Peptides

Suc-AAPK-pNA is a chromogenic substrate for the determination of serine/threonine kinase activity and enzyme kinetic parameters.

(D-His2,D-Trp6)-LHRH ((D-His2)-Triptorelin) is a polypeptide that can be found by peptide screening. Peptide screening is a research tool that pools active peptides primarily by immunoassay. Peptide screening can be used for protein interaction, functional analysis, epitope screening, especially in the field of agent research and development.

Boc-Arg-Val-Arg-Arg-AMC hydrochloride (Boc-RVRR-AMC) is a synthetic fluorogenic substrate that is efficiently cleaved by furin.

(D-Trp6)-LHRH free acid is a luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) agonist.

Suc-Ala-Leu-Pro-Phe-pNA (Suc-ALPF-pNA) is a substrate of FK-506 binding protein (FKBP).

H-γ-Glu-Leu-OH is a dipeptide consisting of γ-glutamic acid and leucine, terminated by a hydroxyl group.

(Tyr36)-pTH-Related Protein (1-36) (human, mouse, rat) is a peptide and can be used as a parathyroid hormone (PTH) receptor ligand.

Autoinducing Peptide I is a cyclic octapeptide secreted by Staphylococcus aureus and can be used in vaccine research.

Mca-SEVNLDAEFK(Dnp)-NH2 contains a highly fluorescent 7-methoxycoumarin group that is efficiently quenched by resonance energy transfer to the 2,4-dinitrophenyl group. It can be used to measure the activities of peptidases that are capable of cleaving an amide bond between the fluorescent group and the quencher group, causing an increase in fluorescence, such as can be used to measure the activity of BACE-1.

iso-TRAP-6 (iso-SFLLRN) is a PAR-1 agonist that can activate platelets. iso-TRAP-6 is an analog of TRAP-6 that refers to the use of isoserine instead of serine as first amino acid.

Cbz-Asn-Gly-OH is a polypeptide that can be found by peptide screening. Peptide screening is a research tool that pools active peptides primarily by immunoassay. Peptide screening can be used for protein interaction, functional analysis, epitope screening, especially in the field of agent research and development.

γ-Glutamylhistidine is a polypeptide that can be found by peptide screening. Peptide screening is a research tool that pools active peptides primarily by immunoassay. Peptide screening can be used for protein interaction, functional analysis, epitope screening, especially in the field of agent research and development.

β-Amyloid peptide(16-20) is a amino acid sequences (KLVFF) of Amyloid-β (Abeta). β-Amyloid peptide(16-20) is an effective inhibitor of Abeta fibril formation, with RG-/-GR-NH2 residues added at N- and C-terminal ends to aid solubility).

DOTA-JR11 is a somatostatin receptor 2 (SSTR2) antagonist. DOTA-JR11 can be labeled by 68Ga, used for paired imaging in neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) research.

Hexapeptide-12isa bioactive peptide with anti-aging effect and has been reported used as a cosmetic ingredient.

Histatin-3 TFA, a 32 amino acid peptide, possesses powerful antimicrobial properties. Histatin-3 TFA behaves as a substrate for proprotein convertase 1 (PC1), being cleaved by this endoprotease primarily at a site carboxy terminal to the single Arg25 residue (HRGYR decrease SN). Histatin-3 TFA is a moderately potent, reversible and competitive inhibitor of the furin-mediated cleavage of the pentapeptide pGlu-Arg-Thr-Lys-Arg-MCA fluorogenic substrate, with an estimated inhibition constant Ki of 1.98 μM.

FLLRN is a biological active peptide. (PAR1-specific antagonist peptide)

B8R 20-27 is a biological active peptide. (This is amino acids 20 to 27 fragment of B8R, a vaccinia virus (VV) gene that encodes a secreted protein related to gamma interferon receptor. B8R binding to IFN-g neutralizes its antiviral activity.)

Insulin receptor (1142-1153), pTyr1150 is a biological active peptide. (Peptide used as insulin receptor tyrosine kinase substrate.)

IRS1-derived peptide is a biological active peptide. (This is a peptide fragment (979-989) of the insulin receptor substrate-1 containing the sequence motif YMXM known to bind to the two domains of SH2 on the 85kDa subunit of phosphoinositide 3-kinase.)

Triptorelin is a synthetic gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) peptide agonist that binds to the GnRH receptor. It inhibits the growth of DU145, LNCaP, and PC3 prostate and OVCAR-3 ovarian cancer cells.

RGD Trifluoroacetate is a tripeptide that specifically interacts with integrins to promote cell adhesion. This compound is instrumental in studying cellular processes related to adhesion and migration, making it valuable for research in cancer, tissue engineering, and regenerative medicine. Its ability to elicit specific cellular responses makes it a crucial tool for elucidating integrin-mediated pathways.

Cys-Penetratin is a cell-penetrating peptide (CPP) characterized by the sequence CRQIKIWFQNRRMKWKK. This peptide facilitates the translocation of various biomolecules across cellular membranes, enhancing their delivery into living cells. Cys-Penetratin is widely used in research applications focused on drug delivery, gene therapy, and intracellular protein transportation. Its ability to efficiently transport cargo makes it a valuable tool in cellular and molecular biology studies.

Acetyltetrapeptide 11 is a bioactive peptide recognized for its anti-aging properties. It functions by promoting collagen synthesis and enhancing skin elasticity, making it valuable in cosmetic formulations aimed at reducing signs of aging. Its application extends to skincare products where it aids in rejuvenating and revitalizing the skin.

Gly-Pro-Glu is a neuroactive peptide that significantly influences acetylcholine release. As the N-terminal tripeptide of insulin-like growth factor-I, it effectively inhibits glutamate binding to the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor, exhibiting an IC50 of 14.7 μM. This compound is valuable for research focused on neuroprotection and the modulation of neurophysiological processes.

Eledoisin is a specific agonist of the NK2 and NK3 receptors. This bioactive peptide exhibits significant biological activity in modulating neurokinin pathways, making it valuable in the study of pain and inflammatory responses. Eledoisin is utilized in research applications related to neurobiology and pharmacology, particularly in the exploration of neurokinin receptor signaling and its implications in various physiological processes.

NGR peptide is a receptor-binding peptide that targets the aminopeptidase N (APN/CD13). This peptide demonstrates specific binding to CD13, facilitating its use as a key element in imaging applications. By conjugating NGR peptide to imaging agents, it allows for enhanced visualization of tumor sites, making it a valuable tool in cancer research and diagnostics.

Ac-VETD-AMC is a synthetic peptide substrate specifically designed for the enzyme caspase 8. This compound enables the assessment of caspase activity, making it a valuable tool in apoptosis research. Additionally, Ac-VETD-AMC has the potential to evaluate the functional activity of recombinant phytaspase, contributing to studies in cell signaling and programmed cell death.

Periplanetasin-4 is an antimicrobial peptide derived from the American cockroach (Periplaneta americana) that targets microbial pathogens. This peptide exhibits significant biological activities, including the reduction of cell rounding and apoptosis, while also inhibiting Clostridium difficile toxin A-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Periplanetasin-4 enhances mitochondrial calcium levels and mitigates vacuolar dysfunction in Candida albicans, highlighting its potential in antifungal research. Additionally, it demonstrates protective effects against toxin A-induced mucosal damage in mouse models, making it a valuable reagent for studies on colitis and intestinal health.

GPR is a three amino acid peptide that targets apoptosis pathways by inhibiting caspase-3/p53 dependent mechanisms. It demonstrates protective effects against amyloid beta (Aβ)-induced neuronal cell death in cultured rat hippocampal neurons. GPR is valuable for research related to Alzheimer's disease and studies focused on neuroprotection and cellular survival.

d-T101 peptide is an important ligand for the T1/ST2 receptor, primarily involved in mediating apoptosis through the activation of caspases 3, 8, and 9, along with JNKinase and p38 MAPKinase pathways. This peptide exhibits significant immunostimulatory and anticancer properties by selectively inducing apoptosis in proliferating cancer cells. It enhances the expression of interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), as well as promoting the recruitment of natural killer (NK) cells and M1 macrophages to tumor sites. d-T101 peptide is invaluable for research in cancer immunotherapy and the modulation of immune responses.

Smac-N7 peptide is derived from the N-terminal region of the mitochondrial protein Smac, a known activator of caspases. This peptide primarily targets and enhances apoptotic signaling pathways by promoting caspase activation, thereby facilitating programmed cell death. Due to its inability to penetrate cell membranes, Smac-N7 is useful for studying the mechanisms of apoptosis and can serve as a potent tool in cancer research and therapeutic development focused on apoptotic modulation.

RP-182 is a synthetic immunomodulatory peptide that targets the mannose receptor CD206 on tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), exhibiting a dissociation constant (Kd) of 8 μM. By inducing a conformational change in the CD206 receptor, RP-182 activates NF-κB signaling, promoting TNFα secretion and phagocytosis in CD206high TAMs, ultimately leading to apoptosis via caspase 8 activation. This compound is valuable for research in pancreatic cancer and melanoma, providing insights into therapeutic strategies that enhance anti-tumor immunity.

d-KLA Peptide is a synthetic pro-apoptotic peptide that specifically targets mitochondria to induce apoptosis by permeabilizing the mitochondrial membrane. This compound activates essential biochemical pathways associated with apoptosis, including the activation of caspase family proteins and poly ADP ribose polymerase (PARP). d-KLA Peptide is valuable for research applications focused on cancer therapeutics, particularly in enhancing anti-tumor effects through gene or small molecule delivery.

Protegrin-1 is an antimicrobial peptide that exhibits potent antibacterial activity by activating ERK, COX2, and NFκB pathways, while inhibiting apoptosis and nitric oxide production. It demonstrates significant bactericidal effects against various pathogens, including Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecium, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Klebsiella pneumoniae, with minimal inhibitory concentrations ranging from 10 to 20 µM. Additionally, Protegrin-1 shows antiviral activity against the dengue virus NS2B-NS3 and possesses anti-inflammatory properties, making it a valuable tool in the research of inflammatory diseases and infections.

ABT-510 acetate is an anti-angiogenic Thrombospondin-1 analogue that targets angiogenesis and promotes apoptosis in ovarian tumors. Its efficacy has been demonstrated in murine models, significantly inhibiting tumor growth in epithelial ovarian cancer and reducing angiogenesis and inflammation in inflammatory bowel disease. This compound is a valuable tool for research focused on cancer biology and inflammatory conditions.

SHLP2 (Small humanin-like peptide 2) is a mitochondrial-derived peptide that primarily targets mitochondrial function. It regulates apoptosis and inhibits cell death through its interaction with mitochondrial complex 1. SHLP2 enhances mitochondrial metabolism by improving respiration and biogenesis, while reducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) and diminishing mtDNA oxidation. Additionally, SHLP2 plays a role in energy homeostasis by activating hypothalamic neurons. This peptide is utilized in research focusing on mitochondrial dysfunction and age-related diseases such as age-related macular degeneration and Parkinson's disease.

GPLGIAGQ is an MMP2-cleavable polypeptide utilized as a stimulus-sensitive linker in liposomal and micellar nanocarriers for targeted tumor delivery. This compound enables the synthesis of innovative MMP2-targeted photosensitizers, enhancing the efficacy of photodynamic therapy (PDT) applications. Its selective cleavage by MMP2 facilitates precise drug release in the tumor microenvironment, making it a valuable tool in cancer research and therapy.

Tripeptide-41 (CG-Lipoxyn) is a signaling peptide that activates the NF-kB pathway. By inhibiting the expression of C/EBP and increasing cAMP levels, this tripeptide plays a critical role in stimulating lipolysis, promoting the hydrolysis of lipids into triglycerides. Tripeptide-41 is particularly useful in cosmetic formulations aimed at reducing fat accumulation and enhancing body contouring.

BPC 157 acetate is a bioactive peptide with a primary mechanism of promoting wound healing and tissue repair. It demonstrates significant biological activities, including enhancing tendon healing, providing neuroprotection, and offering gastrointestinal protection. This peptide is valuable in research applications related to tendon injuries, burn recovery, gastric ulcers, and various neurological disorders.

Jak3tide is a biologically active peptide that serves as a substrate for Janus kinase 3 (JAK3). It contains a phosphorylation site at Tyr7, making it suitable for kinase assay applications. This peptide can be utilized in various research settings to study JAK3-mediated signaling pathways and its role in cellular activities.

Tyrosine Protein Kinase JAK 2 (Phospho-Tyr8, 9) is a peptide derived from amino acids 475 to 491 of the mouse JAK2 protein. This peptide serves as a substrate for the examination of JAK2 phosphorylation at tyrosine residues 8 and 9, providing insights into its regulatory mechanisms. It is valuable for studying JAK2-related signaling pathways and their implications in various cellular processes and diseases, including hematopoiesis and immune response.

FGL peptide is a fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) activator that effectively penetrates the blood-brain barrier. It initiates NCAM-FGFR and FGFR1 signaling pathways, which modulate the expression of genes involved in apoptosis, signal transduction, and metabolic regulation. FGL peptide is primarily utilized in research focused on traumatic brain injury, offering insights into its underlying molecular mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets.

RP-220 is a renalase peptide that specifically targets the NLRP3 inflammasome. It exhibits significant anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic properties, evidenced by its ability to inhibit apoptosis in renal tubular epithelial cells under alkaline stress through activation of the MAPK signaling pathway. Additionally, RP-220 reduces NLRP3 expression, limits macrophage infiltration, and mitigates kidney tissue damage in models of acute kidney injury (AKI). This reagent is particularly relevant for research into systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and its associated complication, lupus nephritis (LN).

Corisin is a peptide derived from Staphylococcus nepalensis, known for its ability to induce apoptosis in targeted cells. This compound plays a significant role in studies related to pulmonary fibrosis, demonstrating potential implications in understanding disease mechanisms and therapeutic approaches. Its unique biological activity positions Corisin as a valuable tool for researchers investigating apoptosis and fibrotic processes.

Octapeptide-2 is a biomimetic peptide designed to mimic the effects of thymosin-β4, targeting hair follicle regeneration. This compound exhibits significant biological activities, including promoting hair growth, reducing cell apoptosis, and enhancing keratinocyte proliferation. Octapeptide-2 is particularly relevant for research focused on hair loss conditions, such as alopecia areata, and is instrumental in exploring potential therapeutic strategies for follicular disorders.

Cereulide is a toxin depsipeptide produced by Bacillus cereus, primarily targeting mitochondrial function. It induces apoptosis in various cell types, leading to mitochondrial dysfunction and affecting multiple organ systems, including the liver, pancreas, brain, and intestines, as well as the immune and nervous systems. This compound is valuable for research into cellular apoptosis mechanisms and the pathological effects of bacterial toxins on human health.

ARF(26–44), cell-permeable is a cell-penetrating peptide derived from the p14ARF tumor suppressor protein and functions as an inhibitor of FoxM1. This peptide exhibits marked anti-tumor activity, demonstrating the ability to increase apoptosis and decrease proliferation and angiogenesis in mouse models of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). ARF(26–44), cell-permeable serves as a valuable tool for research focusing on tumor therapy and the molecular mechanisms underlying cancer progression.

Argipressin diacetate, an amino acid neuropeptide, primarily targets G-protein coupled receptors, including Avpr1a (V1a), Avpr1b (V1b), and Avpr2 (V2). It plays a crucial role in regulating fluid balance, osmolality, and cardiovascular function. This compound is also influential in centrally mediated metabolic processes, making it valuable for research in neuroendocrine regulation and metabolic disorders.

KLA peptide is a bioactive peptide that targets mitochondrial membranes to induce apoptosis through membrane disruption. Its cationic amphipathic structure facilitates cellular uptake and interaction with mitochondrial components. KLA peptide is valuable for research applications in cancer, inflammation, and neurological diseases, allowing for the exploration of apoptotic pathways and therapeutic interventions.