- Chloroquine phosphate is a 4-aminoquinoline anti-malarial and anti-rheumatoid agent, also acting as an ATM activator.
- Bopei Cui, .et al. , Signal Transduct Target Ther, 2023, Sep 25;8(1):366 PMID: 37743418
- Vijaya Bharti, .et al. , Cell Rep, 2022, Dec 20;41(12):111826 PMID: 36543138
- Egawa Y, .et al. , PLoS One, 2018, Jun 7;13(6):e0198940 PMID: 29879220
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Hepatitis C virus NS3/4a protease inhibitor
Grazoprevir (MK-5172) is a selective inhibitor of Hepatitis C virus NS3/4a protease with broad activity across genotypes and resistant variants, with Kis of 0.01 nM (gt1b), 0.01 nM (gt1a), 0.08 nM (gt2a), 0.15 nM (gt2b), 0.90 nM (gt3a), respectively.- Deqiang Kong, .et al. , Nat Commun, 2024, Jun 8;15(1):4894 PMID: 38849338
- Xinyi Wang, .et al. , Nat Chem Biol, 2023, Oct 23 PMID: 37872400
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Bcr-Abl inhibitor
Imatinib mesylate, a selective tyrosine kinase inhibitor, induced a sustained objective response in treating gastrointestinal stromal tumors with the inhibition of the KIT signal-transduction pathway.- Inge Govaerts, .et al. , J Hematol Oncol, 2021, 14: 97 PMID: 34167562
- Genevra Kuziel, .et al. , Cancers (Basel), 2020, Jul 28;12(8):E2083 PMID: 32731354
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Emodin is a purgative resin, from rhubarb, the buckthorn and Japanese Knotweed (Fallopia japonica). It belongs to a family of compounds called anthraquinones, which have shown anti-inflammatory and anticancer effects
- Roberto Brenes, .et al. , J Wildl Dis, 2022, Apr 1;58(2):341-347 PMID: 35255143
- Sakanashi M, .et al. , Circ J. , 2013, 77(7):1827-37. PMID: 23615023
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PDGFR inhibitor
Imatinib (Gleevec) is a number of tyrosine kinase enzymes specific inhibitor.- Rong Zhang, .et al. , Gene, 2024, Jan 30:893:147917 PMID: 37866664
- Aya Hasan Alshammari, .et al. , Biochem Pharmacol, 2022, Mar;197:114914 PMID: 35041812
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- BM Duggan, .et al. , Endocrinology, 2020, May 30;bqaa086 PMID: 32473019
- Li Li, .et al. , Leukemia Res, 2019, 78:12-20 PMID: 30660961
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glucocorticoid receptor agonist
Dexamethasone is a potent synthetic member of the glucocorticoid class of steroid drugs. It acts as an anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressant. Its potency is about 20-30 times that of the naturally occurring hormone hydrocortisone and 4-5 times of prednisone.- Sudam S Mane, .et al. , J Am Soc Mass Spectrom, 2025, Nov 5;36(11):2480-2488 PMID: 41115840
- Sudam S Mane, .et al. , J Am Soc Mass Spectrom, 2024, Aug 26 PMID: 39186802
- Ken Kobayashi, .et al. , Cell Tissue Res, 2022, Sep;389(3):501-515 PMID: 35748981
- Reiko Watanabe, .et al. , J Med Chem, 2021, Mar 11;64(5):2725-2738 PMID: 33619967
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synthetic glucocorticoid receptor agonist
Methylprednisolone is an apoptosis inducer and was also found to inhibit human small cell lung cancer cell growth in vitro. - AMY-101 TFA (Cp40 TFA), a peptidic inhibitor of the central complement component C3 (KD = 0.5 nM), inhibits naturally occurring periodontitis in non-human primates (NHPs). AMY-101 (Cp40) exhibits a favorable anti-inflammatory activity in models with COVID-19 severe pneumonia with systemic hyper inflammation.
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SARS-CoV-2 Inhibitor
SARS-CoV-2-IN-113 is a sulfonohydrazide derivative designed to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 infection, demonstrating an IC50 of 8.320 μM. This compound exerts significant antiviral activity by blocking viral entry and replication, while also downregulating the expression of key genes and proteins such as Spike, ACE-2, and RdRp. With its high selectivity and low cytotoxicity, SARS-CoV-2-IN-113 serves as a valuable tool for research in the field of SARS-CoV-2 biology and therapeutic development. -
SARS-CoV-2 Inhibitor
TFMU-ADPr is a selective reporter substrate that targets the SARS-CoV-2 Macro1 protein, displaying an IC50 of 0.59 μM. This compound emits fluorescence at 502 nm (or 495 nm) upon enzymatic hydrolysis by Poly(ADP-ribose) Glycohydrolase (PARG) and ADP-ribosylhydrolase 3. TFMU-ADPr binds to the ADPr-binding site of Macro1, providing a robust method for assessing the activity of poly(ADP-ribose) hydrolases. Its applications extend to evaluating small-molecule inhibitors under in vitro conditions, investigating ADP-ribosyl catabolic enzyme mechanisms, and detecting PAR hydrolase activity in whole-cell lysates, making it a valuable tool for COVID-19-related research. -
SARS-CoV Inhibitor
Direct Violet 1 is an azo dye that functions as an inhibitor of the spike protein-ACE2 interaction in SARS-CoV-2, exhibiting IC50 values ranging from 1.47 to 2.63 μM. This compound serves as a valuable tool for investigating viral entry mechanisms and studying protein-protein interactions related to SARS-CoV-2. Its application may extend to antiviral research and the development of therapeutic strategies targeting COVID-19. -
SARS-CoV-2 3CL Proteas Inhibitor
SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro-IN-13 is a highly effective inhibitor of the SARS-CoV-2 3CL protease, exhibiting an IC50 value of 21 nM. This compound demonstrates significant anti-coronavirus activity, making it a valuable tool for research focused on SARS-CoV-2 inhibition and antiviral drug development. It is suitable for studies investigating the biochemical mechanisms underlying coronavirus replication and the potential therapeutic strategies against SARS-CoV-2. -
SARS-CoV PLpro Substrate
Z-Arg-Leu-Arg-Gly-Gly-AMC is a synthetic peptide substrate specifically designed for the SARS-CoV PLpro enzyme. This compound facilitates the study of PLpro's proteolytic activity and its role in viral replication. It serves as a valuable tool for researchers investigating the molecular mechanisms of SARS-CoV and developing potential antiviral strategies. -
SARS-CoV-2 PLpro and Mpro Inhibitor
LY1 is a selective covalent inhibitor targeting the SARS-CoV-2 proteases PLpro and Mpro, demonstrating Kd values of 1.5 μM and 2.3 μM for Mpro C145A and PLpro C111A, respectively. It exhibits potent antiviral activity with IC50 values of 0.12 μM against Mpro and 0.99 μM against PLpro. Additionally, LY1 showcases high selectivity, distinguishing itself from other kinases, human proteases, and metalloenzymes, making it a valuable tool for research into SARS-CoV-2 protease inhibition. -
SARS-CoV-2 Inhibitor
SARS-CoV-2-IN-86 is an inhibitor targeting the methyltransferases nsp14 and nsp16 of SARS-CoV-2. This compound, a derivative of Andrographolide, demonstrates significant antiviral activity with low toxicity, evidenced by a predicted LD50 of 700 mg/kg. It serves as a valuable research tool for studying SARS-CoV-2 replication and may contribute to therapeutic strategies against COVID-19. -
SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease Inhibitor
X77 is a potent non-covalent inhibitor of the SARS-CoV-2 main protease (Mpro), displaying an affinity with a Kd value of 0.057 μM. This compound effectively disrupts the proteolytic activity of Mpro, crucial for viral replication. X77 is primarily utilized in research applications aimed at understanding SARS-CoV-2 biology and developing antiviral therapeutics. -
SARS-CoV 3CLpro Inhibitor
GRL-0496 is a potent inhibitor of SARS-CoV 3CLpro, functioning through targeting the viral protease essential for replication. It demonstrates significant enzyme inhibition with an IC50 of 30 nM and exhibits antiviral activity with an EC50 of 6.9 μM against SARS-CoV. This compound is valuable for research into antiviral therapies and the development of inhibitors aimed at addressing coronavirus infections. -
SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro Inhibitor
CCF0058981 is a noncovalent inhibitor targeting the SARS-CoV-2 3CL protease (3CLpro), with an IC50 of 68 nM. This compound also demonstrates activity against the SARS-CoV-1 3CLpro, exhibiting an IC50 of 19 nM. CCF0058981 shows promising antiviral efficacy and is a valuable tool for research applications focused on COVID-19 and coronavirus protease inhibition. -
SARS-CoV-2 Mpro Inhibitor
TKB245 is a potent inhibitor of the SARS-CoV-2 main protease (Mpro), demonstrating significant efficacy in preventing viral replication. This compound is effective in VeroE6 cells, making it a valuable tool for research on COVID-19 pathogenesis and therapeutics. Its role in protease inhibition provides insight into potential antiviral strategies against SARS-CoV-2. -
SARS-CoV-2 inhibitor
SARS-CoV-2-IN-39 is a SARS-CoV-2 inhibitor that functions by inhibiting the SKP2 protein and stabilizing BECN1. With an EC50 value of 1 μM, this compound demonstrates significant antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2. It is suitable for research applications focusing on viral pathogenesis and the development of therapeutic strategies targeting coronavirus infections. -
SARS-CoV-2 Mpro Inhibitor
CDD-1845 is a potent non-covalent, non-peptide inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 main protease (Mpro) with a Ki of 3 nM. This compound effectively inhibits various Mpro variants, including ΔP168, A173V, and ΔP168/A173V. CDD-1845 is intended for research applications focused on SARS-CoV-2 protease inhibition and therapeutic development against COVID-19. -
SARS-CoV-2 Inhibitor
Kobophenol A is an oligomeric stilbene that acts as a SARS-CoV-2 inhibitor by hindering the interaction between the ACE2 receptor and the S1-RBD, exhibiting an IC50 value of 1.81 μM. This compound effectively blocks viral infection in cellular models, with an EC50 of 71.6 μM. Additionally, Kobophenol A demonstrates inhibitory activity against partially purified rat brain protein kinase C (PKC), with an IC50 of 52 µM, making it a valuable tool for studies on viral pathogenesis and enzyme regulation. -
SARS-CoV-2 Inhibitor
PAV-104 is an identified inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2, targeting the nucleocapsid (N) protein. By disrupting the oligomerization of the nucleocapsid, PAV-104 effectively interferes with viral particle assembly, thereby impeding replication at a multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 0.01. This compound is a valuable tool for research into antiviral strategies and the mechanistic understanding of SARS-CoV-2 propagation. -
SARS-CoV-2 Inhibitor
MAT-POS-e194df51-1 is an orally active non-covalent inhibitor of the SARS-CoV-2 main protease (Mpro) with an IC50 of 37 nM. This compound exhibits significant cytotoxicity, demonstrated by EC50 values of 64 nM in A549-ACE2-TMPRSS2 cells and 126 nM in HeLa-ACE2 cells. MAT-POS-e194df51-1 can be utilized in research focusing on antiviral drug development and the pathway exploration of SARS-CoV-2 infection mechanisms. -
SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease Inhibitor
(Rac)-X77 is a potent non-covalent inhibitor of the SARS-CoV-2 main protease (Mpro). It demonstrates strong binding affinity with a Kd value of 0.057 μM, making it valuable for research into antiviral strategies against SARS-CoV-2. This compound is useful for studying protease inhibition mechanisms and developing therapeutic interventions targeting viral replication. -
SARS-CoV Inhibitor
SARS-CoV-2-IN-6 is a potent inhibitor of the SARS-CoV-2 3CL protease, exhibiting an IC50 value of 73 nM. This compound is critical for research focused on developing antiviral therapeutics against SARS-CoV-2 by targeting its main protease, which is essential for viral replication. Its efficacy makes it suitable for studies aimed at understanding the enzymatic mechanisms of the virus and the development of potential treatment strategies. -
SARS-CoV-2 3CL Protease Inhibitor
MK-7845 is a reversible covalent inhibitor targeting the 3CL protease of SARS-CoV-2, exhibiting an IC50 of 8.7 nM. This compound demonstrates potent antiviral activity, making it a valuable tool in the research of COVID-19 therapeutics. Its specificity for the 3CL protease supports investigations into the inhibition of viral replication and pathogenesis, facilitating the development of effective antiviral strategies. -
SARS-CoV-2 Inhibitor
SARS-CoV-2-IN-14 is a potent inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2, exhibiting an IC50 of 0.39 μM. This compound is a niclosamide analogue, demonstrating enhanced stability in human plasma and liver S9 enzyme assays compared to niclosamide. Due to these properties, SARS-CoV-2-IN-14 may offer improved bioavailability and prolonged half-life when administered orally, making it a valuable tool for studying antiviral mechanisms and developing therapeutic strategies against COVID-19. -
SARS-CoV-2 Mpro Inhibitor
GRL-1720 is a potent inhibitor of the SARS-CoV-2 main protease (Mpro), demonstrating an EC50 value of 15 µM. This compound exhibits significant anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity, making it a valuable tool for research related to coronavirus infection and therapeutics targeting viral replication. Its efficacy in inhibiting Mpro highlights its potential use in the development of antiviral strategies against SARS-CoV-2. -
SARS-CoV Inhibitor
Ivermectin B1a is a potent inhibitor of SARS-CoV, targeting viral replication. As a derivative of Avermectin B1a, it demonstrates significant antiviral activity and is explored as a potential therapeutic candidate against SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19. This compound serves as an important tool in research aimed at understanding and combating viral infections. -
SARS-CoV Inhibitor
SARS-CoV-IN-1 is a potent inhibitor of SARS-CoV replication, demonstrating significant antiviral activity with an EC50 of 4.9 μM in Vero cells. Additionally, SARS-CoV-IN-1 displays inhibitory effects on the 3D7 and W2 strains of Plasmodium falciparum, with IC50 values of 15.4 nM and 133.2 nM, respectively. This compound is valuable for research applications focused on both antimalarial and antiviral therapies. -
SARS-CoV Inhibitor
Ivermectin B1b is a minor component of Ivermectin with notable activity as a SARS-CoV inhibitor. This compound has demonstrated the ability to inhibit the replication of SARS-CoV-2 in cell culture, making it a valuable reagent for research applications focused on viral infection and antiviral drug development. Its anti-parasitic properties further enhance its relevance in studies addressing a wide range of biological processes. -
HIV/SARS-CoV Inhibitor
2-Hydroxyacetophenone is an inhibitor targeting HIV and SARS-CoV. This compound exhibits significant antiviral activity, making it a valuable tool for research in the development of therapeutic strategies against these viral infections. Additionally, it serves as a versatile building block for synthesis in various chemical applications. -
SARS-CoV Inhibitor
SARS-CoV-IN-3 is a potent inhibitor of SARS-CoV replication, demonstrating anti-Coronavirus activity with an EC50 value of 3.6 μM in Vero cells. Additionally, it exhibits antimalarial properties against P. falciparum strains 3D7 and W2, with IC50 values of 11.7 nM and 20.4 nM, respectively. SARS-CoV-IN-3 also effectively mitigates HIV-1-induced cytopathic effects, yielding an EC50 of 10 μM in MT-4 cells. This compound is valuable for research in virology and parasitology. -
SARS-CoV Inhibitor
SARS-CoV-IN-2 is a potent inhibitor of SARS-CoV replication, demonstrating anti-Coronavirus activity with an EC50 of 1.9 μM in Vero cells. Additionally, it exhibits significant inhibition of P. falciparum strains, showing IC50 values of 21.5 nM and 30 nM for the 3D7 and W2 strains, respectively. SARS-CoV-IN-2 also mitigates HIV-1-induced cytopathic effects, with an EC50 of 2.9 μM in MT-4 cells. This compound is valuable for research applications targeting both antiviral and antimalarial activities. -
SARS-CoV Chemical Inactivator
Propiolactone (β-propiolactone; 2-Oxetanone) functions as a viral chemical inactivator specifically targeting SARS-CoV. This compound effectively inactivates the virus, making it a crucial agent in the formulation of inactivated vaccines, such as the BPL-inactivated influenza virus vaccine (Flu-BPL). Propiolactone is recognized for its role as a bacteriostatic agent in various research applications involving viral inactivation and vaccine development. -
SARS-CoV-2 3CL Protease Inhibitor
Ensitrelvir is a selective, non-covalent, and non-peptidic inhibitor of the SARS-CoV-2 3CL protease, exhibiting an IC50 value of 13 nM. This compound has demonstrated significant antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2, making it a valuable tool for research into COVID-19 treatments. It is particularly applicable in studies focused on viral replication and therapeutic interventions targeting coronavirus proteases. -
SARS-CoV-2 Inhibitor
Simnotrelvir is a potent inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro, demonstrating an IC50 value of 0.022 µM. This compound exhibits significant antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2, making it a valuable tool in research focusing on COVID-19 treatment and prevention strategies. Its efficacy in inhibiting viral replication positions it as a critical reagent for investigations into therapeutic options for coronavirus infections. -
SARS-CoV-2 3CL Protease Inhibitor
Ensitrelvir fumarate is a non-covalent, non-peptidic inhibitor targeting the SARS-CoV-2 3CL protease, exhibiting an IC50 of 13 nM. This compound plays a critical role in the inhibition of viral replication by blocking a key enzymatic function essential for SARS-CoV-2 maturation. It is primarily utilized in research applications related to COVID-19 therapeutic development and the exploration of antiviral strategies. -
SARS-CoV-2 Mpro Inhibitor
(±)-Alliin is a compound derived from garlic, recognized for its potential inhibitory effects on the main protease of SARS-CoV-2 (Mpro). This compound demonstrates antiviral activity, making it a candidate for research aimed at understanding and combating SARS-CoV-2 replication and infection mechanisms. Its application in biochemical studies can contribute to the development of therapeutic strategies against COVID-19. -
SARS-CoV-2 Inhibitor
Leritrelvir is an orally active inhibitor of the SARS-CoV-2 main protease, displaying a slow-tight binding mechanism with a Ki value of 8.6 nM. This compound is valuable for research focused on therapeutic strategies against COVID-19, demonstrating potential in the development of antiviral agents aimed at mitigating SARS-CoV-2 replication. Its efficacy as a protease inhibitor makes it a significant candidate for studying protease-related pathways and antiviral drug design. -
SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease (3CLpro) Inhibitor
Secutrelvir is a potent inhibitor of the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease (3CLpro), demonstrating IC50 values of 0.655 nM and 0.697 nM. By forming a reversible covalent bond with the catalytic cysteine C145, Secutrelvir effectively inhibits viral replication, making it a valuable tool in combating SARS-CoV-2. Its efficacy against various SARS-CoV-2 variants supports its potential applications in research focused on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). -
SARS-CoV-2 Inhibitor
Pomotrelvir is a selective, competitive, orally active covalent inhibitor of the SARS-CoV-2 main protease (Mpro), exhibiting an IC50 of 24 nM against wild-type SARS-CoV-2 Mpro. By inhibiting viral polyprotein processing, it effectively disrupts viral replication. Pomotrelvir demonstrates broad antiviral activity against various SARS-CoV-2 variants, including Omicron, and shows an additive effect when co-administered with nucleoside analogs targeting viral RNA synthesis. It is primarily utilized in the research and development of antiviral therapeutics for COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2 and its variants. -
SARS-CoV-2 Inhibitor
Iscartrelvir is a non-covalent inhibitor that targets the 3CLpro protein of SARS-CoV-2. This compound demonstrates potent inhibitory activity against multiple SARS-CoV-2 variants, including Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta, Lambda, and Omicron, as well as two other coronaviruses, SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV. Iscartrelvir is valuable for research applications focused on antiviral strategies and the study of coronavirus proteases. -
SARS-CoV-2 Membrane Protein Inhibitor
CIM-834 is an orally bioavailable inhibitor targeting the SARS-CoV-2 membrane protein. It effectively disrupts the assembly of infectious viral particles while preserving viral RNA synthesis. In preclinical studies, CIM-834 has demonstrated a capability to reduce viral titers in lung tissues of SCID mice and prevent the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 among Syrian hamsters. Additionally, it exhibits inhibitory effects on the replication of both SARS-CoV-2 variants and SARS-CoV, making it relevant for COVID-19 research applications. -
SARS-CoV-2 Inhibitor
MPI60 is a potent inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 main protease (MPro), demonstrating significant antiviral activity and low cellular cytotoxicity. This compound exhibits high metabolic stability in vitro, making it a valuable tool for SARS-CoV-2 research and therapeutic development. Researchers can utilize MPI60 to explore the molecular mechanisms of viral replication and potential intervention strategies. -
SARS-CoV Inhibitor
GS-621763 is an orally bioavailable prodrug of GS-441524 that serves as a potent inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2. It demonstrates significant antiviral activity, effectively reducing viral load to undetectable levels in ferrets infected with SARS-CoV-2. This compound is valuable for research applications related to coronavirus pathogenesis and therapeutic strategies against COVID-19. -
SARS-CoV-2 Inhibitor
Cichoriin is a potent inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2, targeting viral replication and entry into host cells. It demonstrates significant antiviral activity, making it a valuable candidate for research into therapies for severe COVID-19. This compound may facilitate studies on the pathogenesis of the virus and the development of effective treatment strategies. -
SARS-CoV-2 MPro Inhibitor
Mpro inhibitor N3 is a potent inhibitor of the SARS-CoV-2 main protease (MPro), demonstrating an EC50 value of 16.77 µM. This compound exhibits antiviral activity not only against SARS-CoV-2 but also against other coronaviruses, including HCoV-229E, FIPV, IBV, and MHV-A59. Its ability to inhibit viral replication makes it a valuable tool for research in antiviral drug development and coronavirus disease studies. -
SARS-CoV-2 Inhibitor
AT-9010 tetrasodium is a potent inhibitor of the nucleotidyltransferase (NiRAN) domain, crucial for the replication of SARS-CoV-2. This triphosphate active metabolite of AT-527 demonstrates significant antiviral activity by disrupting viral replication processes. Its application is primarily focused on research related to SARS-CoV-2 and the development of therapeutic interventions for COVID-19.

