Peptides

Items 1501-1550 of 3079

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  1. Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide

    [Tyr0] Gastric Inhibitory Peptide (23-42), human is a variant of the glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) that primarily targets the regulation of gastric acid secretion. It acts as a weak inhibitor of gastric acid release while promoting insulin secretion in a glucose-dependent manner. This peptide is useful in research focused on diabetes and obesity, helping to elucidate the mechanisms of metabolic regulation and potential therapeutic interventions.
  2. Bioactive Peptide

    IRS-1 Peptide, FAM labeled, is a bioactive peptide that acts as a crucial signaling mediator in insulin signaling pathways. This peptide facilitates the study of insulin receptor substrate interactions and downstream signaling events, making it an essential tool for research in diabetes, obesity, and metabolic disorders. The FAM labeling allows for convenient detection and analysis in various biochemical assays, enhancing visualization and quantification in cellular studies.
  3. Insulin-Releasing Peptide

    CPF-7, a precursor fragment of caerulein, functions as an insulin-releasing peptide by stimulating insulin secretion. Additionally, it promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition through the upregulation of Snai1 expression in PANC-1 ductal cells and induces exocrine plasticity by enhancing Ngn3 expression. This peptide is valuable for research applications focused on the mechanisms of type 2 diabetes and pancreatic cell plasticity.
  4. Antitumour Peptide

    Tigapotide is an antitumor peptide that primarily targets cancer cell apoptosis and tumor-associated signaling pathways. It effectively reduces the development of skeletal metastases in prostate cancer by lowering levels of parathyroid hormone-related peptide (PTHrP). This compound is valuable for research applications focused on understanding metastatic processes and developing targeted therapies for prostate cancer.
  5. Antitumor Peptide

    Tumor Targeted Pro-Apoptotic Peptide (CNGRC-GG-D(KLAKLAK)2) is designed to selectively induce apoptosis in cancer cells through the disruption of mitochondrial membranes. Its pro-apoptotic properties exhibit significant anticancer activity in preclinical models, providing a promising avenue for cancer research and therapeutic development. This peptide serves as a valuable tool for investigating targeted apoptosis mechanisms in tumor biology.
  6. Antiangiogenic TSP Peptide

    ABT-510 is an anti-angiogenic thrombospondin-1 (TSP) peptide analogue that promotes apoptosis and suppresses tumor growth in epithelial ovarian cancer utilizing an orthotopic, syngeneic model. Additionally, ABT-510 demonstrates the ability to diminish angiogenesis and inflammatory responses in a murine model of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). This reagent serves as a valuable tool for research focused on cancer therapies, particularly regarding ovarian cancer, as well as studies related to inflammatory bowel disease.
  7. Peptide Ligand

    SP94 is a peptide ligand that exhibits high specificity for hepatocellular carcinoma cells. It selectively binds to various hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines in vitro, demonstrating significant inhibition of tumor growth in mouse models by promoting apoptosis and reducing angiogenesis. SP94 serves as a valuable tool for imaging and studying hepatocellular carcinoma, facilitating research into targeted therapies and diagnostic applications.
  8. Pro-Apoptotic Peptide

    CIGB-300 is a pro-apoptotic peptide that targets casein kinase 2 (CK2). It exhibits potent anticancer activity by disrupting CK2 phosphorylation, leading to apoptosis in various tumor cell lines. This compound is valuable for cancer research, particularly in studies focused on apoptosis and CK2 modulation.
  9. Antimicrobial Peptide

    CRAMP (mouse) is an antimicrobial peptide that exhibits potent activity against a range of microbial pathogens. Its primary mechanism involves disrupting microbial membranes, which is critical in combating biofilm-associated infections. This peptide is a valuable tool for researchers investigating novel therapeutic strategies for chronic infections and the development of antimicrobial treatments.
  10. Antifungal Cyclic Dipeptide

    Cyclo(L-Phe-L-Pro) is an antifungal cyclic dipeptide that selectively targets the retinoic-acid-inducible gene-I (RIG-I) pathway, thereby inhibiting IFN-β production. Isolated from cell-free culture supernatants of Pseudomonas fluorescens and Pseudomonas alcaligenes, this compound demonstrates significant free-radical scavenging ability, with an IC50 of 24 µM in the DPPH assay. It serves as a valuable reagent in studies related to antifungal mechanisms and oxidative stress response.
  11. Antimicrobial Peptide

    Magainin 2 is an antimicrobial peptide (AMP) derived from the skin of the African clawed frog, Xenopus laevis. This peptide exhibits potent antibiotic activity against a wide range of gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria, as well as efficacy against protozoan pathogens. Magainin 2 induces cytotoxicity through preferential interactions with anionic phospholipids in bacterial cell membranes, making it a valuable tool for research in antimicrobial mechanisms and peptide-based therapeutics.
  12. Endogenous Metabolite

    Glucagon-Like Peptide (GLP) II, human is a 33-amino acid peptide derived from the C-terminal region of proglucagon, primarily synthesized by intestinal L cells. It plays a crucial role in promoting intestinal mucosal growth and inhibiting enterocyte apoptosis. This peptide is valuable in research focused on gastrointestinal health, metabolism, and potential therapeutic applications in intestinal disorders.
  13. EGFRvIII Epitope

    EGFRvIII peptide is a synthetic epitope derived from the EGFRvIII variant, specifically designed to bind to MHC I molecules. This peptide is known to induce apoptosis and elicit targeted immune responses against glioblastoma, particularly when used in conjunction with Flagellin B. It is a valuable tool for research in cancer immunotherapy and the development of personalized medicine approaches for glioblastoma treatment.
  14. Mitochondrial-Derived Peptide

    SHLP-6 is a mitochondrial-derived peptide that plays a significant role in regulating apoptosis. This biologically active microprotein, encoded by the MT-RNR2 gene, has been shown to enhance apoptotic processes in insulinoma NIT1 cells and human prostate cancer 22Rv1 cells. SHLP-6 is a valuable tool for investigations into the mechanisms underlying diabetes and cancer.
  15. Anti-tumor Peptide

    Pantinin-3 is an anti-tumor peptide derived from the venom of the emperor scorpion (Pandinus imperator). This peptide exhibits selective cytotoxicity towards breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231) and prostate cancer cells (DU-145), effectively inducing apoptosis in these tumor cell lines. Pantinin-3 serves as a valuable tool in cancer research, particularly for studies focused on novel therapeutic approaches targeting malignancies.
  16. Cytotoxic Depsipeptide

    Coibamide A is a cytotoxic depsipeptide that exhibits potent antiproliferative activity. It induces autophagosome accumulation through an mTOR-independent pathway and triggers apoptosis in target cells. Additionally, Coibamide A effectively inhibits VEGFA/VEGFR2 expression, contributing to its ability to suppress tumor growth in glioblastoma xenograft models. This compound is valuable for research applications focused on cancer therapy and autophagy modulation.
  17. Anticancer Peptide

    CIGB-552 is a cell-penetrating peptide that targets tumor cells to exert anti-cancer effects, demonstrating an IC50 of 23 μM in H460 lung cancer cells. This peptide enhances the expression of the protein COMMD1 and significantly inhibits the NF-κB signaling pathway, leading to increased apoptosis in tumor cells. Additionally, CIGB-552 induces the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and exhibits both anti-inflammatory and anti-angiogenic properties. It is particularly relevant for research into lung and colon cancers.
  18. Peptide Toxin

    LVTX-8 is a peptide toxin derived from Lycosa vittata that targets lung cancer cells through specific signaling pathways. It exhibits potent anticancer and anti-metastatic activities, characterized by strong cytotoxic effects that induce apoptosis while inhibiting proliferation, invasion, and migration of these cells. Research applications include its use in understanding tumor growth inhibition and metastasis in preclinical models, such as A549/H460 xenograft mice. LVTX-8's mechanism involves modulation of P53 hypoxia pathways and integrin signaling, making it a valuable tool for cancer biology research.
  19. Antimicrobial Anticancer Peptide

    d-(KLAKLAK)2 is a pro-apoptotic peptide that targets both antimicrobial and anticancer pathways. This peptide effectively disrupts bacterial cell membranes, leading to cell lysis and leakage of cellular contents. Additionally, d-(KLAKLAK)2 induces apoptosis in tumor cells by promoting mitochondrial swelling and destabilizing mitochondrial membranes, thus inhibiting tumor cell proliferation. This compound is valuable for researchers investigating antimicrobial strategies and cancer therapies.
  20. Active Peptide

    HKPao (Hunter-killer peptide ao) is a biologically active peptide that targets apoptotic pathways. It exhibits pro-apoptotic activity by promoting the release of cytochrome c from intracellular vesicles, contributing to its anti-obesity and anti-tumor effects. This peptide is useful for research applications focused on apoptosis, cancer biology, and metabolic disorders.
  21. Antimicrobial Peptide

    Pantinin-1 is an antimicrobial peptide derived from the venom of the Pandinus imperator scorpion, primarily targeting microbial pathogens. It exhibits potent antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive bacteria and fungi, while displaying minimal efficacy against Gram-negative bacteria; it also shows low hemolytic activity towards human erythrocytes. Additionally, Pantinin-1 demonstrates anticancer properties by inducing apoptosis in tumor cells, making it a valuable reagent for research in antimicrobial and cancer therapies.
  22. Targeted Peptide

    TI-16 is a targeted peptide that selectively binds to β-amyloid (Aβ) protein and effectively crosses the blood-brain barrier. By increasing intracellular free calmodulin (CaM) concentration, TI-16 helps restore calcium ion homeostasis, thereby mitigating Aβ toxicity. This peptide has been demonstrated to reduce Aβ deposition in the brain, enhance neuronal health, inhibit cell apoptosis, and improve cognitive function in mouse models. TI-16 serves as a valuable reagent for research into Alzheimer's disease pathology and therapeutic strategies.
  23. EP3

    Antimicrobial Peptide

    EP3 is an antimicrobial peptide that exhibits significant antibacterial and antifungal properties. It effectively inhibits the growth of E. gallinarum, P. pyocyanea, A. baumannii, and K. terrigena, with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 12.85 μg/mL. Additionally, EP3 demonstrates antitumor activity by inducing apoptosis in cancer cells, making it a valuable tool for research in microbiology and cancer biology.
  24. Apoptosis Inducer

    Bax BH3 peptide (55-74), wild type is a 20-amino acid peptide derived from the BH3 domain of Bax, a pro-apoptotic protein that promotes cell death through mitochondrial pathway activation. This peptide is effective in inducing apoptosis across various cell line models and serves as a valuable tool for studying apoptosis mechanisms and the role of BH3-only proteins in cellular processes. Researchers can utilize this peptide for investigations into cancer therapeutics and programmed cell death pathways.
  25. TLR-2/TLR-6 Agonist

    Macrophage-activating lipopeptide 2 (MALP-2) is an agonist of Toll-like receptors TLR-2 and TLR-6, which plays a critical role in immune response modulation. MALP-2 enhances phosphorylation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and stimulates nitric oxide (NO) release from endothelial cells, promoting vasodilation. Additionally, it facilitates the adhesion of white blood cells in endothelium and supports perfusion recovery and collateral vessel growth in hypercholesterolemic Apoe-deficient mouse models during femoral artery ligation experiments. This makes MALP-2 a valuable tool for studying vascular biology and immune response in cardiovascular research.
  26. IRF5 Inhibitory Peptide

    PTD-N5-1 is an inhibitory peptide targeting Interferon Regulatory Factor 5 (IRF5). This compound effectively blocks β-glucan-induced IL-12 production in both interferon-gamma-primed wild-type and Clec2d-deficient bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs). By suppressing IRF5-mediated IL-12 production, PTD-N5-1 plays a critical role in regulating antifungal immunity, making it valuable for research applications focused on immune response modulation.
  27. Immunoreactive Peptide

    Muramyl dipeptide (MDP) is a synthetic immunoreactive peptide that targets NLRP1 and plays a significant role in bone formation. It induces osteoblast differentiation by up-regulating Runx2 gene expression via MAPK signaling pathways. Muramyl dipeptide is widely utilized in research focused on bone metabolism and immunological responses.
  28. Bioactive Peptide

    TriDAP (L-Ala-γ-D-Glu-meso-diaminopimelic acid) is a bioactive peptide that functions as a specific activator of the Nod1 receptor. This compound is known to induce immune responses and modulate inflammatory pathways, making it valuable for research in immunology and host-pathogen interactions. TriDAP can be utilized to study the mechanisms of innate immunity and the role of pattern recognition receptors in various disease models.
  29. Bioactive Peptide

    C12-iE-DAP (Lauroyl-γ-D-glutamyl-meso-diaminopimelic acid) is a bioactive peptide that functions as a potent NOD1 agonist. Its lauroyl (C12) modification enhances cellular uptake and potency, promoting immune responses through NOD1 activation. This compound is valuable for research into immune signaling pathways and the modulation of innate immune responses.
  30. PD-L1 Binding Peptide

    WL12 is a PD-L1 binding peptide that specifically targets the programmed death ligand 1. This peptide can be radiolabeled with various radionuclides to create radiotracers, facilitating the assessment of PD-L1 expression in tumors. It is a valuable tool for cancer research, particularly in studies focused on immune checkpoint blockade and tumor immunology.
  31. Inhibitor Peptide

    PD-L1 inhibitory peptide is an inhibitor peptide that targets programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1). By binding to PD-L1, it effectively alleviates immunosuppression and enhances the antitumor activity of T cells. This peptide is valuable for cancer research, particularly in the study of immune checkpoint regulation and therapeutic interventions.
  32. Immunogenic Peptide

    Asudemotide is an immunogenic peptide derived from the human DEP domain-containing protein 1A. It functions as an immunostimulant, promoting a robust tumor immune response, particularly in esophageal cancer. The peptide displays a specific sequence of H-Glu-Tyr-Tyr-Glu-Leu-Phe-Val-Asn-Ile-OH, making it a valuable tool for research in cancer immunotherapy and the study of immune responses to tumors.
  33. Polypeptide

    Human membrane-bound PD-L1 polypeptide serves as a crucial immunological target for the induction of PD-L1 antibody production. This polypeptide is essential for studies aimed at understanding immune checkpoint mechanisms and developing cancer immunotherapies. Its role in elevating PD-L1 expression on tumor cells makes it invaluable for research on tumor-immune interactions and checkpoint blockade strategies.
  34. PD-L1 Binding Peptide

    RK-10 is a PD-L1 binding peptide that specifically targets programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1). This peptide can be conjugated with fluorescent dyes such as Cy5 or biotin for the detection of PD-L1 expressing tumors via flow cytometry or immunohistochemistry. RK-10 serves as a valuable tool for research applications related to non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), breast cancer, squamous cell carcinoma, and melanoma, facilitating studies on tumor immunology and therapeutic responses.
  35. Cell-Penetrating Peptide

    Pep-1 (uncapped) is a cell-penetrating peptide that facilitates receptor-mediated endocytosis. It demonstrates the capacity to traverse the blood-tumor barrier and specifically targets glioma cells, enhancing the uptake of nanoparticles by these tumor cells. This characteristic makes Pep-1 (uncapped) a valuable reagent for the development of targeted drug delivery systems aimed at glioma therapy.
  36. Anti-aging Peptide

    Palmitoyl hexapeptide-12 is an anti-aging peptide known for its bioactive properties. It effectively reduces interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels, contributing to its ability to mitigate signs of aging. This peptide is utilized in research related to photoaging and skin aging issues, making it a valuable tool for studies focused on dermatological applications and regenerative medicine.
  37. IL-6 Inhibitor

    Palmitoyl Tetrapeptide-3 is a synthetic peptide that acts as an interleukin-6 (IL-6) inhibitor, primarily targeting inflammatory pathways in skin cells. It effectively reduces IL-6 secretion in keratinocytes and mitigates the inflammatory response induced by UVB radiation exposure. This compound exhibits anti-inflammatory and anti-aging properties, promoting the production of elastic fibers in the papillary dermis, thereby contributing to a reduction in skin wrinkles and overall skin rejuvenation. Its applications include studies in dermatology, skin biology, and anti-aging research.
  38. IL-23R Inhibitor

    IL-23R inhibitor peptide-1 is a potent interleukin-23 receptor inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.0069 μM. It is designed to modulate the signaling pathway of IL-23, which plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of various autoimmune diseases. This reagent is suitable for research applications focused on inflammatory responses and therapeutic strategies targeting IL-23 signaling.
  39. Biased Agonist for Neuropeptide/Chemokine Receptors

    [D-Arg1,D-Phe5,D-Trp7,9,Leu11]-Substance P is a biased agonist targeting neuropeptide and chemokine receptors, specifically activating the G12 pathway. This compound binds to IL-8 and GRP receptors, resulting in the inhibition of ERK-2 activation while simultaneously promoting JNK activity. It is known to enhance neutrophil migration and calcium mobilization, contributing to its utility in inflammation research. Additionally, [D-Arg1,D-Phe5,D-Trp7,9,Leu11]-Substance P acts as a bombesin antagonist and has demonstrated potential in inhibiting the growth of small cell lung cancer.
  40. HAT Binding Peptide

    Humanized anti-tac (HAT) binding peptide is designed to specifically interact with the Fc region of HAT, a humanized monoclonal antibody targeting the low-affinity p55 subunit of the interleukin IL-2 receptor. This peptide is valuable for developing affinity chromatography media, enabling the purification of specific monoclonal antibodies. It serves as an essential tool for researchers studying immunological responses and antibody interactions in various biological contexts.
  41. CD44-Hyaluronan Inhibitor

    IGFBP-3 peptide is an 18-amino acid fragment of insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3, known to inhibit the interaction between CD44 and hyaluronan. This peptide effectively binds to Humanin and hyaluronan, thereby blocking their functional interactions. IGFBP-3 peptide serves as a useful tool for researching CD44-related signaling pathways and its role in cellular adhesion and migration.
  42. Cyclic Dipeptide

    Cyclo(Gly-Pro) is a cyclic dipeptide that modulates neurogenic signaling pathways. This compound has been shown to attenuate nociceptive behavior and reduce inflammatory responses in murine models. Its unique structural properties make it a valuable tool for studying pain mechanisms and inflammation in various biological research applications.
  43. Proangiogenic Peptide

    KLTWQELYQLKYKGI is a proangiogenic peptide designed to mimic vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and activate VEGF receptors. This peptide significantly enhances the attachment, spreading, and proliferation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells, as well as promoting the proliferation, migration, and osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs). KLTWQELYQLKYKGI has demonstrated synergistic effects in accelerating angiogenesis and bone regeneration in rat cranial defect models, making it valuable for applications in brain tissue engineering, traumatic brain injury repair, and bone tissue engineering.
  44. Anti-angiogenic Peptide

    Flt2-11 is an anti-angiogenic peptide that selectively binds to neuropilin-1 (NRP-1). This interaction inhibits the binding between NRP-1 and soluble VEGF receptor-1 (sVEGFR-1), thereby disrupting angiogenic signaling pathways. Flt2-11 is utilized in research focused on tumor growth, vascularization, and other conditions where angiogenesis plays a crucial role.
  45. Peptide

    NYLTHRQ is a peptide that specifically disrupts the interaction between soluble VEGFR1 isoform i13 and β1 integrin, leading to the inhibition of VEGFR1 and VEGFR2 activation. This modulation results in a reduction of cancer cell proliferation, highlighting its potential in cancer therapeutics. NYLTHRQ is particularly relevant for research focused on tumors, including lung squamous cell carcinoma.
  46. Anti-angiogenesis Peptide

    Apolipoprotein KV domain (67-77) is an 11-amino acid peptide that functions as an anti-angiogenesis agent. It exhibits significant antiangiogenic and antitumor activities by targeting the c-Src/ERK signaling pathway, effectively inhibiting activation mediated by vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). This peptide serves as a valuable tool in cancer research, aiding studies focused on angiogenesis and tumor progression.
  47. Anti-angiogenic Peptide

    Scospondistatin is an anti-angiogenic peptide that targets endothelial cell proliferation and migration. It has been shown to effectively inhibit the growth and movement of human umbilical vein endothelial cells in vitro. This compound is useful in research applications focused on angiogenesis and related disease mechanisms.
  48. PDGFR Fragment

    PDGFR Y1021 peptide (non-phosphorylation) is a specific non-phosphorylated fragment of the platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR). This peptide effectively inhibits the association of PLCγ with PDGFR via the PLCγ SH2 domain, thereby blocking the mitogenic response. It serves as a valuable tool in research focused on signaling pathways involving PDGFR and its role in cell growth and proliferation.
  49. PDGFR Fragment

    PDGFR Y1021 peptide (phosphorylation) is a phosphorylated fragment of the platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR) that facilitates the binding of phospholipase C-gamma (PLCγ) through its SH2 domains. This interaction enhances the production of inositol phosphates and stimulates mitogenic responses. The peptide serves as a valuable tool for research investigating PDGFR signaling pathways and their roles in cellular proliferation and differentiation.
  50. Lyn Kinase Inhibitor

    Lyn Peptide Inhibitor is a selective inhibitor of Lyn kinase that specifically targets the Lyn-coupled IL-5 receptor signaling pathway. This compound effectively blocks Lyn activation and disrupts the interaction between Lyn tyrosine kinase and the βc subunit of IL-3/GM-CSF/IL-5 receptors. The Lyn Peptide Inhibitor is valuable for investigating mechanisms underlying asthma, allergic reactions, and various eosinophilic disorders, providing insights into potential therapeutic approaches.

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