Microbiology

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  1. Drug Scaffold

    Isoxazole is a five-membered heterocyclic compound that serves as a drug scaffold, primarily targeting BET bromodomains. It has demonstrated efficacy in enhancing β-cell function in diabetic mouse models and exhibits a wide range of biological activities, including antimicrobial, antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, analgesic, and anti-diabetic properties. Isoxazole and its derivatives, such as bicyclic and tricyclic forms, have shown potential as inhibitors of HSP90 and selective multidrug resistance protein (MRP1), respectively, making them valuable for various therapeutic applications in chemical research.
  2. PI-3 Virus Inhibitor

    Tetrahydroepiberberine is an isoquinoline alkaloid derived from Corydalis impatiens. It exhibits significant antifungal properties and demonstrates selective inhibitory effects against the PI-3 virus. This compound is valuable for research applications focused on viral pathogenesis and the development of antiviral therapeutics.
  3. Fungicides

    HWY-289 is a semisynthetic protoberberine derivative targeting phytopathogenic fungi. It exhibits broad-spectrum activity, particularly effective against Botrytis cinerea with an EC50 of 1.34 μg/mL. HWY-289 alters mycelial morphology and disrupts cellular internal structure, leading to reduced ATP content and ATPase activity, as well as inhibition of key enzymes within the TCA cycle. These properties make HWY-289 a valuable tool for research in fungal physiology and plant pathology.
  4. Bactericide

    3-Nitrobenzoic acid is a bactericidal compound with significant antibacterial and antifungal properties. It effectively targets and eliminates various bacterial strains and fungi, making it a valuable tool in microbial research. Additionally, certain bacteria, such as Pseudomonas, and fungi, including white rot fungi, can degrade or reduce 3-Nitrobenzoic acid into aldehydes and alcohols, providing insights into metabolic pathways and bioremediation applications.
  5. Antifungal

    5-n-Heneicosylresorcinol is an n-alkyl(enyl)resorcinol derived from cereal products found in Colombia, exhibiting significant antifungal properties. This compound demonstrates potential efficacy against various fungal strains, making it valuable for research focused on antifungal agents and their mechanisms of action. Its unique structure and biological activity facilitate investigations into the development of novel therapeutic applications in combating fungal infections.
  6. Tyrosinase Inhibitor

    Geranic acid is a tyrosinase inhibitor with demonstrated antifungal properties, exhibiting an IC50 range of 0.14-2.3 mM against mushroom tyrosinase. This compound significantly reduces the viability of human pancreatic cancer cells and B-lymphoma cells, highlighting its potential in cancer research. Additionally, geranic acid effectively inhibits the mycelial growth of maize pathogens such as Colletotrichum graminicola and Fusarium graminearum. It serves as a valuable reagent for studies on fungal infections, pancreatic cancer, and B-lymphoma.
  7. Antifungal Agent

    Pivalophenone (2,2-Dimethylpropiophenone) is a dimethylated compound that serves as an effective antifungal agent. It demonstrates significant inhibitory activity against E. floccosum C 114, with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 50 µg/mL. This compound can be utilized in research applications focused on fungal infections and the development of antifungal therapies.
  8. Antifungal Agent

    Eleutherol is a naphthalene derivative derived from E. americana, exhibiting significant antifungal properties. It effectively targets various yeast species, including Candida albicans, C. tropicalis, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and Cryptococcus neoformans, with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values ranging from 7.8 µg/mL to 250 µg/mL. Additionally, Eleutherol inhibits α-glucosidase activity, presenting an IC50 greater than 1.00 mM, indicating its potential for further research in antifungal applications and enzyme inhibition studies.
  9. Antifungal Agent

    NP-BTA is an allosteric inhibitor of glutaminyl-tRNA synthetase (GlnRS), demonstrating significant antifungal activity. It exhibits an MIC50 of 6.25 μM against Candida albicans, making it a valuable tool for research applications focused on fungal infections. Its mechanism contributes to the understanding of tRNA synthetase inhibition in the context of antifungal drug development.
  10. Fungal Inhibitor

    Xanthyletin is a coumarin compound derived from Stauranthus perforatus that acts primarily as a fungal inhibitor. It exhibits notable anti-tumor and antibacterial activities, making it valuable for various research applications in microbiology and cancer studies. Additionally, Xanthyletin effectively inhibits the symbiotic fungus cultivated by leaf-cutting ants, further highlighting its potential in ecological and agricultural research.
  11. Chalcone Derivative

    4'-Hydroxy-2,4-dimethoxychalcone is a chalcone derivative primarily derived from the red herbal resin of Dracaena cochinchinensis. This compound exhibits a diverse array of biological activities, including antimalarial, antiprotozoal, antibacterial, and antifungal effects. Due to its broad-spectrum properties, it serves as a valuable tool in pharmaceutical research and development, particularly in the exploration of novel antimicrobial and antiparasitic therapies.
  12. Antifungal Agent

    Thifluzamide is a potent antifungal agent that targets the ubiquinone-binding site of mitochondrial complex II, effectively inhibiting fungal respiration. This compound demonstrates significant activity against Basidiomycota pathogens, including genera such as Rhizoctonia, Ustilago, and Puccinia, making it valuable in studies related to wheat sharp eyespot. Additionally, Thifluzamide plays a dual role in lipid metabolism regulation by decreasing fatty acid synthase activity and enhancing carnitine palmitoyltransferase-I activity, leading to reduced cholesterol and triglyceride levels. However, caution is advised due to its potential hepatotoxic effects observed in zebrafish models and the risk of developmental toxicity.
  13. antifungal agent

    Rolusafine is an antifungal agent that inhibits fungal growth through the disruption of cellular membrane integrity. It has demonstrated significant activity against various fungal strains, making it a valuable tool for research focused on fungal infections and therapeutic strategies. Its effectiveness in the laboratory setting supports investigations into antifungal resistance and the development of new antifungal therapies.
  14. Antifungal Agent

    Resorcinol monoacetate, an antifungal agent, is a derivative of resorcinol. This compound exhibits significant antifungal activity and is applied in the study of various skin infections, including acne, seborrheic dermatitis, and tinea pedis. Its utility in dermatological research makes it a valuable reagent for investigating treatment options for these conditions.
  15. Fungicide

    Spiroxamine is a fungicide that acts by inhibiting the biosynthesis of sterols in fungal cell membranes, ultimately leading to cell death. This compound demonstrates effective control over a variety of fungal pathogens, making it particularly suitable for use in grape cultivation. Its low-residue profile ensures minimal impact on post-harvest fruit quality, supporting agricultural practices aimed at sustainable crop production.
  16. Singlet Oxygen Quencher

    Pallidol is a potent singlet oxygen quencher that exhibits strong antioxidant properties. It has demonstrated antifungal activity, making it valuable for research applications focused on oxidative stress and fungal infections. This compound is ideal for studies investigating oxidative damage and the protective mechanisms of antioxidants in biological systems.
  17. Fungicide

    Tetraconazole is a selective irreversible inhibitor of 14-α-sterol demethylase (CYP51), exhibiting potent antifungal activity. By competitively binding to CYP51, tetraconazole disrupts ergosterol synthesis in fungi, leading to compromised cell membrane integrity. The compound demonstrates an EC50 of 0.382-0.802 mg/L against wheat pathogens and 6.7 mg/L for inhibiting onion root tip meristem cell growth. Additionally, (R)-(+)-Tetraconazole is 1.49-1.98 times more active than its (S)-(-) counterpart and can induce oxidative stress and chromosomal aberrations in plant cells, making it valuable for agricultural research applications.
  18. Anti-fungal Agent

    Eberconazole nitrate is a dichlorinated imidazole derivative that exhibits potent antifungal properties by targeting fungal cell membranes. It demonstrates enhanced efficacy against a range of dermatophytes, making it a valuable compound for studying dermatophytosis and related fungal infections. This reagent is suitable for research applications focused on antifungal drug development and the mechanistic understanding of fungal pathogenesis.
  19. Fungal

    7-Prenyloxycoumarin (7-O-Prenylumbelliferone) is a natural compound derived from the endophytic fungus Annulohypoxylon ilanense, primarily targeting fungal organisms. This secondary metabolite exhibits significant antifungal activity, making it a valuable reagent for investigating fungal biology and developing antifungal treatments. Its unique structural features and biological properties support its application in research focused on antimicrobial discovery and therapeutic development.
  20. Actin Disrupter

    Swinholide A is an actin disrupter that binds to actin with a dissociation constant (Kd) of approximately 50 nM, facilitating the dimerization of actin. This marine polyketide functions as a microfilament-disrupting agent, stabilizing actin dimers while severing existing actin filaments, thereby profoundly affecting the actin cytoskeleton in cells. Additionally, Swinholide A exhibits antifungal activity, making it a valuable tool for research in cellular dynamics and fungal pathogenesis.
  21. Cytochrome P-450 Inhibitor

    Flusilazole is a potent cytochrome P-450 inhibitor with broad-spectrum fungicidal activity. It is commonly employed in research related to fungal infections, providing insights into metabolic pathways and therapeutic interventions. Its mechanism of action offers valuable applications in evaluating and understanding the role of P-450 enzymes in various biological contexts.
  22. CHS Inhibitor

    2,3,5-Tri-O-benzyl-D-ribose is a potent inhibitor of chitin synthase (CHS) in Botrytis cinerea, exhibiting an IC50 value of 1.8 μM. This compound demonstrates significant antifungal activity, capable of inhibiting the B. cinerea BD90 strain with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 190 μM. It is valuable for research applications aimed at understanding fungal growth and developing novel antifungal agents.
  23. Antifungal Agent

    3,5-Dimethoxybenzaldehyde is an antifungal agent targeting cell wall integrity in yeast and fungi. It demonstrates effective antifungal activity against Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell wall integrity mutants (slt2Δ and bck1Δ) as well as Aspergillus fumigatus MAPK mutants (sakAΔ and mpkCΔ). This compound is valuable for research applications focusing on fungal biology and mechanisms of antifungal resistance.
  24. Immunosuppressant

    Chlorphenesin is a reversible antigen-associated immunosuppressant that acts by modulating immune responses. It exhibits antibacterial and antifungal properties, making it suitable for use in various eye care formulations. This compound is relevant for research applications involving immunology and microbiology, particularly in the study of immune modulation and pathogen resistance.
  25. Chitinase Inhibitor

    Cyclo(Arg-Pro) is a potent chitinase inhibitor that effectively inhibits cell separation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae without compromising its growth. Additionally, Cyclo(Arg-Pro) prevents the morphological transition of Candida albicans from its yeast form to a filamentous state. This compound is valuable for research applications involving fungal morphology and cell separation processes.
  26. Organic Acid

    Aconitic acid is an organic acid that acts as a key intermediate in the citric acid cycle. This compound exhibits notable antifungal activity, making it a valuable reagent for research in mycology and metabolic studies. Its ability to inhibit fungal growth positions it as a promising candidate for investigations into antifungal mechanisms and therapeutic applications.
  27. Fungicide

    Imazalil is a potent fungicide that primarily targets fungal pathogens in agricultural settings. It exhibits significant oral bioactivity and strongly activates the mouse pregnane X receptor (mPXR), while having minimal effect on the mouse constitutive androstane receptor (mCAR). Research indicates that Imazalil can induce developmental abnormalities, disrupt gut microbiota, and interfere with hepatic metabolism, making it valuable for studies on environmental toxicology and agricultural practices.
  28. Fungal Inhibitor

    Dihydrosanguinarine is a natural compound known for its antifungal properties, primarily acting as a fungal inhibitor. Isolated from the leaves of Macleaya microcarpa, it exhibits significant biological activity against various fungal species. This compound has potential research applications in investigating antifungal mechanisms and exploring its anticancer properties.
  29. Antifungal/Exosome Inhibitor

    Neticonazole is an imidazole derivative that functions as a potent and long-lasting antifungal agent. Its primary mechanism involves inhibiting fungal cell membrane synthesis, making it effective against a variety of fungal infections. Additionally, Neticonazole exhibits anti-infective and potential anti-cancer properties, making it valuable for research applications in both infectious disease and cancer therapy.
  30. Antibacterial Agent

    L18-MDP is a derivative of muramyl dipeptide, functioning primarily as an antibacterial agent. It exhibits significant antibacterial activity, making it a valuable candidate for research in the treatment of bacterial and fungal infections. Its mechanism of action involves immune system stimulation, potentially enhancing host defense responses against microbial pathogens.
  31. Fungal Inhibitor

    Corypalmine is a naturally occurring alkaloid derived from Stephania cepharantha, known for its antifungal properties. It primarily targets fungal cells, inhibiting their growth and proliferation. This compound is useful in various research applications focused on fungal infections and the development of antifungal therapies.
  32. Deuterated Posaconazole

    Posaconazole-d4 is a deuterated derivative of Posaconazole, a second-generation triazole antifungal agent. This compound exhibits broad-spectrum antifungal activity, inhibiting the biosynthesis of ergosterol, a vital component of fungal cell membranes. Posaconazole-d4 is primarily utilized in pharmacokinetic studies and metabolic research to trace and quantify the metabolic pathways of Posaconazole in various biological systems.
  33. Fungicide Agent

    Cyprodinil is a broad-spectrum anilinopyrimidine fungicide with a primary mechanism of inhibiting fungal methionine biosynthesis. It effectively protects fruits and vegetables from various plant-pathogenic fungi and also exhibits both anti-androgenic and androgenic activities. Cyprodinil is applicable in research focused on fungal resistance mechanisms and agricultural protection strategies.
  34. Antifungal Agent

    6-Hydroxycoumarin functions primarily as an antifungal agent, demonstrating significant antifungal properties. This compound also exhibits anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, vasodilatory, anti-bacterial, anti-amoebic, and antitumor activities. It is valuable for research in various fields, including pharmacology and medicinal chemistry, particularly for the exploration of natural product derivatives in therapeutic applications.
  35. Fungal Inhibitor

    Multifungin (Bromochlorosalicylanilide) is a potent antifungal agent that inhibits fungal growth, making it particularly effective in treating oral candidiasis. This compound disrupts the formation and accumulation of Zearalenone and is effective in reducing fungal populations in stored-crushed corn. Multifungin is valuable for various research applications aimed at understanding fungal infections and developing antifungal therapies.
  36. CaFBA Inhibitor

    FBA-IN-1 is a first-in-class, covalent allosteric inhibitor of fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase (CaFBA) derived from Candida albicans. This compound effectively inhibits the growth of azole-resistant strains with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC80) of 1 µg/mL. Its unique mechanism of action positions FBA-IN-1 as a valuable tool in antifungal research, particularly for studying drug-resistant pathogens and exploring new therapeutic avenues.
  37. Antifungal Agent

    Lanoconazole is a potent imidazole antifungal agent that demonstrates significant activity against a wide range of fungi both in vitro and in vivo. Its primary mechanism involves the inhibition of sterol 14-alpha demethylase, leading to disrupted ergosterol biosynthesis within fungal cell membranes. Lanoconazole is valuable for research applications focusing on dermatophytosis and onychomycosis, providing insights into fungal infections and potential therapeutic interventions.
  38. Antifungal Agent

    Prothioconazole is a triazolinthione fungicide that primarily acts as a CYP51 inhibitor. This compound exhibits potent antifungal activity, making it effective against a variety of fungal pathogens. It is widely utilized in agricultural research and plant pathology to study fungal resistance and to develop innovative fungicidal strategies.
  39. Fungicide

    Diniconazole is a systemic fungicide that acts by inhibiting the biosynthesis of sterols, thereby disrupting fungal cell membrane formation. It demonstrates potent fungicidal activity against various plant pathogens, including Botrytis cinerea, Sordaria fumigata, Fusarium graminearum, Sclerotium cepivororum, and Bipolaris sorokiniana, with IC50 values ranging from 0.001 to 0.06 mg/L. Diniconazole is utilized in research aimed at managing plant fungal diseases and regulating plant growth, making it valuable for agricultural and botanical studies.
  40. Chitin Deacetylase Inhibitor

    Benzohydroxamic acid (BHA) is a potent inhibitor of chitin deacetylase (CDA), demonstrating significant antifungal activity. With Ki values of 8.31 μM against CDA from Verticillium dahliae and 9.83 μM against CDA from Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici, BHA effectively restores defense responses in infected host plants by upregulating defense-related gene expression. Its application is crucial in research focused on mitigating agricultural fungal diseases, including those caused by Verticillium dahliae and Puccinia striiformis, contributing to the control of cotton wilt and wheat stripe rust.
  41. Antifungal Agent/HIV-1 Inhibitor

    Amphotericin B methyl ester is a methyl ester derivative of the polyene antibiotic Amphotericin B, targeting cell membranes through cholesterol binding. Exhibiting potent antifungal activity, it effectively disrupts the structural integrity of fungal cells. Additionally, Amphotericin B methyl ester has demonstrated the ability to inhibit HIV-1 particle production and replication, making it valuable for research in both antifungal therapies and HIV-1 studies.
  42. Fungal Gwt1 Enzyme Inhibitor

    APX2039 is a potent inhibitor of the fungal Gwt1 enzyme, functioning through its ability to disrupt glycosylphosphatidyl inositol (GPI) anchoring of cell wall mannoproteins. This compound demonstrates significant anticryptococcal activity against Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii. APX2039 is applicable in research focused on Cryptococcal meningitis (CM) and offers valuable insights into fungal pathogenesis and treatment strategies.
  43. Fungal Inhibitor

    Triflumizole is an imidazole fungicide that functions by inhibiting ergosterol biosynthesis, which is essential for fungal cell membrane integrity. This compound is effective against a range of fungal pathogens, particularly in the management of powdery mildew and scabs on various fruits and crops. It serves as a valuable tool in agricultural research and crop protection strategies.
  44. Antibiotic

    Pyrrolnitrin is an antibiotic derived from Pseudomonas pyrrocinia, demonstrating potent activity against a wide range of fungal pathogens, yeast, and gram-positive bacteria. This compound is utilized extensively in research to explore antimicrobial mechanisms and develop therapeutic strategies against resistant infections. Its broad-spectrum effectiveness makes it a valuable tool in microbiological studies and antibiotic susceptibility testing.
  45. Fungal Inhibitor

    Viridicatol is a quinolinone alkaloid derived from the fermentation of the endophytic fungus Penicillium sp. R22 in Nerium indicum. This compound exhibits significant antifungal activity against Staphylococcus aureus, with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 15.6 μg/mL. Viridicatol is suitable for research applications focused on fungal inhibition and antimicrobial activity studies.
  46. Antifungal Agent

    Sulcatone (6-Methyl-5-hepten-2-one) acts primarily as an antifungal agent, exhibiting effective inhibitory properties against various fungal species. This plant-derived volatile organic compound also demonstrates insecticidal activity and has potential applications in studies related to insect pheromones and endogenous metabolites. Additionally, alterations in Sulcatone levels may serve as a complementary diagnostic marker for ulcerative colitis, highlighting its relevance in both pharmacological and research settings.
  47. Antifungal Agent

    Fenhexamid is an antifungal agent that acts as a sterol biosynthesis inhibitor. It exhibits potent fungicidal activity against the plant pathogenic fungus Botryotinia fuckeliana, commonly known as Botrytis cinerea. This compound is widely utilized in agricultural research to control fungal diseases in various crops, providing valuable insights into plant-fungal interactions and crop protection strategies.
  48. Anti-fungal Agent

    trans-Nerolidol serves as an anti-fungal agent with additional properties that enhance chemotherapeutic efficacy. It improves the anti-proliferative effects of Doxorubicin (DOX) against intestinal and breast cancer cells in vitro by increasing DOX accumulation within these cells. Additionally, trans-Nerolidol has been shown to activate apoptosis in vivo, making it a valuable compound for cancer research and therapeutic applications.
  49. Anthelmintic

    Broxaldine is an anthelmintic agent that exhibits activity against Clostridium difficile with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 4 µM. In addition to its primary use, Broxaldine demonstrates antifungal properties, making it a valuable compound for research in protozoal and fungal infections. Its broad-spectrum efficacy positions it as a useful tool for studying parasitic diseases and developing novel therapeutic strategies.
  50. Antifungal Agent

    Chlormidazole hydrochloride is an antifungal agent that demonstrates inhibitory activity against a range of fungi and select gram-positive cocci. This compound is particularly effective in treating fungal and bacterial infections affecting the nails and skin, including conditions such as interdigital and periungual mycoses. It is a valuable reagent for research applications focused on antifungal therapies and the study of related infections.

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