Natural Products

Betanin is a red glycosidic food dye obtained from beets

Germacrone is an antiviral isolate of Geranium macrorrhizum.

Berberine Sulfate is an alkaloid which exhibits relatively weak antibiotic properties, because of its efflux by multidrug resistance pumps.

Wogonin is an anti-inflammatory agent and an inhibitor of CDK9 and does not inhibit CDK2, CDK4 and CDK6 at doses that inhibit CDK9 activity; Also inhibits N-acetyltransferase

Xanthatin, a xanthanolide sesquiterpenoid exhibiting potent antibacterial activity against MRSA.

Geraniin is a dehydroellagitannin found in geraniums.

Pinoresinol diglucoside is the important antihypertensive compound in Eucommia ulmoides Oliv., a traditional Chinese herb medicine.

(-)-Catechin gallate is an antioxidant constituent of green tea. At uM concentrations, inhibits VEGF-induced tyrosine phosphorylation.

Hypericin is a photosensitive antiviral, anticancer and antidepressant agent derived from Hypericum perforatum (St John's wort).

Ginsenoside Rg3 affects endothelium dependent relaxation in the aorta.relaxation in the aorta.

Cyanidin chloride is an anthocyanin polyphenolic antioxidant compound with demonstrated cell protectant effects.

12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol-13-acetate is a diester of phorbol and is a tumor promoting compound extracted from croton oil. It is a reversible, highly potent protein kinase C (PKC) activator in vitro and in vivo at nM concentrations.

Tanshinone IIA (TIIA) is one of the major extracts obtained from Salvia miltiorrhiza BUNGE, which has anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects on many diseases.

Asiatic acid is commonly used in wound healing. Asiatic acid has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties. Asiatic acid derivative synthesis can be used as Anticancer agents; Glycogen phosphorylase inhibitors; Hepatoprotectants.

Gingerol, a phenolic substance and a potent cardiotonic agent isolated from the rhizome of ginger, has been shown to stimulate the Ca2+-pumping activity of sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) of rabbits in a concentration-dependent manner.

Diosgenin is a steroid sapogenin and the precursor for the semisynthesis of progesterone which in turn was used in early combined oral contraceptive pills.It is the product of hydrolysis by acids, strong bases, or enzymes of saponins, extracted from the tubers of Dioscorea wild yam, such as the Kokoro.

Trichodesmine is a pyrrolizidine alkaloid that has neurotoxic effects and is naturally found in Crotolaria argyptiaca, a shrub plant that is native to the south eastern desert of Egypt.

Catechin is a natural flavonoid that has chemopreventive and antitumor properties.

Emodin is a purgative resin, from rhubarb, the buckthorn and Japanese Knotweed (Fallopia japonica). It belongs to a family of compounds called anthraquinones, which have shown anti-inflammatory and anticancer effects

Eriodictyol is a bitter-masking flavanone, a flavonoid extracted from Yerba Santa (Eriodictyon californicum), a plant native to North America.

Rhein is a substance in the anthraquinone group found in rhubarb species like Rheum undulatum or Rheum palmatum or in Cassia reticulata.

Verbascoside is isolated from Lantana camara, acts as an ATP-competitive inhibitor of PKC, with an IC50 of 25 μM, and has antitumor, anti-inflammatory and antineuropathic pain activity.

Kinetin is a kind of cytokinin, a class of plant hormone that promotes cell division.

Angelicin is a furanocoumarin typically isolated from the seeds of P. corylifolia. It has also been shown to prevent tacrine-induced cytotoxicity in human liver-derived HepG2 cells (EC50 = 47 ug/ml) and vascular relaxation in phenylephrine-precontracted rat aorta.

Isoimperatorin is an anti-inflammatory agent, that also has an effect on proliferation, isolated from the dried roots of Angelicae dahuricae.

Imperatorin is a furocoumarin present in citrus fruits, which is used in HIV-1 research.

Praeruptorin B, extracted from Umbelliferae Peucedanum praeruptorum.

Xanthotoxol is a furanocoumarin. It is one of the major active ingredients in Cnidium monnieri.

Halofuginone is a semisynthetic quinazolinone alkaloid anticoccidial derived from the plant Dichroa febrifuga, with antifibrotic and potential antineoplastic activities.

Diosmetin is an O-methylated flavone, a chemical compound that can be found in the Caucasian vetch.

Quercetin 3-O-β-D-glucofuranoside is an effective antioxidant and an eosinophilic inflammation suppressor.

Baicalin is a known prolyl endopeptidase inhibitor and affects the GABA receptors.

(-)-Epigallocatechin gallate is a potent anti-oxidant polyphenol flavonoid isolated from green tea.

Nobiletin is a chemical compound. It is an O-methylated flavone, a flavonoid isolated from citrus peels like in tangerine. Nobiletin was found to have anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor invasion, proliferation, and metastasis in vitro and in vivo. Nobiletin was also found to potentially inhibit cartilage degradation.

Phloretin inhibits the active transport of glucose into cells by SGLT1 and SGLT2, though the inhibition is weaker than by its glycoside phlorizin.

Phlorizin is a competitive inhibitor of SGLT1 and SGLT2; this reduces renal glucose transport, lowering the amount of glucose in the blood.

Quercetin inhibits many enzyme systems including tyrosine protein kinase, phospholipase A2, phosphodiesterases, mitochondrial ATPase, PI 3-kinase and protein kinase C.

Rutin is one of the phenolic compounds found in the invasive plant species Carpobrotus edulis and contributes to the antibacterial and antioxidant properties of the plant

Theobromine(3,7-Dimethylxanthine) is a xanthine alkaloid that is used as a bronchodilator and as a vasodilator. It has a weaker diuretic activity than theophylline and is also a less powerful stimulant of smooth muscle. It has practically no stimulant effect on the central nervous system. It was formerly used as a diuretic and in the treatment of angina pectoris and hypertension.

Berberine hydrochloride was novelly found that it has various beneficial effects on the cardiovascular system and significant anti-inflammatory activities. Berberine can effectively reduce intracellular superoxide levels in LPS-stimulated macrophages. Such a restoration of cellular redox by berberine is mediated by its selective inhibition of gp91phox expression and enhancement of SOD activity.

Puerarin is one of several known isoflavones. Puerarin is a 5-HT2C receptor and benzodiazepine site antagonist. Puerarin is being investigated as a self-microemulsifying drug delivery system.

Marizomib is a naturally-occurring salinosporamide, isolated from the marine actinomycete Salinospora tropica, with potential antineoplastic activity.

6-shogaol is a pungent constituent of ginger similar in chemical structure to gingerol.

Capsaicin is an active component of chili peppers, which are plants belonging to the genus Capsicum.

Naringenin is a flavanone, a type of flavonoid, that is considered to have a bioactive effect on human health as antioxidant, free radical scavenger, anti-inflammatory, carbohydrate metabolism promoter, and immune system modulator.

Polygalaxanthone III, extracted from Polygala crotalarioides.

(-)-Epigallocatechin is a major green tea polyphenol with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer activities.

Baicalein is a flavonoid originally isolated from the roots of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi. Baicalein inhibits lipid peroxidation, as assessed by production of TBARS, with an IC50 value of 5 µM.

Isoalantolactone, extracted from the roots of both Inula helenium L.

Daidzein belongs to the group of isoflavones. Daidzein and other isoflavone compounds, such as genistein, are present in a number of plants and herbs. Soy isoflavones are a group of compounds found in and isolated from the soybean. Besides functioning as antioxidants, many isoflavones have been shown to interact with animal and human estrogen receptors, and therefore are known as phytoestrogens.