Microbiology

Fibracillin is a penicillin antibiotic.

Symetine is an antiparasitic and antispirochete agent.

SB297006 is a CCR3 antagonist, which significantly inhibits proliferation and neurosphere formation in CCL11-treated neural progenitor cells.

seudothymidine is a C-nucleoside analog of thymidine.

Quilseconazole (VT-1129) is a potent, orally active fungal Cyp51 (lanosterol 14-α-demethylase) inhibitor, binds tightly to cryptococcal CYP51, but weakly inhibits humans CYP450 enzymes.

CCR2 antagonist 1 is a high-affinity and long-residence-time CCR2 antagonist, with a Ki of 2.4 nM.

Inarigivir soproxil is an agonist of innate immunity and shows potent antiviral activity against resistant hepatitis C virus (HCV) variants, with EC50s of 2.2 and 1.0 μM for HCV 1a/1b in cells of genotype 1 HCV replicon systems.

Inarigivir (ORI-9020;SB-9000) is a dinucleotide which can significantly reduce liver HBV DNA in transgenic mice expressing hepatitis B virus.

Acetylazide is a synthetic broad-spectrum bacteriostatic antibiotic.

LHF-535 is an antiviral agent extracted from patent WO2013123215A2, Compound 38, has EC50s of <1 μM, <1 μM, <1 μM, and 1-10 μM for Lassa, Machupo, Junin, and VSVg virus, respectively.

Nacubactam (OP0595 free acid) is a potent non-β-lactam-β-lactamase inhibitor with activity against class A and class C β-lactamases.

Sinefungin is a potent inhibitor of virion mRNA(guanine-7-)-methyltransferase, mRNA(nucleoside-2'-)-methyltransferase, and viral multiplication.

AN11251 is a potent and oral active anti-Wolbachia agent with potential for treatment of onchocerciasis and lymphatic filariasis, with EC50 values of 1.5 nM in LDW1 cell lines and 15 nM in C6/36 cell lines.

Afabicin (Debio 1450) is the prodrug of Debio1452, specifically targeting staphylococci without significant activity against other Gram-positive or Gram-negative species. Debio1452 is an inhibitor FabI, an enzyme critical to fatty acid biosynthesis in staphylococci.

Betamipron is a chemical compound which is used together with panipenem to inhibit panipenem uptake into the renal tubule and prevent nephrotoxicity.

Influenza Hemagglutinin (HA) Peptide is a tag peptide derived from an epitope of the influenza hemagglutinin protein.

Torezolid is an oxazolidinone drug in phase-II clinical trials for complicated skin and skin-structure infections (cSSSI), including those caused by Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA).

Amadacycline is a new tetracycline antibiotic in the pipeline, which can inhibit the 30s subunit of bacterial ribosome.

Amadacycline methanesulfonate is a new tetracycline antibiotic in the pipeline, which can inhibit the 30s subunit of bacterial ribosome.

BMS-663068 tris is an HIV-1 attachment inhibitor in development for the treatment of HIV-1 infection.

Fosamprenavir Calcium Salt is a phosphate ester prodrug of the antiretroviral protease inhibitor amprenavir, with improved solubility over the parent molecule and a potential for reduced pill burden on current dosing regimens; GW433908G is the calcium salt of the prodrug.

I2906 showed antimycobacterial and cytotoxic activity against mycobacterium tuberculosis.

PF-4136309 is a potent, selective, and orally bioavailable CCR2 antagonist, with IC50s of 5.2 nM, 17 nM and 13 nM for human, mouse and rat CCR2.

MK-5172 is a novel P2-P4 quinoxaline macrocyclic HCV NS3/4a protease inhibitor currently in clinical development.

MK-5172 is a novel P2-P4 quinoxaline macrocyclic HCV NS3/4a protease inhibitor currently in clinical development.

MK-5172 is a novel P2-P4 quinoxaline macrocyclic HCV NS3/4a protease inhibitor currently in clinical development.

RO-9187 is a potent inhibitor of HCV virus replication in the replicon system (IC(50) = 171 +/- 12 nM; CC(50) >1 mM).

RS 504393 is a selective CCR2 chemokine receptor antagonist (IC50 values are 98 nM and > 100 uM for inhibition of human recombinant CCR2b and CCR1 receptors respectively).

Tipranavir, a nonpeptidic HIV protease inhibitor (NPPI), inhibits the enzymatic activity and dimerization of HIV-1 protease, exerts potent activity against multi-PI-resistant HIV-1 isolates.

Vicriviroc maleate is a CCR5 antagonist with IC50 of 0.91 nM in clinical development for the treatment of HIV-1.

Zidovudine is a nucleoside analog reverse-transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI), a type of antiretroviral drug used for the treatment of HIV/AIDS infection. Azidothymidine decreases CRISPR-mediated homology directed repair (HDR) efficiency.

TBA-354 is a potent anti-tuberculosis compound; maintains activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv isogenic monoresistant strains and clinical drug-sensitive and drug-resistant isolates.

Sibofimloc (Antibiotic-202) is a first-in-class, gut-restricted, orally active FimH adhesion inhibitor extracted from patent WO2014100158A1, Compound Example 202. Sibofimloc has anti-bacterial infective activity. Sibofimloc is developed for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).

Bronopol is antibacterial agent, used as preservative in cosmetic industry.

Daphnoretin (Dephnoretin), isolated from Wikstroemia indica, possesses antiviral activity. Daphnoretin likes PMA, may direct activation of protein kinase C which in turn activated NADPH oxidase and elicited respiratory burst.

Daurichromenic acid is a terpenophenol with a potent anti-HIV activity.

Broxyquinoline is an antiprotozoal agent and able to release oxygen free radicals from the water in mucous membranes.

Pogostone is isolated from patchouli with anti-bacterial and anti-cancer activities. Pogostone inhibits both gram negative and gram positive bacteria, also show inhibitory effect on corynebacterium xerosis with a MIC value of 0.098 ?g/ml . Pogostone induces cell apoptosis and autophagy.

Thiamine hydrochloride (Thiamine chloride hydrochloride) is an essential micronutrient needed as a cofactor for many central metabolic enzymes.

Ethyl gallate is a nonflavonoid phenolic compound and also a scavenger of hydrogen peroxide.

Hirsutine, an indole alkaloid derived from Uncaria rhynchophylla, serves as an apoptosis inducer with notable anti-cancer properties. It effectively triggers apoptotic pathways while demonstrating significant inhibitory effects against Dengue virus, all with low cytotoxicity. This compound is valuable for research in cancer biology and virology, enabling studies on apoptotic mechanisms and antiviral strategies.

Tylvalosin is a macrolide antibiotic that exhibits broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity. Primarily utilized as an antiviral agent, Tylvalosin is effective in studying Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus (PRRSV) infection. This compound also induces apoptosis and possesses anti-inflammatory properties, helping to mitigate oxidative stress and acute lung injury by inhibiting NF-κB activation. Its diverse biological activities make Tylvalosin valuable for research in infectious diseases and inflammation.

Boscalid is a succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor that exhibits significant antifungal activity. By binding to the ubiquinone-binding site of mitochondrial complex II in fungi, Boscalid disrupts ATP production and aerobic respiration, effectively controlling a range of plant fungal diseases, such as gray mold, sclerotinia rot, and powdery mildew. In addition to its agricultural applications, research indicates that Boscalid induces apoptosis and alters lipid metabolism while causing mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and ROS accumulation in zebrafish models. Furthermore, it demonstrates chronic toxicity and impacts foraging behavior in honeybees, alongside exhibiting genotoxic and cytotoxic effects in cellular systems.

Protegrin-1 is an antimicrobial peptide that exhibits potent antibacterial activity by activating ERK, COX2, and NFκB pathways, while inhibiting apoptosis and nitric oxide production. It demonstrates significant bactericidal effects against various pathogens, including Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecium, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Klebsiella pneumoniae, with minimal inhibitory concentrations ranging from 10 to 20 µM. Additionally, Protegrin-1 shows antiviral activity against the dengue virus NS2B-NS3 and possesses anti-inflammatory properties, making it a valuable tool in the research of inflammatory diseases and infections.

Tylvalosin tartrate is a broad-spectrum macrolide antibiotic primarily targeting bacterial infections. This compound exhibits significant antimicrobial activity and is effective in studying Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus (PRRSV) infections. Additionally, Tylvalosin tartrate induces apoptosis, demonstrates anti-inflammatory properties, relieves oxidative stress, and mitigates acute lung injury by inhibiting NF-κB activation. It serves as a valuable tool for research into viral pathogenesis and cellular responses.

Dipyrithione is a potent antimicrobial agent primarily targeting fungal pathogens. It exhibits significant antifungal and antiproliferative activities, inducing apoptosis and G1 phase cell cycle arrest. Additionally, Dipyrithione demonstrates anti-inflammatory effects in vivo and exhibits anti-tumor potential. This compound is of particular interest for research applications related to dermatophytosis and other fungal infections.

Citrinin is a mycotoxin known for its role as a bacterial inhibitor. It exhibits a range of biological activities, including the regulation of immune cell populations, induction of apoptosis and autophagy in immune cells, and modulation of toll-like receptor expression and cytokine production. Citrinin also induces oxidative stress, leading to apoptosis in oocytes, while low doses demonstrate neuroprotective effects against glutamate-induced excitotoxicity in rat cortical neurons. This compound's diverse mechanisms make it a valuable reagent for research in immunology, neurobiology, and antibacterial applications.

Oenothein B is a dimeric macrocyclic ellagitannin known for its potent inhibition of poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase. It exhibits a range of biological activities, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antifungal, anti-HCV, and antitumor effects. This compound serves as a valuable tool in research applications focusing on cellular stress responses, inflammation, and cancer therapeutics.

Mycophenolic acid sodium is a potent uncompetitive inhibitor of inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH), with an EC50 of 0.24 µM. This compound exhibits antiviral activity against various RNA viruses, including influenza, alongside its immunosuppressive properties. Additionally, Mycophenolic acid sodium demonstrates antiangiogenic and antitumor effects, making it valuable for research in immunology, virology, and cancer therapy.

Pinosylvin is a stilbenoid toxin derived from the heartwood of Pinus species, exhibiting significant anti-bacterial activity. As a resveratrol analogue, it has been shown to induce apoptosis and autophagy in leukemia cells, making it a valuable agent for research in cancer therapy and infectious disease studies. Its unique properties position Pinosylvin as a promising candidate for further exploration in the development of anti-microbial and anti-cancer compounds.