-
NNRT inhibitor
Elsulfavirine is a new-generation non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) being developed by Viriom for the treatment and prevention of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections. It is the prodrug of the active compound VM-1500A, a small molecule selective NNRTI, which prevents HIV replication. -
CYP3A4 inducer
RO6889678 is an inhibitor of HBV with a complex ADME profile. RO6889678 showed an intracellular enrichment of 78-fold in hepatocytes, with an apparent intrinsic clearance of 5.2 ?l/min per mg protein and uptake and biliary clearances of 2.6 and 1.6 ?l/min per mg protein, respectively. - Ezeprogind, also known as AZP-2006, is an artificial zinc-finger protein used to inhibit DNA replication of human papillomavirus (HPV).
- Tenofovir exalidex, also known as HDP-Tenofovir and CMX-157, is a novel lipid acyclic nucleoside phosphonate that delivers high intracellular concentrations of the active antiviral agent tenofovir.
- Riamilovir, also known as Triazavirin, is a nucleoside analogue of nucleic acid and an antiviral agent, works by inhibiting the synthesis of viral RNA and DNA and replication of genomic fragments. Triazavirin is shown active in inhibition of the tick-borne encephalitis virus reproduction (strain Sofiin) by accumulation in the SKEV cell culture.
-
Antibiotic
Berberine hemisulfate is an alkaloid with antibiotic properties derived from the traditional Chinese herbal medicine Huanglian. It demonstrates significant antimicrobial activity and possesses anti-inflammatory, antitumor, cardiovascular protective, and neuroprotective effects. This compound is valuable for research applications exploring infections, immune response modulation, and potential therapeutic avenues for various diseases. -
HIV Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor
β-Rubromycin is a selective inhibitor of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase, exhibiting a Ki of 0.27 μM. Additionally, it demonstrates potent telomerase inhibition with an IC50 of 3 μM. β-Rubromycin effectively inhibits the proliferation of K-562 and HeLa cell lines, showing IC50 values of 19.5 µM and 22.7 µM, respectively, making it a valuable tool for research in HIV and telomerase-related studies. -
Antibacterial Agent
ANS (8-Anilino-1-naphthalenesulfonic acid) is a competitive inhibitor of thyroxine binding globulin (TBG), exhibiting a Ki value of 2.09×10^6 M^-1. This compound is utilized in radioimmunoassays to enhance detection sensitivity by displacing bound triiodothyronine (T3) and facilitating its recognition by antibodies. Additionally, ANS serves as a fluorescent probe, selectively binding to hydrophobic regions of proteins, particularly membrane proteins, allowing for real-time monitoring of protein conformational dynamics through fluorescence changes. Its applications extend to biochemical research and the development of antibacterial materials. -
SIRT Inhibitor
Nicotinamide is a form of vitamin B3 or niacin. Nicotinamide Hydrochloride inhibits SIRT2 activity (IC50: 2 μM). Nicotinamide also inhibits SIRT1. Nicotinamide increases cellular NAD+, ATP, ROS levels. Nicotinamide inhibits tumor growth and improves survival. Nicotinamide also has anti-HBV activity. -
Antihelminthic Agent
Niclosamide (BAY2353) is an orally active antihelminthic agent used in parasitic infection research. Niclosamide is a STAT3 inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.25 μM in HeLa cells. Niclosamide has biological activities against cancer, inhibits DNA replication in Vero E6 cells. -
Antibiotic
Ceftazidime (GR20263), an antibiotic, has a broad spectrum activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative aerobic bacteria. Ceftazidime is also active against Enterobacteriaceae (including β-lactamase-positive strains) and is resistant to hydrolysis by most β-lactamases. -
HIV Protease Inhibitor
Cytochalasin A is a cell-permeable fungal toxin that is an oxidized derivative of cytochalasin B. Cytochalasin A is an inhibitor of HIV-1 protease (IC50=3 μM) and inhibits actin polymerization and interferes with microtubule assembly by reacting with sulfhydryl groups. Antibiotic and fungicidal activitives. -
Antibiotic
Erythromycin is a macrolide antibiotic that targets bacterial 50S ribosomal subunits, effectively inhibiting RNA-dependent protein synthesis by obstructing transpeptidation and translocation reactions. This compound demonstrates a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity against various bacteria, making it valuable in microbiological research. Additionally, erythromycin has been shown to possess antitumor and neuroprotective properties, contributing to its usefulness in diverse areas of biomedical research. -
Apoptosis Inducer
Sanguinarine chloride is a benzophenanthridine alkaloid that functions as an apoptosis inducer primarily through the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). This compound is known to activate key signaling pathways, specifically JNK and NF-κB, facilitating programmed cell death. Sanguinarine chloride is widely utilized in cancer research and studies investigating apoptotic mechanisms. -
Antibiotic
Tetracycline is a broad-spectrum antibiotic that targets bacterial protein synthesis by binding to the 30S ribosomal subunit, inhibiting translation. It demonstrates activity against a diverse array of microorganisms, including gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, as well as chlamydiae, mycoplasmas, and rickettsiae. This compound is widely utilized in research related to bacterial infections and antibiotic resistance mechanisms. -
Bacterial Inhibitor
Cefamandole sodium is a second-generation broad-spectrum cephalosporin antibiotic that primarily targets bacterial cell wall synthesis. It exhibits significant antibacterial activity against a variety of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, making it valuable for research into antimicrobial resistance and the mechanisms of bacterial infections. This compound is commonly utilized in studies assessing the efficacy of antibiotic treatments and in exploring bacterial susceptibility profiles. -
Fluorescent Dye
Acridine Orange base is a cell-permeable fluorescent dye primarily utilized for staining nucleic acids in various organisms, including bacteria, parasites, and viruses. This dye exhibits distinct fluorescence characteristics; it emits green light when bound to double-stranded DNA (Ex=488 nm, Em=520-524 nm) and red light when associated with single-stranded DNA or RNA (Ex=457 nm, Em=630-644 nm). Acridine Orange base is particularly valuable in fluorescence microscopy for distinguishing human cells under acidic conditions (pH=3.5) and is widely employed in cell cycle assays. -
Photobase Reagent
Malachite Green Carbinol Base acts as a photobase reagent, capable of releasing hydroxide ions (OH-) upon ultraviolet light irradiation. This reaction facilitates a progressive shift in pH levels, allowing for precise pH regulation in experimental settings. When exposed to high-intensity UV light (500 W, 50 W/cm), the solution transitions rapidly from colorless to deep green, which can be utilized for applications in photochemistry and environmental monitoring. -
Antiviral Agent
Amantadine (1-Adamantanamine) hydrochloride is an orally avtive and potent antiviral agent with activity against influenza A viruses. Amantadine hydrochloride inhibits several ion channels such as NMDA and M2, and also inhibits Coronavirus ion channels. Amantadine hydrochloride also has anti-orthopoxvirus and anticancer activity. Amantadine hydrochloride can be used for Parkinson's disease, postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) and COVID-19 research. -
Broad-spectrum Antiviral Agent
Moroxydine (ABOB) hydrochloride is a broad-spectrum agent with multi-antiviral activities against DNA and RNA viruses, including influenza virus, herpes simplex, varicella zoster, measles, mumps disease, hepatitis C virus, etc. Moroxydine hydrochloride exhibits excellent antiviral activity and shows low cytotoxicity to cells infected by dsRNA viruses (grass carp reovirus, GCRV) and large DNA viruses (giant salamander iridovirus, GSIV). Moroxydine hydrochloride blocks the GCRV-induced cytopathic effects and eliminates nucleocapsids in ctenopharyngodon idella kidney (CIK) cells to keep the normal morphological structure. Moroxydine hydrochloride significantly inhibits the apoptosis, the caspase 3 activity, Bax expression and down-regulates Bcl-2 levels. -
Bacterial Inhibitor
Ceftiofur is a cell wall synthesis inhibitor targeting bacterial penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs). It demonstrates bactericidal activity by interfering with the peptidoglycan synthesis in bacterial cell walls, resulting in cell lysis. Additionally, Ceftiofur exhibits anti-inflammatory properties by inhibiting the activation of NF-κB and MAPKs, which decreases the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6. This makes Ceftiofur a valuable reagent in research investigating bacterial infections and inflammation processes. -
Antiviral Agent
Amantadine (1-Adamantanamine) primarily functions as an antiviral agent targeting influenza A viruses. This compound inhibits ion channels, including M2 and NMDA, and demonstrates activity against Coronavirus ion channels. In addition to its antiviral properties, Amantadine has shown potential as an anti-orthopoxvirus agent and exhibits anticancer activity. Its applications extend to studies related to Parkinson's disease, postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD), and COVID-19 research. -
Fungicide
Pyraclostrobin is a strobilurin fungicide that functions by inhibiting mitochondrial respiration in fungi. It exhibits broad-spectrum antifungal activity, effectively controlling various crop diseases. Additionally, Pyraclostrobin has been shown to induce oxidative DNA damage and activate AMPK/mTOR signaling pathways, leading to mitochondrial dysfunction and autophagy. Its applications extend to agricultural settings for the management of fungal pathogens. -
Anti-inflammatory/anti-cancer/anti-viral/anti-tuberculosis Agent
4-Methoxycinnamic acid ethyl ester is a bioactive natural compound that functions primarily as an anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, anti-viral, and anti-tuberculosis agent. It demonstrates potent anti-inflammatory activity by inhibiting cyclooxygenases (COX-1 and COX-2) and NF-κB, resulting in reduced cytokine production. Additionally, 4-Methoxycinnamic acid ethyl ester effectively inhibits tumor cell proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis through the downregulation of VEGF expression. It also exhibits significant antiviral properties against dengue virus and antimicrobial activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis, along with notable analgesic effects in preclinical models. -
Short-chain Fatty Acid
Magnesium acetate tetrahydrate acts primarily as a short-chain fatty acid (SCFA). It is known to activate AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and increase reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, leading to the cleavage of caspase 9 and the modulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα). Additionally, it downregulates the expression of sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c (SREBP-1c) and carbohydrate response element-binding protein (ChREBP), and demonstrates antifungal activity against Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Magnesium acetate tetrahydrate has shown promising anticancer effects in gastric cancer and may regulate energy metabolism while exhibiting potential therapeutic effects in ulcerative colitis and hepatic steatosis. -
Antibiotic
Acetoxycycloheximide is an antibiotic with potent antitumor properties, primarily functioning as a protein synthesis inhibitor. It effectively induces procaspase-3 activation, leading to apoptosis through the release of cytochrome c from mitochondria via the JNK signaling pathway. Additionally, acetoxycycloheximide downregulates cell surface TNF-R1 by activating the ERK and p38 MAPK pathways, thereby inhibiting TNF-α-mediated NF-κB signaling. This reagent is valuable for research related to inflammatory and immune diseases as well as cancer. -
Broad-spectrum Antiviral Agent
Moroxydine is a broad-spectrum antiviral agent targeting both DNA and RNA viruses, including influenza, herpes simplex, varicella zoster, and hepatitis C. It demonstrates significant antiviral efficacy while exhibiting low cytotoxicity, particularly against dsRNA viruses such as grass carp reovirus and large DNA viruses like giant salamander iridovirus. Moroxydine effectively inhibits cytopathic effects induced by GCRV and prevents the formation of nucleocapsids in renal cells, maintaining their normal morphology. Additionally, it significantly reduces apoptosis and modulates apoptosis-related proteins, including down-regulation of Bcl-2 and inhibition of caspase 3 activity. -
Bacterial Quorum-sensing Signaling Molecule
N-3-oxo-dodecanoyl-L-homoserine lactone is a bacterial quorum-sensing signaling molecule primarily associated with Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Burkholderia cepacia complex. This compound plays a critical role in bacterial communication, regulating gene expression in response to changes in cell density. Additionally, N-3-oxo-dodecanoyl-L-homoserine lactone has been shown to induce interleukin-8 (IL-8) production in human bronchial epithelial cells, making it valuable for research in host-pathogen interactions and inflammatory responses. -
Large Cyclic Mucor Toxin.
Satratoxin G is a large cyclic mucor toxin that primarily induces apoptosis through the activation of caspases. This compound exhibits potent biological activity, making it a valuable tool for studying apoptosis and cell signaling pathways. Satratoxin G is commonly utilized in research concerning fungal toxins and their effects on mammalian cells, providing insights into potential therapeutic interventions for toxin-related diseases. -
Microbial Metabolite
Oosporein is a microbial metabolite characterized as a red crystalline toxin produced by various fungi. It demonstrates significant biological activity by inhibiting insect immunity, thereby promoting fungal reproduction within host organisms. Additionally, Oosporein exhibits antibacterial, antiviral (specifically against herpes simplex virus), and insecticidal properties. Its effects on plant growth inhibition and its ability to induce apoptosis, cell membrane damage, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial damage make it a valuable compound for research in multiple fields, including mycology, agriculture, and oncology. -
Myrothecium Fungus Metabolite
Verrucarin J, a metabolite derived from the Myrothecium fungus, primarily targets the induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in various cancer cell lines. It has demonstrated significant apoptotic activity in A549, HCT 116, and SW-620 cells. Additionally, Verrucarin J exhibits antifungal properties against Candida albicans and Mucor miehei, and effectively inhibits the arenavirus Junin (JUNV) with an IC50 value of 1.2 ng/mL, highlighting its potential for research in oncology and virology. -
HSV Inhibitor
S-Acetylglutathione is a stable derivative of glutathione that serves as an effective HSV inhibitor. It is hydrolyzed by intracellular thioesterases to restore glutathione levels, particularly in fibroblasts lacking glutathione synthetase. This compound demonstrates significant antiviral activity by inhibiting viral replication in HSV-1 infection models. Additionally, S-Acetylglutathione induces apoptosis in cancer cell lines such as MOLT4 and UKF-NB-3, making it valuable for research in both virology and oncology. -
Bacterial Inhibitor
Aeroplysinin 1 is a secondary metabolite with a primary target as a bacterial inhibitor. It exhibits significant antibiotic activity against Gram-positive bacteria and demonstrates antiviral efficacy against HIV-1, with an IC50 of 14.6 μM. Additionally, Aeroplysinin 1 possesses anti-inflammatory, anti-angiogenic, and anti-tumor properties, and has been shown to induce apoptosis in endothelial cells. This compound is valuable for research applications in microbiology, virology, and cancer studies. -
Antibacterial Growth Promoter
Nitrovin hydrochloride is an antibacterial growth promoter that targets thioredoxin reductase 1 (TrxR1) to induce reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated cell death. This compound exhibits both non-apoptotic and apoptotic-like mechanisms of action. It also demonstrates anticancer activity, with IC50 values ranging from 1.31 to 6.60 μM in various tumor and normal cell lines, making it a valuable tool for cancer research and therapeutic development. -
Antiphlogistic Agent
Tomentosin is an orally active natural sesquiterpenoid lactone with primary applications as an antiphlogistic agent. It demonstrates a range of biological activities, including anti-tumor, anti-fungal, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, and neuroprotective effects. Tomentosin has been shown to inhibit tumor cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, while also inducing apoptosis. This compound is valuable for research related to tumors, inflammatory conditions, and neurological disorders. -
Antifungal Agent
Reveromycin A is a benzoquinoid antibiotic that exhibits antifungal properties through its mechanism as a selective inhibitor of protein synthesis in eukaryotic cells. It effectively inhibits bone resorption by inducing apoptosis in osteoclasts and demonstrates antiproliferative activity against various tumor cell lines. This compound is valuable for research applications in studying fungal infections and bone metabolism. -
Antithrombotic/Antifungal Agent
Ajoene is a garlic-derived compound that functions as both an antithrombotic and antifungal agent. It exhibits significant inhibition of cell proliferation and induction of apoptosis in human leukemia cells, including HL-60, U937, HEL, and OCIM-I. This compound is relevant for research in cancer biology and antifungal therapies. -
Antibiotic
Metronidazole hydrochloride is a nitroimidazole antibiotic with a primary mechanism of action against anaerobic bacteria. It is effective in the treatment of various anaerobic infections and possesses the ability to penetrate the blood-brain barrier. Research applications include studying its effects on inflammation and skeletal muscle contraction associated with long-term use. -
Polyether Antibiotic
Monensin, a polyether antibiotic, functions primarily as an ionophore that mediates Na+/H+ exchange. It has been identified as a potent inhibitor of Wnt signaling, leading to significant enlargement of multivesicular bodies (MVBs) and modulating exosome secretion. This compound is utilized in research focused on bacterial, fungal, and parasitic infections, and it also exhibits anticancer properties, making it a valuable tool in various biological studies. -
Antibiotic/FOXM1 Inhibitor
Siomycin A is a thiopeptide antibiotic that selectively inhibits Forkhead box M1 (FOXM1), while sparing other Forkhead box family members. It exhibits significant anti-tumor activity and promotes apoptosis, making it a valuable tool for cancer research. This compound is particularly useful for studies focused on the role of FOXM1 in tumorigenesis and therapeutic resistance. -
Apoptosis Activator
Nortrachelogenin, also known as (-)-Wikstromol, is an apoptosis activator isolated from Partrinia scabiosaefolia. It has been shown to induce apoptotic responses in the fungal pathogen Candida albicans, making it a valuable reagent for research on fungal apoptosis and related cellular processes. This compound can facilitate the investigation of therapeutic strategies targeting fungal infections. -
Bacterial/Fungal Inhibitor, Preservative Agent
Methylisothiazolinone hydrochloride is a bacterial and fungal inhibitor, primarily functioning as a preservative agent. It activates matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in human bronchial epithelial cells, leading to apoptosis and an inflammatory response. Research indicates that it may promote the development of atopic dermatitis in murine models by disrupting Th2/Th17 immune responses. Additionally, Methylisothiazolinone hydrochloride has been shown to cause mitochondrial damage in the endothelium of rat cerebral blood vessels, highlighting its cellular impact. -
Bacterial Inhibitor
K-252c is a staurosporine analog that selectively inhibits protein kinase C (PKC), exhibiting an IC50 value of 2.45 µM. This compound is known for its ability to induce apoptosis in human chronic myelogenous leukemia cells, making it a valuable tool in cancer research. Additionally, K-252c demonstrates inhibitory effects on β-lactamase, chymotrypsin, and malate dehydrogenase, further expanding its utility in studying bacterial resistance and enzyme activity. -
Anticancer/Antifungal Agent
Ilicicolin H is a selective inhibitor of phosphoglycerate kinase 1 (PGK1) and mitochondrial cytochrome bc1 reductase, with an IC50 of 9.02 μM and 2-3 ng/mL, respectively. It effectively inhibits cell proliferation and induces apoptosis in cancer cells, particularly hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), by reducing lactate production and glucose uptake. Additionally, Ilicicolin H displays broad antifungal activity against pathogens such as Candida albicans, Cryptococcus species, and Aspergillus fumigatus. This compound is suitable for research applications in oncology and infectious diseases. -
HSV-1 Inhibitor
Yatein is a lignan derived from A. chilensis with a primary mechanism of inhibiting herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) replication. It exerts its antiviral activity through the disruption of immediate-early gene expression, thereby reducing viral propagation. This compound is useful for research applications focused on viral infections and potential therapeutic strategies against HSV-1. -
Styryl Lactone
Goniothalamin is a styryl lactone that demonstrates insecticidal, anti-tumor, and antibacterial properties. It induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in tumor cells, while exhibiting larvicidal effects against Culex quinquefasciatus larvae and cytotoxicity against brine shrimp larvae. Additionally, Goniothalamin shows antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, as well as antifungal efficacy against pathogens such as Candida albicans and Trichophyton species. This compound is relevant for research in breast cancer, lymphatic filariasis, and the treatment of bacterial and fungal infections. -
Antibiotic
Terrein is an antibiotic that functions as a melanogenesis inhibitor. It induces apoptosis in breast cancer cell lines and acts as an inhibitor of quorum sensing and cyclic di-GMP levels in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. This compound is valuable in studying mechanisms of cancer cell regulation and bacterial communication processes. -
Cytochrome P450 Inhibitor
Thujopsene is a potent inhibitor of cytochrome P450 enzymes, specifically targeting CYP2B6, CYP3A4, CYP2C19, CYP2C8, and CYP2C9, with IC50 values of 1.3, 12.6, 13.6, 29.8, and 44.9 μM, respectively. In addition to its role as a metabolic inhibitor, thujopsene binds to PKM2, disrupting cancer cell metabolic pathways and inducing apoptosis in MKN45 cells, thereby demonstrating significant antitumor activity. This compound also exhibits notable anti-termite and antifungal properties through its autoxidation process, broadening its potential applications in both cancer research and pest control. -
Antibiotic/DNA Inhibitor
Bleomycin A5 (hydrochloride) is a glycopeptide antibiotic that primarily functions as a DNA inhibitor. This compound exerts its cytotoxic effects by chelating Fe2+, which leads to the formation of reactive species that induce both single-strand and double-strand breaks in DNA, thereby disrupting DNA replication. Additionally, Bleomycin A5 (hydrochloride) inhibits Drp1-mediated mitochondrial fission and modulates the PINK1/Parkin pathway, contributing to mitochondria-mediated apoptosis. It is widely utilized in cancer research applications.

