Natural Products

Dihydromyricetin (Ampelopsin (flavanol); Ampeloptin) is a natural antioxidant with good prospects.

(-)-Epigallocatechin gallate is a potent anti-oxidant polyphenol flavonoid isolated from green tea.

Azomycin(2-Nitroimidazole) is an antimicrobial antibiotic produced by a strain of Nocardia mesenterica, which is active against aerobic Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.

Indirubin, the active constituent of a Chinese antileukaemia medicine, is a potent cyclin-dependent kinases and GSK-3β inhibitor with IC50 of about 5 μM and 0.6 μM.

Caffeic acid is an organic compound that is classified as hydroxycinnamic acid.

Baicalin is a known prolyl endopeptidase inhibitor and affects the GABA receptors.

Chrysophanic acid (Chrysophanol) blocks proliferation of colon cancer cells by inhibiting EGFR/mTOR pathway.

Icariin is inhibitory to all three PDE5 isoforms that inhibits PDE5A1, A2, and A3 with an IC50 value of 1.0, 0.75, and 1.1 microM, respectively.

Silibinin (silybin) is the major active constituent of silymarina compound extracted from the seeds of the herb milk thistle.

Andrographolide is an interesting pharmacophore with anticancer and immunomodulatory activities and hence has the potential for being developed as a cancer therapeutic agent.

Synephrine (Oxedrine) is an amine compound commonly used for weight loss.

Silymarin (Silibinin B) inhibits chemically induced urinary bladder tumor growth and progression possibly by inhibiting cell proliferation and enhancing apoptosis.

Kaempferol is found to inhibit bovine aorta myosin light chain kinase with a Ki of 0.3-0.5 microM and also is found to inhibit VEGF expression and in vitro angiogenesis through a novel ERK-NFκB-cMyc-p21 pathway.

Sclareolide (Norambreinolide) is a sesquiterpene lactone natural product .

Aloin (Barbaloin) is a yellow crystalline substance obtained from aloe and is reported to be a potent inhibitors of tyrosinase.

Curcumol induces apoptosis via caspases-independent mitochondrial pathway in human lung adenocarcinoma ASTC-a-1 cells.

Taxifolin is found to bind at the ATP-binding site on VEGFR-2 kinase with large value of binding energy and act as type I competitive inhibitor.

Glycyrrhetinic acid inhibits the enzymes (15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase and delta-13-prostaglandin) that metabolize the prostaglandins PGE-2 and PGF-2α to their respective 15-keto-13,14-dihydro metabolites which are inactive.

Coenzyme Q10 is a component of the mitochondrial transporter chain that behaves as a powerful antioxidant. Displays neuroprotective activity.

Cyclovirobuxine D (Bebuxine) is an active compound extracted from Buxus microphylla that significantly increases cardiomyocytes viability injured by oxidation or hypoxia.

Haematoxylin is extracted from the heartwood of the logwood tree.When oxidized it forms haematein, a compound that forms strongly coloured complexes with certain metal ions, the most notable ones being Fe(III) and Al(III) salts. Metal-haematein complexes are used to stain cell nuclei prior to examination under a microscope.

Hordenine is a phenethylamine alkaloid with antibacterial and antibiotic properties.

Lappaconite Hydrobromide is a kind of alkaloid extracted from Aconitum sinomontanum Nakai and has anti-inflammatory effects.

Naringenin is a flavanone, a type of flavonoid, that is considered to have a bioactive effect on human health as antioxidant, free radical scavenger, anti-inflammatory, carbohydrate metabolism promoter, and immune system modulator.

Flavanone glycoside with neuroprotective and antioxidant properties. Does not inhibit oral carcinogenesis in a rat model unlike other citrus flavanones, but does exert a protective effect against gastritis and gastric lesions.

Neohesperidin dihydrochalcone (Nhdc) is a flavonoid sweetening agent with potent antioxidant activity.

Palmatine chloride is a protoberberine alkaloid that is isolated from medicinal herbs like Coptis chinensis Franch.

Polydatin protects cerebral cells from ischemic damages via improvement of microcirculation and inhibition of platelet aggregation. In addition, polydatin inhibits ICAM-1 expression in endothelial cells stimulated by lipopolysaccharide; it also attenuates adhesion between white blood cells and endothelial cells.

Quercetin inhibits many enzyme systems including tyrosine protein kinase, phospholipase A2, phosphodiesterases, mitochondrial ATPase, PI 3-kinase and protein kinase C.

Quercetin inhibits many enzyme systems including tyrosine protein kinase, phospholipase A2, phosphodiesterases, mitochondrial ATPase, PI 3-kinase and protein kinase C.

Rhein is a substance in the anthraquinone group found in rhubarb species like Rheum undulatum or Rheum palmatum or in Cassia reticulata.

Rheochrysidin is one of the major components of Da-Cheng-Qi decoction used in the treatment of inflammation.

Salidroside (Rhodioloside) is a glucoside of tyrosol found in the plant Rhodiola rosea. It is thought to be one of the compounds responsible for the antidepressant and anxiolytic actions of this plant, along with rosavin.

Sesamin is a lignan isolated from the bark of Fagara plants and from sesame oil.

Sodium danshensu is a sodium salt of danshensu from the widely used Chinese herb Danshen (Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge). In vitro and in vivo studies revealed that danshensu possessed diverse pharmacological effects, including relaxation of coronary artery, anticoagulation, protection of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury, and antiarrhythmia activities

Tetrandrine is a calcium channel blocker. It inhibits the degranulation of mast cells.Tetrandrine has anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrogenic actions, which make tetrandrine and related compounds potentially useful in the treatment of lung silicosis, liver cirrhosis, and rheumatoid arthritis.

Chondroitin sulfate is a sulfated glycosaminoglycan (GAG) composed of a chain of alternating sugars.

Astragaloside A is a novel regulator of HIF-1α and angiogenesis through the PI3K/Akt pathway in HUVECs that are exposed to hypoxia.

is a plant hormone in the auxin family and is an ingredient in many commercial horticultural plant rooting products.

4-Methylumbelliferone is a selective inhibitor of Hyaluronan (HA) synthesis which is thought to function as an inhibitor via the depletion of UDP-glucuronic acid, the common substrate for HA synthesis.

5-Hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) is a naturally occurring amino acid and chemical precursor as well as a metabolic intermediate in the biosynthesis of the neurotransmitters serotonin and melatonin from tryptophan.

Aesculin is a glucoside that naturally occurs in the horse chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum). It is used in a microbiology laboratory to aid in the identification of bacterial species (especially Enterococci and Listeria).

Amygdalin is a glycoside initially isolated from the seeds of the tree Prunus dulcis. Amygdalin induces apoptosis through regulation of Bax and Bcl-2 expressions in human DU145 and LNCaP prostate cancer cells.

Apigenin, found in many plants, is a natural product belonging to the flavone class that is the aglycone of several naturally-occurring glycosides. Apigenin acts as a monoamine transporter activator, one of the few chemicals demonstrated to possess this property. Apigenin is a ligand for central benzodiazepine receptors that competitively inhibited the binding of flunitrazepam with a Ki of 4μM, exerting anxiolytic and slight sedative effects.

Arbutin is a glycosylated hydroquinone used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). Arbutin inhibits melanin formation due to its tyrosinase inhibitory activity.

Artesunate is a semisynthetic derivative of artemisinin used to treat malaria. It has also been shown to effective against other parasites such as liver flukes. Artesunate also demonstrates cytotoxic action against cancer cell lines of different tumor types. Artesunate has been shown to inhibit TNF--induced production of proinflammatory cytokines via inhibition of NF-B and PI3 kinase/Akt signal pathway in human rheumatoid arthritis fibroblast-like synoviocytes.

Asiatic acid is commonly used in wound healing. Asiatic acid has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties. Asiatic acid derivative synthesis can be used as Anticancer agents; Glycogen phosphorylase inhibitors; Hepatoprotectants.

Baicalein is a flavonoid originally isolated from the roots of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi. Baicalein inhibits lipid peroxidation, as assessed by production of TBARS, with an IC50 value of 5 µM.

Berberine hydrochloride was novelly found that it has various beneficial effects on the cardiovascular system and significant anti-inflammatory activities. Berberine can effectively reduce intracellular superoxide levels in LPS-stimulated macrophages. Such a restoration of cellular redox by berberine is mediated by its selective inhibition of gp91phox expression and enhancement of SOD activity.

Bergenin (Cuscutin) is an isocoumarin isolated from various medicinal plants. Shows mild anti-HIV activity, antihepatotoxic activity and antiulcer activity.