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Acetylcysteine is a pharmaceutical drug and nutritional supplement used primarily as a mucolytic agent and in the management of paracetamol (acetaminophen) overdose. Oral acetylcysteine is also used for the prevention of radiocontrast-induced nephropathy (a form of acute renal failure).
- Hua Xu, .et al. , Cancers (Basel), 2020, Apr; 12(4): 831 PMID: 32235588
- R Kasi, .et al. , Clinical Cancer Drugs, 2020, 2019, 7(1): 44 - 56
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Dihydropyrimidinase Inhibitor
Dihydromyricetin (Ampelopsin (flavanol); Ampeloptin) is a natural antioxidant with good prospects. -
NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitor
Isoliquiritigenin is a licorice chalconoid, a type of natural phenols that is currently under experimentation phase testing for use as a cancer treatment as well as an aide for cocaine addiction. -
RNA polymerase inhibitor
Antibiotic; inhibits bacterial RNA polymerase. Prototypical activator of the pregnane X receptor (PXR).- Meikle V, .et al. , Antimicrob Agents Chemother, 2018, Nov 12. pii: AAC.01846-18 PMID: 30420480
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Hsp90 inhibitor
Geldanamycin binds to the ATP site of Hsp90 (Kd = 1.2 μM) and inhibits its chaperone activity.- Sunayn Cheku, .et al. , Fly (Austin), 2025, Apr 25;19(1):2497565 PMID: 40277072
- Michael Heider, .et al. , Mol Cell, 2021, Mar 18;81(6):1170-1186 PMID: 33571422
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influenza virus neuraminidase inhibitor
Oseltamivir acid (GS 4071), the active metabolite of Oseltamivir phosphate, is an orally bioavailable, potent and selective inhibitor of influenza virus neuraminidase (IC50=2 nM) with activity against both influenza A and B viruses. -
influenza virus neuraminidase (NA) inhibitor
Peramivir trihydrate (RWJ-270201 trihydrate;BCX-1812 trihydrate) is a highly potent, selective and orally active influenza virus neuraminidase (NA) inhibitor, with IC50 values ranging from 0.9 to 4.3 nM for nine NA subtypes. -
viral RNA polymerase inhibitor
T-705, a substituted pyrazine compound, has been found to exhibit potent anti-influenza virus activity in vitro and in vivo.
- Dylan M Johnson, .et al. , Viruses, 2024, Jul 9;16(7):1101 PMID: 39066263
- Steven B Tillis, .et al. , Microorganisms, 2023, May 24;11(6):1371 PMID: 37374873
- Hyeon-Min Cha, .et al. , ACS Infect Dis, 2023, Apr 14;9(4):1033-1045 PMID: 36912867
- Satoko Yamaoka, .et al. , Antiviral Res, 2022, Apr;200:105291 PMID: 35296419
- Crystal A Mendoza, .et al. , Antiviral Res, 2021, Jan;185:104993 PMID: 33296695
- Liva Checkmahomed, .et al. , Viruses, 2020, Oct; 12(10): 1139 PMID: 33049959
- JE Comer, .et al. , Viruses, 2019, Feb 3;11(2). pii: E137 PMID: 30717492
- Ma J, .et al. , Antiviral Res, 2018, Feb;150:112-122 PMID: 29253498
- Ji-Ae Kim, .et al. , Viruses, 2018, Feb; 10(2): 72 PMID: 29425176
- Haejin Chun, .et al. , Polym Chem, 2018, 9: 2116-2123
- Baz M, .et al. , Viruses, 2018, Nov 3;10(11) PMID: 30400276
- Sehee Park, .et al. , PLoS One., 2014, 9(7): e101325 PMID: 24992479
- Oseltamivir is an antiviral drug, which may slow the spread of influenza (flu) virus between cells in the body by stopping the virus from chemically cutting ties with its host cell.
- Arctigenin is an antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiproliferative and antiviral agent. It inhibits LPS-induced iNOS expression via inhibition of IκBα phosphorylation and p65 nuclear translocation (IC50 = 10 nM)
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NF-κB inhibitor
SC75741 is a potent NF-kB inhibitor with EC50 of 200 nM.- Yunshang Yang, .et al. , Biomed Pharmacother, 2023, Feb;158:114113 PMID: 36516692
- Yajun Li, .et al. , Cell Prolif, 2022, Oct;55(10) PMID: 35708050
- Crystal A Mendoza, .et al. , Antiviral Res, 2021, Jan;185:104993 PMID: 33296695
- Influenza Hemagglutinin (HA) Peptide is a tag peptide derived from an epitope of the influenza hemagglutinin protein.
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antiviral agent
Daphnoretin (Dephnoretin), isolated from Wikstroemia indica, possesses antiviral activity. Daphnoretin likes PMA, may direct activation of protein kinase C which in turn activated NADPH oxidase and elicited respiratory burst. -
antiviral agent
Baloxavir marboxil is an antiviral agent. CAS: 1985605-59-1 (Baloxavir) 1985606-14-1 (Baloxavir marboxil) -
interferon inducer
Tilorone Dihydrochloride is an antiviral, antineoplastic, and anti-inflammatory agent; Orally active interferon inducer, inhibiting Ebola virus (EBOV). -
antiviral drug
Rimantadine is an orally administered antiviral drug used to treat, and in rare cases prevent, influenzavirus A infection. - N-Glycolylneuraminic acid is a nonhuman sialic acid molecule synthesized in pigs but not in humans. N-Glycolylneuraminic acid works as a decoy receptor of N-Glycolylneuraminic acid-binding influenza A viruses (IAVs).
- RIG-1 modulator 1 is an anti-viral compound which can be useful for the treatment of viral infections including influenza virus, HBV, HCV and HIV extracted from patent WO 2015172099 A1.
- 3,4'-Dihydroxyflavone (3,4'-DHF) is an oral active flavonoid with antiviral activity against Influenza A virus.
- Trimethoprim 3-oxide (Trimethoprim 3-N-oxide) is the primary metabolite of trimethoprim.
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Adenosine deaminase inhibitor
EHNA hydrochloride is a specific inhibitor of adenosine deaminase, prevents dAdo degradation and increases mitochondrial dATP levels in fibroblasts. -
broad-spectrum antiviral activity
Molnupiravir (EIDD-2801, MK-4482) is an orally bioavailable prodrug of the ribonucleoside analog β-d-N4-hydroxycytidine (NHC; EIDD-1931) with broad-spectrum antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2, MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV, and the causative agent of COVID-19. -
neuraminidase (NA) inhibitor
Laninamivir octanoate (CS-8958), a prodrug of Laninamivir, is a long-acting neuraminidase (NA) inhibitor with anti-influenza virus activity. -
anti-human influenza virus efficacy
Eleutheroside B1, a coumarin compound, has a wide spectrum of anti-human influenza virus efficacy, with an IC50 value of 64-125 ?g/ml. Antiviral and anti-inflammatory activities. -
anti-tumor agent
Sophocarpine (monohydrate) is one of the significant alkaloid extracted from the traditional herb medicine Sophora flavescens which has many pharmacological properties such as anti-virus, anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory. -
anti-infective agent
Tizoxanide is the active metabolite of Nitazoxanide, which is a thiazolide anti-infective compound against anaerobic bacteria, protozoa, and a range of viruses. Tizoxanide has anti-HIV-1 activities. -
Antiviral Agent
Amantadine (1-Adamantanamine) hydrochloride is an orally avtive and potent antiviral agent with activity against influenza A viruses. Amantadine hydrochloride inhibits several ion channels such as NMDA and M2, and also inhibits Coronavirus ion channels. Amantadine hydrochloride also has anti-orthopoxvirus and anticancer activity. Amantadine hydrochloride can be used for Parkinson's disease, postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) and COVID-19 research. -
Broad-spectrum Antiviral Agent
Moroxydine (ABOB) hydrochloride is a broad-spectrum agent with multi-antiviral activities against DNA and RNA viruses, including influenza virus, herpes simplex, varicella zoster, measles, mumps disease, hepatitis C virus, etc. Moroxydine hydrochloride exhibits excellent antiviral activity and shows low cytotoxicity to cells infected by dsRNA viruses (grass carp reovirus, GCRV) and large DNA viruses (giant salamander iridovirus, GSIV). Moroxydine hydrochloride blocks the GCRV-induced cytopathic effects and eliminates nucleocapsids in ctenopharyngodon idella kidney (CIK) cells to keep the normal morphological structure. Moroxydine hydrochloride significantly inhibits the apoptosis, the caspase 3 activity, Bax expression and down-regulates Bcl-2 levels. -
Antiviral Agent
Amantadine (1-Adamantanamine) primarily functions as an antiviral agent targeting influenza A viruses. This compound inhibits ion channels, including M2 and NMDA, and demonstrates activity against Coronavirus ion channels. In addition to its antiviral properties, Amantadine has shown potential as an anti-orthopoxvirus agent and exhibits anticancer activity. Its applications extend to studies related to Parkinson's disease, postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD), and COVID-19 research. -
Broad-spectrum Antiviral Agent
Moroxydine is a broad-spectrum antiviral agent targeting both DNA and RNA viruses, including influenza, herpes simplex, varicella zoster, and hepatitis C. It demonstrates significant antiviral efficacy while exhibiting low cytotoxicity, particularly against dsRNA viruses such as grass carp reovirus and large DNA viruses like giant salamander iridovirus. Moroxydine effectively inhibits cytopathic effects induced by GCRV and prevents the formation of nucleocapsids in renal cells, maintaining their normal morphology. Additionally, it significantly reduces apoptosis and modulates apoptosis-related proteins, including down-regulation of Bcl-2 and inhibition of caspase 3 activity. -
Influenza Virus Inhibitor
Dehydroandrographolide succinate acts as a potent inhibitor of the influenza virus. Extracted from the medicinal plant Andrographis paniculata, it exhibits immunostimulatory, anti-infective, and anti-inflammatory properties, making it valuable for research into viral pneumonia and upper respiratory tract infections. Additionally, it demonstrates antithrombotic effects by significantly reducing platelet aggregation, as evidenced by a calculated ED50 of 386.9 mg/kg. The compound also mitigates muscle atrophy through the Akt/GSK3β and MuRF-1 signaling pathways. -
Anthocyanin Compound
Cyanidin 3-sambubioside chloride is an anthocyanin compound noted for its ability to inhibit nitric oxide and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) activity. It demonstrates significant antiviral properties, specifically inhibiting influenza neuraminidase with an IC50 of 72 μM and serves as a potent H274Y mutation inhibitor. Additionally, this compound exhibits antioxidant and anti-angiogenic activities, making it suitable for various biological and pharmaceutical research applications. -
NA Inhibitor
Urolithin M5 is an orally active inhibitor of influenza virus neuraminidase, exhibiting IC50 values of approximately 174.8 μM to 257.1 μM. It effectively suppresses influenza virus replication, including strains resistant to oseltamivir, while demonstrating neuroprotective properties by reducing reactive oxygen species and inhibiting neuronal apoptosis. Urolithin M5 also promotes neurite outgrowth and protects against lung edema in infected mammals. Additionally, it interacts with key signaling proteins such as IGF1R, MAPK14, AKT1, NFKB1, and EGFR, making it a valuable reagent for research into influenza and neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's. -
IL-6 Inhibitor
Koaburaside is an IL-6 inhibitor known for its cytoprotective and anti-inflammatory properties. This natural compound exhibits significant antioxidant activity, with an IC50 value of 9.0 μM in the DPPH free radical scavenging assay. Additionally, Koaburaside effectively reduces histamine release and downregulates the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF-α in human mast cells. It also demonstrates inhibitory effects on influenza A neuraminidase, highlighting its potential applications in inflammatory and viral research. -
Antimicrobial Agent
Streptothricin E is a potent antimicrobial agent with broad-spectrum antibacterial and antifungal properties. It exhibits effective inhibitory activity against various bacterial and fungal strains, making it valuable in microbiological research and therapeutic applications. Additionally, Streptothricin E has been shown to inhibit the PR-8 strain of influenza virus in tissue culture, highlighting its potential utility in virology studies. -
Fungal
Aureonitol is a fungal metabolite that targets the surface glycoprotein hemagglutinin of the influenza virus, effectively exhibiting anti-influenza activity. This compound demonstrates potential for therapeutic applications in the development of antiviral agents, making it valuable for research in virology and infectious disease studies. Its mechanism of action suggests further investigation into its use for combating influenza virus infections. -
Antimicrobial Agent
Biclotymol is an antimicrobial agent primarily targeting gram-positive cocci. It effectively inhibits the growth of Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae, displaying a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 150 μM. Additionally, Biclotymol demonstrates anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties, making it relevant for research applications in otolaryngological infections and throat pain management. -
Nonionic Surfactant
Polyethylene glycol mono(4-tert-octylphenyl) ether is a nonionic surfactant that effectively solubilizes lipid membranes, facilitating various laboratory applications. It serves as a crucial excipient in the formulation of vaccines, including split virus influenza vaccines, and is integral during different stages of vaccine manufacturing. In addition to its role in vaccine development, this compound has demonstrated the ability to induce apoptosis in prostate and colon cancer cell lines and to diminish the infectivity of enveloped viruses, such as West Nile Virus (WNV). -
P2X3 Receptor Antagonist
Aurintricarboxylic acid is a selective allosteric antagonist of the P2X3 receptor, demonstrating nanomolar potency with IC50 values of 72.9 nM for rP2X3R and 8.6 nM for rP2X1R. It exhibits significant anti-influenza activity by inhibiting neuraminidase and serves as a topoisomerase II inhibitor, influencing apoptosis mechanisms. Additionally, aurintricarboxylic acid modulates the TWEAK-Fn14 signaling pathway and acts as a cystathionine-lyase inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.6 μM. Its role in regulating miRNA function is also noteworthy, with an IC50 of 0.47 µM, making it valuable for various biological research applications. -
SCD1 Inhibitor
SSI-4 is a potent stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD1) inhibitor with an EC50 of 1.9 nM for mouse SCD1. By blocking the conversion of saturated fatty acids to monounsaturated fatty acids, SSI-4 effectively reduces oleic and palmitoleic acid production. It promotes lipid peroxidation, induces endoplasmic reticulum stress, and activates apoptotic pathways. Additionally, SSI-4 inhibits mTORC1 activity, suppresses B cell proliferation and antibody production, and induces autophagy. This compound is valuable for studies related to cancers such as acute myeloid leukemia and renal cell carcinoma, as well as influenza infections. -
IMPDH Inhibitor
Mycophenolic acid sodium is a potent uncompetitive inhibitor of inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH), with an EC50 of 0.24 µM. This compound exhibits antiviral activity against various RNA viruses, including influenza, alongside its immunosuppressive properties. Additionally, Mycophenolic acid sodium demonstrates antiangiogenic and antitumor effects, making it valuable for research in immunology, virology, and cancer therapy. -
Antioxidant Agent
Clovamide is a natural phenolic compound that functions as a potent antioxidant agent. It effectively scavenges reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxygen radicals, demonstrating significant anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties. Additionally, Clovamide exhibits antimicrobial activity against human pathogens such as influenza A subtype H5N1, Trypanosoma evansi, and Helicobacter pylori, making it valuable for various biological research applications.

