- Ibutilide is a Class III antiarrhythmic agent that is indicated for acute cardioconversion of atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter of a recent onset to sinus rhythm. It exerts its antiarrhythmic effect by induction of slow inward sodium current, which prolongs action potential and refractory period (physiology) of myocardial cells.
- Claudia Alvarez Baron, .et al. , Sci Rep, 2025, Aug 16;15(1):29995 PMID: 40819150
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sodium-potassium pump inhibitor
Digoxin is a sodium-potassium pump inhibitor.- Ella Martin, .et al. , ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci, 2025, May 12;8(9):2996-3006 PMID: 40969890
- Reiko Watanabe, .et al. , J Med Chem, 2021, Mar 11;64(5):2725-2738 PMID: 33619967
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Sodium Channel inhibitor
AmbroxolHCl is a potent inhibitor of the neuronal Na+ channels, inhibits TTX-resistant Na+ currents with IC50 of 35.2 uM and 22.5 μM for tonic and phasic block, inhibits TTX-sensitive Na+ currents with IC50 of 100 μM. Phase 3.- Giovanni Bocci, .et al. , ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci, 2020, Oct 14 PMID: 33330842
- Carbamazepine is an anticonvulsant and mood-stabilizing drug used primarily in the treatment of epilepsy and bipolar disorder, as well as trigeminal neuralgia.
- Jingyeong Shin, .et al. , Chemical Engineering Journal, 2023, December
- Takashi Azuma, .et al. , SEP PURIF TECHNOL, 2019, Apr; 212: 483-489
- Azuma T, .et al. , Environ Sci Pollut Res Int, 2017, Aug;24(23):19021-19030 PMID: 28660504
- Azuma T, .et al. , Sci Total Environ, 2016, Apr 1;548-549:189-197 PMID: 26802347
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Ion channel blocker
Vernakalant Hcl is an investigational mixed ion channel blocker that can terminate acute atrial fibrillation (AF) in humans at 2 to 5 mg/kg and may be more atrial-selective than available agents; in treatment of antiarrhythmic.- Joe Z.Zhang, .et al. , Cell Stem Cell, 2019, 24, 1-10 PMID: 30880024
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Sodium channel blocker
Disopyramide is an antiarrhythmic (class IA) and a sodium channel blocker.- Reiko Watanabe, .et al. , J Med Chem, 2021, Mar 11;64(5):2725-2738 PMID: 33619967
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HIF-1α inhibitor
Minocycline hydrochloride is a broad-spectrum tetracycline antibiotic, acting by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit and inhibiting protein synthesis.- Viktoria Lazar, .et al. , Nature, 2022, 610: 540-546 PMID: 36198788
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Na+ channel blocker
Amiloride hydrochloride is a Na+ channel blocker, also inhibits TRPP3 channels and Na+/H+ exchanger (NHE).- Yu Y, .et al. , Cell Physiol Biochem, 2019, 52(5):1017-1038 PMID: 30977986
- Thomas D. Williams, .et al. , J Cell Sci, 2018, Mar 15; 131(6): jcs213736 PMID: 29440238
- Bupivacaine is a more potent inhibitor of cAMP production than are chemically related local anesthetics that are less prone to produce cardiovascular toxicity.
- Lidocaine (Alphacaine) is an anasthetic and class Ib antiarrhythmic agent. Blocks voltage-gated sodium channels in the inactivated state.
- Phenytoin sodium (Dilantin) is a sodium channel protein inhibitor.
- Riluzole preferentially blocks TTX-sensitive sodium channels, which are associated with damaged neurons.This reduces influx of calcium ions and indirectly prevents stimulation of glutamate receptors.
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SGLT2 inhibitor
PF-04971729 is a potent and selective inhibitor of the sodium-dependent glucose cotransporter 2. -
blocker of fast Na+-dependent action potentials and voltage-dependent
Lidocaine N-ethyl bromide is a non-membrane-permeable blocker of fast Na+-dependent action potentials and voltage-dependent, non-inactivating Na+ conductance. -
DNA Dye
DAPI (4',6-Diamidino-2-phenylindole) is a fluorescent DNA dye that selectively binds to the AT base pairs in the minor groove of double-stranded DNA, enhancing fluorescence intensity approximately 20-fold upon binding. This property makes DAPI suitable for applications in fluorescence microscopy, allowing for quantification of DNA based on fluorescence intensity. Additionally, DAPI's ability to penetrate intact cell membranes enables its use in staining both live and fixed cells. DAPI also acts as an inhibitor of acid-sensing ion channel 3 (ASIC3), potentially contributing to research in chronic pain treatment (Ex/Em = 356/451 nm). -
Sodium Channel Inhibitor
Lamotrigine-13C3 is a stable isotope-labeled derivative of Lamotrigine, a highly effective sodium channel inhibitor. This compound selectively targets voltage-gated Na+ channels, leading to stabilization of presynaptic neuronal membranes and a subsequent reduction in glutamate release. Lamotrigine-13C3 is suitable for research applications related to epilepsy, focal seizures, and other neurological disorders. -
glutamate release inhibitor
Sipatrigine, a neuroprotective agent, is a glutamate release inhibitor, voltage-dependent sodium channel and calcium channel inhibitor, penetrating the central nervous system. Has potential to treat focal cerebral ischemia and stroke. -
Sodium channel blocker
Raxatrigine (GSK1014802) is a novel sodium channel blocker and is an effective anticonvulsant agent. In rats, GSK1014802 (20 - 80 mg/kg p.o.) attenuated the deficit in reversal learning induced by phencyclidine (PCP) in a dose-dependent way, which suggested the potential of GSK1014802 in the treatment of cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia. GSK2 was also a potent inhibitor of human MAO-B with pIC50 value of 7.96 but did not inhibit human MAO-A. -
PDE1 inhibitor
Vinpocetine is a Ca2+-calmodulin-dependent phosphodiesterase I (PDE1) inhibitor. -
NMDA receptor antagonist
Orphenadrine citrate is a NMDA receptor antagonist with Ki of 6.0 +/- 0.7 μM, HERG potassium channel blocker. -
Voltage-gated sodium channels antagonist
Proparacaine HCl is a voltage-gated sodium channels antagonist with ED50 of 3.4 mM. - Amiloride hydrochloride dihydrate is a potent epithelial sodium channel blocker and selective low threshold (T-type) calcium channel protein inhibitor (KD=30μM).
- Lamotrigine is a novel anticonvulsant drug for inhibition of 5-HT with IC50 of 240 μM and 474 μM in human platelets and rat brain synaptosomes, and also is a sodium channel blocker.
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Nav inhibitor
Nav1.7-IN-2 is an inhibitor of voltage-gated sodium channels (Nav), in particular Nav 1.7, with IC50 of 80 nM. -
Sodium channel blocker
Nicainoprol is a fast-sodium-channel blocking drug, which is a potent antiarrhythmic agent. -
voltage-gated sodium channel Nav1.7 inhibitor
Nav1.7-IN-3 is a selective, orally bioavailable voltage-gated sodium channel Nav1.7 inhibitor with an IC50 of 8 nM. Pain relief. Limited CNS penetration. -
Sodium channel Blocker
QX 314 chloride is a membrane impermeable quaternary derivative of lidocaine, a voltage-activated Na+ channel blocker -
NaV1.3 and NaV1.1 channels inhibitor
ICA-121431 is a potent and selective inhibitor of human NaV1.3 and NaV1.1 channels (IC50 values are 13 and 23 nM respectively). -
Sodium channel blocker
Encainide HCl is a sodium channel blocker and class Ic antiarrhythmic. Encainide is a non-chiral antiarrhythmic and benzanilide derivative. -
sodium channel protein inhibitor
Oxcarbazepine is a sodium channel protein inhibitor. -
Sodium channel blocker/DNMT inhibitor
Procainamide HCl is a sodium channel blocker, and also a DNA methyltransferase inhibitor. -
SChE inhibitor
Dibucaine (USAN) is an amide local anesthetic. Dibucaine reversibly binds to and inactivates sodium channels in the neuronal cell membrane. Inhibition of sodium channels prevents the depolarization of nerve cell membranes and inhibits subsequent propagation of impulses along the course of the nerve, thereby limiting the excitation of nerve endings. This results in loss of sensation. -
5-HT receptor /dopamine receptors antagonist
Metergoline is a psychoactive drug of the ergoline chemical class which acts as a ligand for various serotonin and dopamine receptors. -
sodium channel inhibitor
Levobupivacaine is a local anaesthetic drug belonging to the amino amide group. - Benzocaine hydrochloride is a surface anesthetic that acts by preventing transmission of impulses along nerve fibers and at nerve endings.
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Sodium Channel Blocker
Pilsicainide is a water soluble selective Na+ channel blocker. -
Nav1.7 Inhibitor
PF-05089771 is a Selective Nav1.7 Inhibitor (IC50 = 11 nM) that interacts with the voltage-sensor domain (VSD) of domain IV. -
Nav1.7 sodium channel inhibitor
Raxatrigine hydrochloride (GSK-1014802 hydrochloride) is a novel small molecule state-dependent sodium channel blocker; Nav1.7 sodium channel inhibitor. -
Na+ channel blocker
Ralfinamide mesylate (FCE-26742A mesylate) is an orally available Na+ channel blocker derived from α-aminoamide, with function of suppressing pain. -
inhibitor of Kv2.1 and Kv2.2
RY785 (Kv2-IN-A1) is an inhibitor of Kv2.1 and Kv2.2. -
sodium channel blocker
Levobupivacaine hydrochloride is a sodium channel blocker. - Eleclazine, also known as GS-6615, is a selective late sodium current inhibitor. Eleclazine is potentially useful for treatment of coronary vasodilators, antiarrhythmics and vasodilators.

