Endocrinology-Hormones

Small molecules play a pivotal role in Endocrinology Research. These are low molecular weight compounds that have a significant impact on the endocrine system, hormones, and their receptors. Here are some key aspects of how small molecules are involved in this field:

  • Hormone Mimetics and Inhibitors: Small molecules are used to develop synthetic compounds that mimic the actions of hormones or inhibit their effects. For example, drugs like metformin for diabetes management and selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) for breast cancer treatment are used to either mimic or block hormonal activity.
  • Receptor Modulation: Small molecules can bind to hormone receptors and modulate their activity. This is crucial in developing drugs that target specific hormone receptors, like the use of small molecule agonists and antagonists to regulate thyroid hormone receptors.
  • Metabolism Regulation: Endocrinology research often focuses on metabolism and how hormones like insulin regulate it. Small molecules are employed to understand and develop drugs targeting enzymes involved in metabolism, such as glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) agonists for diabetes treatment.
  • Steroid Hormone Production: Small molecules may be utilized to influence the production of steroid hormones in the adrenal glands or gonads. This is essential for conditions like Cushing's syndrome or polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).
  • Hormone Assays: In laboratory research, small molecules are used as tracers or markers in hormone assays. For instance, small molecule fluorophores can be attached to antibodies to detect hormone levels in blood samples.

Drug Development: Endocrinology research relies on small molecules as potential drug candidates. Researchers design and test small molecules for their effectiveness in modulating hormonal pathways, with the goal of developing new therapies for endocrine disorders.
In summary, small molecules are indispensable tools in Endocrinology Research, enabling scientists to better understand the endocrine system's intricacies and develop novel treatments for a wide range of hormonal disorders and conditions. Their versatility and specificity make them valuable assets in advancing our knowledge of endocrinology and improving patient care.


Endocrinology Disease Products


Endocrinology Research Products

Kisspeptin Receptor

Leptin Receptors

Melanocortin (MC) Receptors

Mineralocorticoid Receptors

Ghrelin Receptors

Natriuretic Peptide Receptors

NPY Receptors

Motilin Receptor

PTH Receptor

Items 1701-1750 of 1754

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Product Name
Application
Product Information
Citations
  1. ERα Inhibitor

    Fulvestrant-3-boronic acid is a potent estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) inhibitor that exhibits competitive binding with an IC50 of 4.1 nM. This compound effectively induces degradation of ERα in breast cancer cells, making it a valuable tool for research in estrogen receptor-related signaling pathways and breast cancer therapies. Its mechanism of action supports studies aimed at understanding ERα's role in tumor progression and treatment resistance.
  2. Selective Estrogen Receptor Degrader

    GLL398 is a potent, orally bioavailable selective estrogen receptor degrader (SERD) that effectively targets the estrogen receptor (ER) with an IC50 of 1.14 nM. It demonstrates significant binding affinity to the ER Y537S mutant (IC50 = 29.5 nM), making it a valuable tool for research applications in oncology. GLL398 has shown its ability to inhibit tumor growth in xenograft models of breast cancer, highlighting its potential for therapeutic strategies in ER-positive breast cancer.
  3. FSH Receptor Agonist

    Corifollitropin alfa, a long-acting recombinant follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) analog, functions as an FSH receptor agonist with an EC50 of 5.0 pM. This compound effectively stimulates ovulation and is employed in infertility research. Its prolonged action makes it a valuable tool for investigating reproductive health and therapeutic applications in controlled ovarian stimulation.
  4. ERα Degrader

    ERα degrader-2 is a selective estrogen receptor degrader (SERD) that exhibits potent binding affinity for the estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) with an IC50 of 17.1 nM and demonstrates robust degradation efficacy with an EC50 of 0.3 nM. This compound possesses favorable pharmacokinetic properties, making it a valuable tool for studying HER2-positive breast cancer. ERα degrader-2 is suitable for applications in cancer research, particularly in investigating therapeutic strategies targeting ERα signaling pathways.
  5. GPER Agonist

    LNS8801 is an orally active agonist of the G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER). This compound facilitates the activation of downstream signaling pathways, notably enhancing the production of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and stimulating the cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) pathway. LNS8801 demonstrates anti-tumor properties, including the inhibition of tumor cell proliferation, induction of cell differentiation, and enhancement of tumor immunogenicity. Its research applications are relevant across various cancer types, such as melanoma, pancreatic cancer, colorectal cancer, and lung cancer, as well as investigations into the physiological and pathological roles of GPER.
  6. Estrogen Receptor/ERR Modulator

    Zuclomiphene-d4 citrate is a deuterium-labeled analog of Zuclomiphene citrate, which acts as an estrogen receptor modulator. Exhibiting antiestrogenic properties, it is orally active and has been shown to reduce cholesterol levels. This compound is useful in research focused on endocrinology and metabolic diseases, providing insights into estrogen-related hormonal pathways and their physiological effects.
  7. Estrogen Receptor Modulator

    LY117018 TFA is a selective estrogen receptor modulator with a structure similar to Raloxifene. It demonstrates significant antiproliferative activity in breast cancer cell lines, making it a valuable tool for research on estrogen receptor-related pathways. This compound can be utilized in studies aimed at understanding the modulation of estrogen receptor activity and its implications in cancer therapy.
  8. ErSO Racemate

    (±)-ErSO is the racemic mixture of ErSO, a selective activator of the anticipatory unfolded protein response (a-UPR). This compound plays a critical role in modulating cellular stress response pathways and protein homeostasis. It is widely utilized in research applications focused on understanding protein misfolding diseases and the mechanisms of cellular adaptation to stress.
  9. Raloxifene Analogue

    LY88074 is a Raloxifene analog that lacks the basic side chain. This compound acts as a selective estrogen receptor modulator, exhibiting key biological activity in reducing fracture risk through mechanisms that enhance the mechanical properties of bone. It operates independently of both cells and estrogen receptors, making it a valuable tool for research into bone health and osteoporotic conditions.
  10. Estrogen Receptor/ERR

    ZK164015 is an estrogen-glucocorticoid receptor chimera that primarily targets the estrogen receptor (ER). This compound serves as a valuable screening tool to assess tissue-selective estrogen activity and has been utilized to investigate ER function in osteoblasts. Studies involving osteoblast-like (ROS and U2OS) and breast cancer (MCF7) cell lines demonstrated that ZK164015 modulates ERE-luciferase reporter activity and influences nuclear mobility, revealing its distinct effects in response to ER agonists.
  11. Estrogen Receptor Ligand

    4,4'-Iminodiphenol is a selective estrogen receptor ligand that acts on the estrogen receptor signaling pathways. This compound is primarily utilized in research applications aimed at understanding estrogen-mediated biological processes and receptor interactions. Its structural characteristics may provide insights into the design of novel therapeutics targeting estrogen receptors.
  12. ERβ Agonist

    CIDD-0149897 is a potent and selective agonist for estrogen receptor beta (ERβ). This compound has demonstrated anti-tumor activity in glioblastoma, making it a valuable tool for research into cancer biology and potential therapeutic applications. Its ability to penetrate the blood-brain barrier enhances its applicability in neurological studies and treatments targeting ERβ.
  13. SERM/Estrogen Receptor Modulator

    GW7604 is a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) that acts as a potent antagonist of the estrogen receptor (ER). As a metabolite of GW5638, it demonstrates high affinity for ERs, inhibiting estrogenic activity. This compound is widely utilized in research focused on understanding the role of estrogens in various disease states and for exploring potential therapeutic interventions in hormone-dependent conditions.
  14. Estrogen Receptor/ERR Inhibitor

    Elacestrant (S enantiomer) is a selective estrogen receptor (ERR) inhibitor known for its oral bioavailability. This compound exhibits differential inhibition with IC50 values of 48 nM for ERα and 870 nM for ERβ, demonstrating its potential as a targeted therapeutic agent in estrogen-related disorders. Its application in research includes studies focused on elucidating estrogen signaling pathways and developing treatments for hormone-responsive cancers.
  15. Medical Intermediate

    6-Dehydronandrolone acetate is a pivotal chemical intermediate employed in the synthesis of Fulvestrant, an estrogen receptor antagonist. This compound plays a significant role in breast cancer research, aiding in the investigation of hormone receptor targeting therapies. Its utility in the development of therapeutic agents makes it a valuable resource for researchers focused on oncological applications.
  16. ERα Agonist/ERβ Antagonist

    (R,R)-THC is a selective estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) agonist and estrogen receptor beta (ERβ) antagonist, exhibiting Ki values of 9.0 nM for ERα and 3.6 nM for ERβ. This compound demonstrates higher binding affinity for ERβ than for ERα, with respective values of 25 nM and 3.6 nM. (R,R)-THC is valuable for research applications exploring estrogen receptor signaling pathways and investigating the differential roles of ERα and ERβ in various biological processes.
  17. Estrogen Receptor/ERR Inhibitor

    Elacestrant S enantiomer dihydrochloride is a selective estrogen receptor (ERR) inhibitor that targets the estrogen receptor with distinct pharmacological properties. This compound demonstrates reduced biological activity compared to its R enantiomer, offering potential applications in the study of estrogen signaling pathways. It serves as a valuable tool for researchers investigating the role of estrogen receptors in various biological processes and the development of therapies for estrogen receptor-positive cancers.
  18. DK1

    ERRα Modulator

    DK1 is a selective modulator of the estrogen-related receptor alpha (ERRα). It demonstrates significant biological activity by reducing blood glucose levels, making it a valuable tool for studying metabolic pathways. This compound holds potential for research applications in diabetes and related disorders.
  19. Estrogen Receptor Modulator

    LY117018 is a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) and an analog of Raloxifene. It exhibits significant antiproliferative activity on breast cancer cell lines, making it a valuable tool for research in cancer biology and therapeutic applications targeting estrogen receptor pathways. This compound can be utilized in studies investigating the modulation of estrogen receptor activity in various cancer models.
  20. Estrogen Receptor Antagonist

    Acolbifene hydrochloride is a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) that acts as an estrogen receptor antagonist. It effectively inhibits estradiol (E2)-induced transcriptional activity of the estrogen receptors ERα and ERβ, with IC50 values of 2 nM and 0.4 nM, respectively. This compound demonstrates strong antiestrogenic activity in both the mammary gland and uterus, highlighting its potential in cancer prevention research and exploration of anticarcinogenic properties.
  21. Estrogen Receptor/ERR

    Cancer-Targeting Compound 1 selectively targets the estrogen receptor (ER), playing a crucial role in the modulation of estrogen-related pathways associated with hormone-driven cancers. This compound is valuable for research focused on the understanding of estrogen receptor signaling and its implications in the development and progression of breast cancer and other hormone-responsive tumors. Through its precise action on the ER, it aids in exploring potential therapeutic strategies and enhancing the knowledge of cancer biology.
  22. Erα Biomodulator

    (Rac)-ErSO-DFP is a selective small molecule biomodulator that targets estrogen receptor alpha (Erα). This compound enhances the Erα-dependent adaptive unfolded protein response (a-UPR), demonstrating potential therapeutic effects against ERα-positive breast cancer, including tumors that exhibit resistance to conventional treatments. Its mechanism suggests possible applications in cancer research and the development of targeted therapies for estrogen-responsive malignancies.
  23. Estrogen Receptor α Inhibitor

    Raloxifene 6-Monomethyl Ether is a derivative of Raloxifene that selectively inhibits Estrogen Receptor α. This compound demonstrates significant biological activity, with an IC50 of 250 nM against MCF-7 breast cancer cells, leading to a pIC50 of 6.6. It is a valuable tool for research in hormone-dependent cancer studies and may provide insights into therapeutic strategies targeting estrogen signaling pathways.
  24. Estrogen Receptor Modulator

    Raloxifene 4'-glucuronide is a major metabolite of Raloxifene that functions as a selective estrogen receptor modulator. It primarily interacts with the estrogen receptor, demonstrating an IC50 of 370 μM. This compound activates the TGFβ3 promoter as a full agonist at nanomolar concentrations while inhibiting expression of the estrogen response element-containing vitellogenin promoter. Raloxifene 4'-glucuronide is useful for research applications in understanding estrogenic activity and signaling pathways.
  25. Drug Intermediate

    5-Bromo-1,2-difluoro-3-methoxybenzene serves as a crucial drug intermediate in synthetic chemistry. It functions as a precursor for the development of glucocorticoid receptor (GR) ligands, enabling the exploration of GR-targeted therapies. This compound is applicable in pharmaceutical research for the synthesis of novel therapeutic agents.
  26. Cloticasone Propionate Intermediate

    Cloticasone propionate is an intermediate in the synthesis of Fluticasone propionate, a potent topical anti-inflammatory corticosteroid that selectively targets the glucocorticoid receptor. Its key biological activity includes the inhibition of inflammatory responses, making it valuable in the development of therapeutic agents for various inflammatory conditions. This compound is primarily utilized in research focused on corticosteroid synthesis and the evaluation of inflammation-related pathways.
  27. Biochemical Assay Reagents

    Beclomethasone 21-propionate is a corticosteroid that primarily targets glucocorticoid receptors. It exhibits potent anti-inflammatory properties and is utilized in various biochemical assays related to glycobiology, focusing on the roles of sugars in cellular processes. This compound plays a crucial role in studying carbohydrate chemistry and glycan interactions, contributing to advancements in biomedicine and biotechnology. Its application in research facilitates a deeper understanding of glycan formation, degradation, and recognition mechanisms.
  28. Biochemical Assay Reagent

    17β-Acetoxy-2α-bromo-5α-androstan-3-one is a biochemical assay reagent that functions as a steroid derivative. This compound exhibits significant biological activity as a selective androgen receptor modulator, making it useful for research focused on steroid hormone signaling and metabolic processes. It is valuable for studies investigating androgen-related disorders and the mechanistic pathways influenced by androgens in various biological systems.
  29. Corticosteroid Ester

    Betamethasone 21-valerate is a corticosteroid ester that exhibits potent anti-inflammatory properties. It acts primarily by binding to glucocorticoid receptors, thereby modulating gene expression and reducing inflammation. This compound is commonly utilized in research applications focused on studying inflammatory processes and evaluating therapeutic interventions in various inflammatory diseases.
  30. Drug Impurity

    Betamethasone dipropionate impurity 2 is a known impurity of the corticosteroid, Betamethasone dipropionate, which serves as a glucocorticoid receptor agonist. This compound may be relevant for research involving the purification and characterization of drug formulations, as well as studies on the stability and efficacy of corticosteroid therapies. Understanding this impurity is essential for ensuring quality control in the production of pharmacologically active compounds.
  31. Drug Impurity

    Fluocinolone impurity 1 is a known impurity of the corticosteroid Fluocinolone, which primarily targets glucocorticoid receptors. This compound serves as a reference standard for quality control in the synthesis and formulation of Fluocinolone, aiding in the assessment of purity and regulatory compliance. Its identification and analysis are crucial for ensuring the integrity of corticosteroid products used in therapeutic applications.
  32. Drug Impurity

    Enzalutamide impurity 4 is a recognized impurity associated with Enzalutamide, a potent androgen receptor inhibitor. This compound is essential for analytical research, particularly in assessing the purity and stability of Enzalutamide formulations. It serves as a valuable tool in drug development and quality control processes, facilitating the identification and quantification of impurities in pharmaceutical applications.
  33. Drug Derivative

    (3β,5α)-Androstan-3-amine hydrochloride is a synthetic derivative of the steroid hormone androstenedione, targeting androgen receptors. This compound exhibits significant biological activity, facilitating research in hormonal studies and androgenic activity. It is particularly relevant for investigating steroid signaling pathways and may have applications in drug discovery and development related to androgen-mediated physiological processes.
  34. Endogenous metabolites

    2α-Methyl androsterone is an anabolic androgenic steroid that acts as a metabolite of mesterolone and drostanolone. It exhibits key biological activities related to androgen receptors, playing a significant role in various androgen-dependent processes. This compound is primarily utilized in research applications focused on steroid hormone metabolism and the development of anabolic therapies.
  35. Dexamethasone Ester

    Dexamethasone dipropionate is an ester derivative of Dexamethasone that primarily acts as a glucocorticoid receptor agonist. It exhibits anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties, making it a valuable tool in the study of various inflammatory conditions, including osteoarthritis. This compound is utilized in research to investigate its effects on joint inflammation and related therapeutic applications.
  36. Glucocorticoid Steroid

    Flurandrenolone Acetate is a synthetic glucocorticoid steroid that functions primarily through the glucocorticoid receptor. It exhibits potent anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties, making it valuable for investigating skin disorders such as eczema and psoriasis. This compound is essential for research focused on therapeutic strategies targeting inflammatory pathways and understanding the mechanisms underlying skin-related conditions.
  37. BWA-522 Intermediate

    BWA-522 intermediate-3 is a key intermediate in the synthesis of BWA-522, a small molecule protein-targeting chimera (PROTAC). This compound exhibits potent degradation of androgen receptor full-length (AR-FL) and its variant AR-V7. BWA-522 is primarily used in research applications focusing on hormone-resistant prostate cancer and mechanisms of selective protein degradation.
  38. Estrogen

    Estriol is an orally active estrogen that acts as an agonist of estrogen receptors ERα and ERβ. It exhibits antagonistic activity against GPR30 in estrogen receptor-negative breast cancer cells, making it a valuable compound in cancer research. Additionally, Estriol has been shown to mitigate disease severity via immunomodulatory mechanisms that reduce tissue inflammation, while also demonstrating proconvulsant properties. Its diverse biological activities make it relevant for studies on hormone-related disorders and cancer therapeutics.
  39. Estrogen Receptor/ERR Agonist

    Estradiol valerate is a synthetic form of the estrogen hormone with a primary mechanism as an agonist of the estrogen receptor (ER). This compound is utilized in various research applications, including hormone replacement therapy studies and investigations into estrogen-mediated biological processes. Its ability to modulate estrogen receptor activity makes it a valuable reagent for exploring the roles of estrogen in development, reproduction, and endocrine function.
  40. PTHR1 Agonist

    AH3960 is a selective agonist of the parathyroid hormone receptor 1 (PTHR1). It has demonstrated significant biological activity through its ability to activate PTHR1, contributing to studies in bone metabolism and calcium homeostasis. Additionally, AH3960 exhibits inhibitory effects on androgen receptors, specifically targeting both wild-type and the T877 mutant variant, with an IC50 value of 0.82 μM. This dual functionality makes AH3960 a valuable tool for research in endocrine signaling and related pathways.
  41. Antiestrogenic Lignin

    Tracheloside is an antiestrogenic lignin known for promoting keratinocyte proliferation through the stimulation of the ERK1/2 signaling pathway. This compound exhibits significant potential in enhancing wound healing and tissue regeneration processes. Its ability to modulate cellular responses makes Tracheloside a valuable tool for research in dermatological and regenerative medicine applications.
  42. Glucocorticoid Corticosteroid

    Halobetasol propionate is a synthetic glucocorticoid corticosteroid that primarily targets the glucocorticoid receptor. This compound demonstrates significant anti-inflammatory, antipruritic, and vasoconstrictive properties, making it an effective agent in the treatment of inflammatory skin conditions. Halobetasol propionate is commonly utilized in research focused on psoriasis and other related dermatological disorders.
  43. Androgen Receptor Agonist

    Dehydroisoandrosterone 3-acetate is an androgen receptor agonist that serves as a key precursor to testosterone and estrogen. It plays a significant role in modulating vertebrate aggression and has been utilized in research to explore its effects on hormonal pathways and behavioral responses. This compound is particularly useful for studies investigating androgenic activity and its implications in various physiological and psychological processes.
  44. Glucocorticoid Receptor Agonist

    Hydrocortisone cypionate is a synthetic glucocorticoid corticosteroid that acts as a potent agonist of the glucocorticoid receptor. This compound exhibits anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties, making it valuable for research applications related to inflammation, immune response modulation, and endocrine regulation. It is commonly utilized in studies investigating the effects of glucocorticoids on various biological processes and disease models.
  45. Glucocorticoid Agonist

    Methylprednisolone succinate sodium is a prodrug of methylprednisolone and acts as a glucocorticoid agonist. It exhibits significant immunosuppressant and anti-inflammatory properties by binding to cytosolic glucocorticoid receptors, which facilitates the modulation of target gene transcription. This compound influences the expression of key proteins such as Bax, Bcl-2, occludin, and ZO-1, while also attenuating TLR4/NF-κB signaling, suppressing proinflammatory cytokine production, and inhibiting immune cell activation. Methylprednisolone succinate sodium is valuable for research related to intracranial hemorrhage, rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, and various inflammatory conditions.
  46. Antiestrogen

    Triphenylethylene is an antiestrogen agent that primarily functions by inhibiting L-type Ca2+ channels. This compound displays weak estrogenic activity and has been shown to relax duodenal intestinal muscle. Triphenylethylene is useful in research applications focusing on estrogen receptor modulation and the investigation of calcium channel dynamics in smooth muscle tissues.
  47. ERα Agonist/ERβ Antagonist

    Bisphenol C is a selective estrogen receptor-α (ERα) agonist and estrogen receptor-β (ERβ) antagonist, exhibiting IC50 values of 2.65 nM and 1.94 nM for ERα and ERβ, respectively. This compound is significant in research related to endocrine disruption and estrogenic activity. Its applications extend to investigating the biological effects associated with environmental exposure to endocrine disruptors found in common consumer products such as plastics and food packaging.
  48. Estrogen Receptor/ERR

    Dienestrol diacetate targets the estrogen receptor, functioning as a synthetic nonsteroidal phenolic compound with established estrogenic activity. It effectively mimics the effects of estrogen in vivo, influencing the reproductive system and associated biological processes. This compound is under investigation for its potential to inhibit hormone-related diseases, including those arising from estrogen deficiency, and may have applications in hormone replacement therapy.
  49. Anti-Inflammatory Corticosteroid

    Paramethasone is an anti-inflammatory corticosteroid that targets glucocorticoid receptors. It is known for its ability to reduce inflammation and modulate immune responses, making it valuable in the treatment of various inflammatory and autoimmune conditions. This compound is commonly utilized in research to investigate corticosteroid mechanisms and therapeutic applications in disorders such as asthma, arthritis, and other inflammatory diseases.
  50. Antiestrogen

    Ethamoxytriphetol, a nonsteroidal antiestrogen, functions by blocking estrogen receptor activity, thereby inhibiting estrogen-mediated cellular processes. This compound demonstrates significant biological activity in the modulation of hormone-dependent tumors, making it valuable in cancer research, particularly in breast cancer studies. Its application extends to investigating the mechanisms of antiestrogen resistance and exploring novel therapeutic strategies.

Items 1701-1750 of 1754

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