In MDA-MB231 cells, Parthenolide progressively lowered intracellular GSH and decreased cell viability in separate assessments. In astroglial-enriched cultures prepared from ICR mice, Parthenolide pretreatment inhibited Tat±morphine-induced increases in TNF-α, MCP-1, and IL-6 release compared with Tat±morphine treatment without PAR. In murine immortalized macrophages stably expressing ASC-YFP, Parthenolide prevented LPS- and ATP-induced speck formation compared with DMSO. [1,2,3]
Literature-reported observations and conditions; not Adooq-tested protocols or general treatment recommendations.
Reduced intracellular GSH in breast cancer cells
Cell-based study · MDA-MB231 cells [1]
In MDA-MB231 cells, exposure to 25 μM Parthenolide progressively lowered intracellular GSH, reaching 10–15% of control at 16 h.
Literature-Reported Treatment Conditions
- Treatment concentration
- 25 μM
- Exposure duration
- 16 h
- Method
- diluted to final concentration in the culture medium
- Vehicle
- dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)
Methods and source locations
Compound reported in the paper: Parthenolide
Literature evidence for the named compound in the stated model; no Adooq product-use or lot-performance claim.
Results > Parthenolide causes depletion of intracellular thiols (S55, S56); Materials and Methods > Chemicals and reagents (S108); Materials and Methods > Cell cultures (S111); Materials and Methods > Measurement of intracellular thiols and GSH content (S148); Figure 4 legend (S253)
intracellular GSH content: intracellular GSH content; comparator: untreated cells — Results > Parthenolide causes depletion of intracellular thiols (S56); Materials and Methods > Measurement of intracellular thiols and GSH content (S148)
Reduced cytokine release in astroglial cultures
Cell-based study · Astroglial-enriched cultures were prepared using 1–4-day-old ICR mice [2]
In astroglial-enriched cultures prepared from ICR mice, pretreatment with 10 µM and 20 µM Parthenolide inhibited Tat±morphine-induced increases in TNF-α, MCP-1, and IL-6 release at 12 h compared with Tat±morphine treatment without PAR.
Literature-Reported Treatment Conditions
- Treatment concentration
- 10 µM and 20 µM
- Exposure duration
- for 15–20 min followed by incubation with HIV-Tat±morphine (Morph or MOR) for 12 h
- Method
- added to cells
- Vehicle
- culture medium
- Co-treatment
- Other interventions in this design: Tat1–72 100 nM; morphine sulfate 500 nM. Compound effect isolated by the comparison: Tat±morphine treatment without PAR.
Methods and source locations
Compound reported in the paper: Parthenolide
Literature evidence for the named compound in the stated model; no Adooq product-use or lot-performance claim.
Materials and Methods > Cell Culture (S6); Materials and Methods > Experimental Treatments (S21, S22); Results > NF-κB Inhibition Reduces Proinflammatory Cytokine and Chemokine Production (S84, S85); Figure 1 legend (S146, S147, S149)
release of MCP-1, IL-6, and TNF-α by ELISA: release of MCP-1, IL-6, and TNF-α by ELISA; comparator: Tat±morphine treatment without PAR — Results > NF-κB Inhibition Reduces Proinflammatory Cytokine and Chemokine Production (S85); Figure 1 legend (S147)
Speck formation prevention in immortalized macrophages
Cell-based study · Murine immortalized macrophages that stably express ASC-YFP [3]
Murine immortalized macrophages stably expressing ASC-YFP were treated with 10 µM Parthenolide. Compared with DMSO, Parthenolide prevented speck formation in response to LPS and ATP stimulation.
Literature-Reported Treatment Conditions
- Treatment concentration
- 10 µM
- Exposure duration
- stimulated with 10 ng/ml LPS for 3 h, treated with 50 µM CRID3 10 µM parthenolide or DMSO in serum free media for 30 min followed by addition of 5 mM ATP for 1 h
- Method
- in serum free media
- Vehicle
- DMSO
- Co-treatment
- Other interventions in this design: LPS 10 ng/ml; ATP 5 mM. Compound effect isolated by the comparison: DMSO.
Methods and source locations
Compound reported in the paper: Parthenolide
Literature evidence for the named compound in the stated model; no Adooq product-use or lot-performance claim.
Results > CRID3 prevents NLRP3 and AIM2 dependent ASC oligomerisation (S30, S33); Figure 5 legend (S136)
formation of specks: formation of specks; comparator: DMSO — Results > CRID3 prevents NLRP3 and AIM2 dependent ASC oligomerisation (S33)
Decreased cell viability in breast cancer cells
Cell-based study · MDA-MB231 cells [1]
In MDA-MB231 cells, exposure to 25 μM Parthenolide for 16 h decreased cell viability by 64%, as assessed by MTT assay.
Literature-Reported Treatment Conditions
- Treatment concentration
- 25 μM
- Exposure duration
- 16 h of exposure
- Method
- diluted to final concentration in the culture medium
- Vehicle
- dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)
Methods and source locations
Compound reported in the paper: Parthenolide
Literature evidence for the named compound in the stated model; no Adooq product-use or lot-performance claim.
Results > Parthenolide effect on cell viability and intracellular calcium level (S1, S2); Materials and Methods > Chemicals and reagents (S108); Materials and Methods > Cell viability and cell death assays (S115); Figure 1 legend (S200, S211)
Cell viability was assessed by MTT assay: Cell viability was assessed by MTT assay; comparator: untreated control — Results > Parthenolide effect on cell viability and intracellular calcium level (S2); Figure 1 legend (S200)
