chromatin accessibility, and enhanced expression of genes related to antigen processing and presentation. PRT3789 is applicable in research on SMARCA4-mutated solid tumors, including non-small cell lung cancer, endometrial cancer, and several other malignancies. -
SMARCA2 Inhibitor
FHD-909 is a selective inhibitor of SMARCA2 (BRM), exhibiting IC50 values of 2.5 nM for SMARCA2 and 123.7 nM for SMARCA4. This compound serves as a valuable tool for the investigation of BAF complex-related disorders, including various cancer types. Researchers can leverage FHD-909 to elucidate the role of SMARCA2 in oncogenesis and other pathological conditions associated with chromatin remodeling. -
SMARCA2 PROTAC Degrader
NEP202 is a potent SMARCA2 PROTAC degrader that engages the GID4 E3 ligase to facilitate targeted protein degradation. This reagent is valuable for cancer research, enabling the selective degradation of SMARCA2, a key protein implicated in various oncogenic processes. NEP202 offers researchers a powerful tool for studying the role of SMARCA2 in tumor biology and therapeutic responses. -
SMARCA2 Ligand
SMARCA2 ligand-11 is a specific ligand for the chromatin remodeling factor SMARCA2, facilitating the development of PROTACs such as SMARCA2 degrader-32. This compound is instrumental in research applications focused on targeted protein degradation, particularly in studies aimed at elucidating the role of SMARCA2 in various biological processes and diseases. Its ability to selectively engage with SMARCA2 allows for investigations into novel therapeutic strategies in cancer and other conditions where SMARCA2 activity is implicated. -
SMARCA2 Degrader
PROTAC SMARCA2 degrader-32 is a targeted protein degradation agent that selectively degrades SMARCA2 with a DC50 of 1.3 nM. This compound demonstrates significant inhibitory activity against lung cancer cell line NCI-H838, with a GI50 of 34 nM. Its application in research includes studies on the role of SMARCA2 in cancer biology and therapeutic strategies leveraging PROTAC technology for targeted degradation. -
SMARCA2 PROTAC Degrader
PROTAC SMARCA2 degrader-24 is a selective degrader targeting the SMARCA2 protein through a PROTAC mechanism. It exhibits potent biological activity with a DC50 value of less than 0.1 µM in HeLa cells, facilitating effective degradation of SMARCA2. Additionally, it demonstrates lower activity against SMARCA4, with a DC50 greater than 10 μM in the same cellular context. This compound serves as a valuable tool for studying the functional roles of SMARCA2 in various biological processes and disease models. -
SMARCA2 PROTAC Degrader
PROTAC SMARCA2 degrader-22 is a potent proteolysis-targeting chimera (PROTAC) specifically designed to degrade the SMARCA2 protein. It exhibits a degradation efficacy of 94% at a concentration of 100 nM. Additionally, PROTAC SMARCA2 degrader-22 demonstrates effective inhibition of A549 cell proliferation with an EC50 of less than 250 nM, making it a valuable tool for research into cancer biology and therapeutic applications targeting the chromatin remodeling complex. -
PROTAC SMARCA2 Degrader
PROTAC SMARCA2 Degrader-27 is a proteolysis-targeting chimera (PROTAC) that selectively degrades the SMARCA2 protein. By utilizing a VHL ligand, it engages the ubiquitin-proteasome system to induce targeted degradation of SMARCA2, demonstrating significant potential for research in cancer biology. This compound allows for the investigation of SMARCA2's role in oncogenesis and therapeutic resistance, contributing to the development of novel cancer treatments. -
SMARCA2 PROTAC Degrader
PROTAC A515 is a targeted protein degradation agent that selectively degradas the SMARCA2 protein. By promoting the ubiquitination of SMARCA2, it facilitates its subsequent degradation via the proteasome pathway. This compound is valuable for cancer research, allowing for the investigation of SMARCA2's role in tumorigenesis and potential therapeutic applications. -
HDAC6 Degrader
HDAC6 degrader-5 functions as an HDAC6 degrader, demonstrating potent inhibitory and degradation capabilities with an IC50 of 4.95 nM and a DC50 of 0.96 nM. This compound effectively inhibits the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6, while also preventing hepatocyte apoptosis. Additionally, HDAC6 degrader-5 shows anti-inflammatory effects in mouse models of acetaminophen-induced liver injury, making it a valuable tool for research on inflammatory diseases and liver pathologies. -
HDAC3 Degrader
HDAC3 Degrader-2 is a selective degrader of histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3), functioning through targeted degradation to inhibit the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. By facilitating the reduction of IL-1β maturation and caspase-1 activity, HDAC3 Degrader-2 demonstrates significant anti-inflammatory effects. This reagent is applicable in researching conditions such as endotoxin shock, colitis, and gouty arthritis, providing valuable insights into mechanisms of inflammation and therapeutic interventions. -
DNA Methyltransferase Inhibitor
N-Acetyl-S-geranylgeranyl-L-cysteine is a potent inhibitor of DNA methyltransferases. This compound effectively disrupts beta-2 integrin-induced actin polymerization, demonstrating an IC50 of 45 nM. It serves as a valuable tool in studying epigenetic regulation and cellular signaling pathways related to cancer and other diseases. -
TET Inhibitor
Bobcat339 is a selective inhibitor of the TET enzymes, exhibiting IC50 values of 33 μM and 73 μM for TET1 and TET2, respectively. This compound is significant for studies in epigenetics, including the modulation of DNA methylation and gene expression. Bobcat339 serves as a valuable tool for researchers exploring the therapeutic potential of targeting TET enzymes in various biological contexts. -
DNMT3A Inhibitor
DNMT3A-IN-1 is a selective inhibitor of the DNA methyltransferase 3A (DNMT3A) enzyme. It exhibits inhibitory activity with KI values between 9.16 to 18.85 μM when measured with AdoMet and 11.37 to 23.34 μM using poly dI-dC. This compound has been shown to induce apoptosis in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cell lines, making it a valuable tool in the study of epigenetic regulation and potential therapeutic applications in cancer research. -
METTL1-WDR4 Inhibitor
METTL1-WDR4-IN-2 is a selective inhibitor of the METTL1-WDR4 methyltransferase complex, exhibiting an IC50 value of 41 μM. This compound demonstrates significant selectivity, with IC50 values of 958 μM against METTL3-14 and 208 μM against METTL16. METTL1-WDR4-IN-2 is valuable for investigating the role of RNA methylation in cancer and other biological processes related to epitranscriptomics. -
DNMT1 Inhibitor
(R)-GSK-3685032 is a reversible inhibitor selectively targeting DNMT1, exhibiting a non-time-dependent and noncovalent mechanism of action. With an IC50 value of 0.036 μM, it effectively induces significant loss of DNA methylation and promotes transcriptional activation. This compound is suitable for research applications exploring epigenetic modifications in cancer biology, particularly in studies focused on cancer cell growth inhibition. -
DNA Methyltransferase Inhibitor
DC_517 is a selective inhibitor of DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1), exhibiting an IC50 of 1.7 μM and a Kd of 0.91 μM. This compound effectively modulates DNA methylation patterns, making it a valuable tool for studies related to epigenetic regulation, gene expression, and cancer research. Research applications include exploring the roles of DNMT1 in cellular processes and evaluating potential therapeutic strategies for diseases associated with abnormal DNA methylation. -
DNMT1 Inhibitor
5-Aza-4'-thio-2'-deoxycytidine is a potent inhibitor of DNA methyltransferase I (DNMT1). As a sulfur-containing deoxycytidine analog, it induces DNA hypomethylation and exhibits antitumor properties. This compound is primarily utilized in cancer research to investigate mechanisms of epigenetic regulation and to evaluate therapeutic strategies aimed at reversing promoter methylation in various malignancies. -
DNMT1 Inhibitor
GSK3735967 is a selective, reversible inhibitor of DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1), demonstrating an IC50 value of 40 nM. Featuring a planar dicyanopyridine core, GSK3735967 specifically targets DNMT1 when bound to hemimethylated CpG dinucleotides. Its unique three-binding site configuration allows for interaction with histone H4K20me3, facilitating research into epigenetic regulation and potential therapeutic applications in cancer and other diseases associated with aberrant DNA methylation. -
DNA Methyltransferase
CpG Methyltransferase is a DNA methyltransferase that specifically targets the C5 position of cytosine nucleotides in unmethylated or hemimethylated double-stranded DNA within a 5’-CpG-3’ context. This enzyme facilitates the addition of a methyl group, which plays a crucial role in gene regulation and epigenetic modification. It is widely utilized in research applications involving DNA methylation studies, gene expression analysis, and the investigation of epigenetic mechanisms in various biological processes. -
DNA Methyltransferase Inhibitor
DNMT-IN-6 is a potent DNA methyltransferase inhibitor targeting DNMT1, DNMT3A, and DNMT3B. It promotes demethylation and restores expression of the TMS1 tumor suppressor gene, leading to apoptosis and G2/M phase cell cycle arrest. Additionally, DNMT-IN-6 disrupts mitochondrial integrity and activates the intrinsic caspase cascade (caspases 3, 7, and 9). This compound demonstrates potential in inhibiting tumor growth and enhancing survival in xenograft models, making it a valuable tool for cancer research, particularly in the study of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. -
DNMT1 Inhibitor
DNMT1-IN-3 is a potent inhibitor of DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1), exhibiting an IC50 of 0.777 μM and a KD of 0.183 μM. This compound selectively binds to the S-adenosyl-l-methionine (SAM) site on DNMT1, effectively disrupting its methylation activity. DNMT1-IN-3 demonstrates significant biological activity by inhibiting cell proliferation in K562 cells, primarily through the induction of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in the G0/G1 phase. Its properties make it a valuable tool for research in hematologic tumors and epigenetic regulation. -
DNMT Inhibitor
DNMT-IN-1 is a potent inhibitor of DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs), exhibiting an EC50 value of 3.2 µM. This compound demonstrates significant antiproliferative activity, making it valuable for research applications involving epigenetic regulation and cancer biology. DNMT-IN-1 provides a useful tool for studying the role of DNA methylation in various diseases and therapeutic contexts. -
DNA Methyltransferase Inhibitor
2′-Deoxy-5-nitrocytidine is a potent inhibitor of DNA methyltransferase, disrupting the methylation process crucial for gene expression regulation. This compound is primarily utilized in cancer research to investigate its effects on tumorigenesis and cellular differentiation. By modulating DNA methylation patterns, it provides valuable insights into epigenetic modifications and their implications in various malignancies.
