Catalog No.
Product Name
Application
Product Information
Citations
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Alkyltriazine Herbicide
Indaziflam is an alkyltriazine herbicide that acts by targeting the cellulose synthase complex, leading to the inhibition of cellulose biosynthesis in plant cell walls. This compound induces notable physiological alterations in plants, including radial swelling, ectopic lignification, and abnormal root and cell morphology, as well as reduced root and hypocotyl elongation. Additionally, Indaziflam has been shown to cause DNA strand breaks and micronucleus formation in HepG2 cells, making it a valuable reagent for research on monocot weed control and understanding herbicide mechanisms. -
Cathepsin L Inhibitor
Gallinamide A is a potent inhibitor of cathepsin L, demonstrating an IC50 value of 17.6 pM. This compound plays a crucial role in research applications focused on investigating the functions of cathepsin L in various biological processes, including protein degradation and immune response regulation. Its inhibitory activity makes Gallinamide A a valuable tool for studying the implications of cathepsin L in pathophysiological conditions. -
RAR Agonist
MDI-403 is a highly potent retinoic acid receptor (RAR) agonist, exhibiting an EC50 value of less than 1 μM. It demonstrates significant antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 by dose-dependently inhibiting the expression of viral nucleoprotein (NP) and decreasing the proportion of infected cells, mainly during the virus invasion stage. MDI-403 serves as a valuable tool for research focused on the mechanisms of antiviral activity and potential therapies against SARS-CoV-2. -
α-Glucosidase Inhibitor
DNJ-20 is an α-glucosidase inhibitor with an IC50 of 55.3 μg/mL, demonstrating significant broad-spectrum activity against SARS-CoV-2. It disrupts the endoplasmic reticulum-associated glycoprotein folding process, inhibiting proper processing of viral glycoproteins and consequently blocking viral particle formation and infection. DNJ-20 exhibits IC50 values as low as 1.49 μM against various SARS-CoV-2 variants, as well as HCoV-229E and HCoV-OC43. This inhibitor is suited for pan-coronavirus research applications. -
CYP2C1/CYP2C19 Inhibitor
CYP2C1/CYP2C19-IN-2 is a potent inhibitor of the CYP2C1 and CYP2C19 enzymes. This compound exhibits minimal hepatotoxicity and lacks Ames toxicity, making it a safer choice for research applications. CYP2C1/CYP2C19-IN-2 is particularly useful in studies investigating antiviral mechanisms against Zika virus (ZIKV). -
CYP2C9/CYP2C19 Inhibitor
CYP2C9/CYP2C19-IN-1 is a potent inhibitor of the cytochrome P450 enzymes CYP2C9 and CYP2C19. This compound exhibits key biological activity by effectively modulating drug metabolism pathways without hepatotoxic effects or Ames toxicity. It serves as a valuable tool for research applications, including studies on anti-Zika virus (ZIKV) therapeutics. -
CYP1A1 Inhibitor
CYP1A1-IN-1 is a selective inhibitor of cytochrome P4501A1 (CYP1A1). This compound has demonstrated the ability to reduce bacterial loads of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Acinetobacter baumannii through the enhancement of macrophage phagocytosis. CYP1A1-IN-1 holds potential for advancing research in sepsis associated with multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacterial infections. -
Insect Pheromone
Caprazene is an insect pheromone precursor that plays a critical role in the development of semi-synthetic antibacterial antibiotics. This compound exhibits significant antimycobacterial activity, making it valuable for research on tuberculosis and Mycobacterium avium complex infections. Its ability to be isolated from the acid-treated caprazamycin (CPZ) A-G mixture enhances its utility in studying the mechanisms of bacterial resistance and developing effective therapeutic strategies. -
Gatifloxacin Derivative
3-Desmethyl Gatifloxacin is a derivative of Gatifloxacin that primarily targets bacterial DNA gyrase, inducing DNA cleavage. This compound is particularly useful in the study of gatifloxacin resistance, including in Quinolone-resistant mutants, making it a valuable tool for research on mechanisms of drug resistance in bacterial pathogens. -
Fungal Metabolite
Ophiobolin H is a fungal metabolite derived from Aspergillus ustus, demonstrating potent inhibitory activity against Bacillus subtilis. This compound also induces hyperacusia in day-old chicks at doses up to 375 mg/kg. Its unique biological properties make Ophiobolin H a valuable tool in research focusing on fungal metabolites and their effects on bacterial growth and sensory responses. -
Insect Pheromone
11-Octadecenal is a volatile aldehyde known for its role as an insect pheromone. Primarily associated with attracting male wax moths (Achroia grisella), this compound exhibits significant biological activity in communication and mating behaviors within certain insect species. It serves useful applications in entomological research and the development of synthetic sex pheromones for pest management. -
Antimicrobial Peptide
Cathepsin G(1-5) is an antimicrobial peptide derived from the clostripain-digested cathepsin G mixture. This peptide exhibits significant antimicrobial activity, making it valuable for research on host defense mechanisms and the development of novel therapeutic agents. Cathepsin G(1-5) is utilized in studies exploring its effects on bacterial pathogens and potential applications in infection control. -
DHFR Inhibitor
N-Didesmethyladitoprim is a metabolite of the selective bacterial dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) inhibitor, Aditoprime. This compound effectively inhibits the conversion of dihydrofolic acid to tetrahydrofolic acid, demonstrating an IC50 of 47 nM against E. coli and 520 nM against L. casei DHFR. N-Didesmethyladitoprim exhibits broad-spectrum antibacterial activity and possesses favorable pharmacokinetic properties, making it a valuable tool for research in antimicrobial mechanisms and DHFR inhibition studies. -
DHFR Inhibitor
NSC309401 is a potent inhibitor of dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) from E. coli, exhibiting an IC50 value of 189 nM and a KD of 14.57 nM. This compound is essential for studying folate metabolism and can be utilized in research applications related to antimicrobial drug development and cancer therapeutics. Its specificity for DHFR makes it a valuable tool for elucidating the biochemical pathways influenced by folate synthesis. -
DHFR Inhibitor
DHFR-IN-10 is a potent inhibitor of dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR), exhibiting an IC50 of 4.21 μM against M. tuberculosis DHFR. This compound demonstrates significant antituberculosis efficacy, making it a valuable tool in research focused on combating tuberculosis and studying DHFR-related pathways. Its effectiveness positions DHFR-IN-10 as a potential lead candidate for further development in anti-tubercular drug discovery. -
Herbicide
Bilanafos is an organic phosphine tripeptide antibiotic that exerts its effects by targeting and inhibiting protein synthesis in susceptible microorganisms. This herbicide demonstrates significant antimicrobial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, as well as providing efficacy against various fungal plant pathogens. Bilanafos is utilized in agricultural research for developing effective strategies against microbial plant diseases. -
Endogenous Metabolite
L-Leucyl-L-Leucine methyl ester hydrochloride is a dipeptide derivative that targets endogenous metabolites. It selectively induces apoptosis in lymphocytes with cytotoxic capabilities and can trigger stress in the endolysosomal pathway. This compound is valuable for research applications involving immune response modulation and the study of cellular stress mechanisms. -
Endogenous Metabolite
Betaine, also known as trimethylglycine, is an endogenous metabolite that functions primarily as a methyl donor, facilitating the maintenance of normal DNA methylation patterns. This compound is widely distributed in various food sources, including seafood, spinach, and wheat bran, and is recognized for its role as an osmolyte, helping to regulate cellular water and ion balance. In avian species, betaine enhances resilience to heat stress by preventing dehydration and osmotic inactivation, while also promoting beneficial microbial fermentation activity in the intestines under osmotic challenges. -
Endogenous Metabolite
3-Hydroxybutyric acid sodium is a sodium salt of an endogenous metabolite, primarily involved in energy metabolism and ketogenesis. Elevated levels of 3-Hydroxybutyric acid sodium are associated with type I diabetes and play a role in modulating membrane lipid properties, which can influence cellular functions. This compound is useful for research applications focused on metabolic diseases and the study of energy homeostasis. -
Endogenous Metabolite
Phenylacetylglutamine is an endogenous metabolite derived from the fermentation of amino acids by colonic microbiota. It plays a significant role in metabolic processes and can serve as an important biomarker in gastrointestinal research. This compound is utilized in studies examining microbial gut interactions and their influence on host metabolism. -
Endogenous Metabolite
(R)-3-Hydroxybutanoic acid sodium is an endogenous metabolite primarily acting as a source of energy and metabolic precursor. It is produced from acetoacetic acid through the enzymatic action of 3-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase. This compound plays a vital role in cellular metabolism, serving as a nutritional source and a precursor for the synthesis of various compounds, including vitamins, antibiotics, and pheromones, making it valuable for diverse biochemical research applications. -
Endogenous Metabolite
N-Lactoyl-Phenylalanine is an endogenous metabolite that functions as a signaling molecule, particularly induced through exercise. This compound exhibits biological activities that include the reduction of obesity and the enhancement of glucose tolerance. It offers potential applications in metabolic research and the study of exercise physiology. -
Endogenous Metabolite
Glycerol is an endogenous metabolite that serves as a key component in sample preparation and gel formation for polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). Its ability to stabilize proteins and nucleic acids makes it essential for effective separation and analysis in various biochemical studies. Glycerol is widely utilized in molecular biology and biochemistry laboratories to enhance the resolution and integrity of electrophoretic samples. -
Endogenous Metabolite
Sphingomyelin is an endogenous metabolite and a critical sphingolipid found predominantly in eukaryotic cell membranes, particularly within the myelin sheath enveloping neuronal axons. It is essential for various cellular processes, including the regulation of inflammatory responses and signal transduction pathways. Dysregulation of sphingomyelin metabolism has been implicated in several conditions, including central nervous system diseases and Niemann-Pick disease, making it a significant target for research in neurobiology and metabolic disorders. -
Endogenous Metabolite
Mevalonic acid lithium salt is a critical endogenous metabolite in the mevalonate pathway, vital for cellular growth and proliferation. This compound effectively counteracts the inhibitive effects of Simvastatin on C2C12 cell viability in vitro. Its applications extend to research in myopathy and heart failure, making it a valuable tool for studying related metabolic processes. -
Endogenous Metabolite
5-Hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid is the primary metabolite of serotonin, serving as an important endogenous biomarker. It is utilized in the assessment of neuroendocrine tumors, aiding in both diagnosis and monitoring of these malignancies. This compound plays a significant role in the study of serotonin metabolism and related pathophysiological conditions. -
Endogenous Metabolite
Mono-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP) serves as a significant endogenous metabolite of diethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP). MEHP is known to enhance fatty acid synthesis in hepatocytes through the modulation of gene and protein expression, thereby playing a critical role in the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This compound is valuable for research investigating metabolic disorders, liver function, and the impact of environmental phthalates on health. -
Endogenous Metabolite
Protocatechuic acid is a phenolic compound that acts as an endogenous metabolite. It demonstrates neuroprotective properties, making it valuable for research in neurobiology and the study of neurodegenerative diseases. Additionally, it may play a role in modulating oxidative stress and inflammation, thereby contributing to cellular protection. -
Endogenous Metabolite
Phosphorylethanolamine, an endogenous metabolite, serves as a crucial precursor for phosphatidylcholine and is integral to membrane phospholipid composition. Its presence in various animal tissues and human tumors underscores its role in maintaining membrane integrity, facilitating cell division, and supporting mitochondrial respiratory function. Alterations in phosphorylethanolamine levels have been linked to neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease, as well as influencing insulin signaling in the liver. This compound is valuable for research in cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, and metabolic disease studies. -
Endogenous Metabolite
Indole-3-carboxaldehyde, an endogenous metabolite derived from the oxidative degradation of indole-3-acetic acid, serves as a valuable biochemical tool in research. This compound is utilized to synthesize analogs of the indole phytoalexin cyclobrassinin, contributing to studies on plant defense mechanisms. Additionally, Indole-3-carboxaldehyde has been shown to enhance the epithelial barrier and exhibit anti-inflammatory effects in the intestinal tract, making it relevant for research in gastrointestinal health and inflammation. -
Endogenous Metabolite
D-Fructose-6-phosphate disodium is an endogenous metabolite primarily involved in carbohydrate metabolism. It serves as an important intermediate in both the glycolytic pathway and the pentose phosphate pathway. This compound is useful for investigating the activities of glucosamine-6-phosphate synthase and transaldolase. Additionally, D-Fructose-6-phosphate disodium can be employed in studies related to Lewy body dementia, enhancing understanding of metabolic perturbations in this condition. -
Endogenous Metabolite
Glycoursodeoxycholic acid is an endogenous metabolite and a bile acid-glycine conjugate derived from ursodeoxycholic acid. This acyl glycine plays a significant role in bile acid metabolism and modulation of gut microbiota. Research applications include investigating its potential effects on liver function, metabolic disorders, and gastrointestinal health. -
Endogenous Metabolite
Riboflavin phosphate sodium, also known as flavin mononucleotide (FMN-Na), acts as an endogenous metabolite and is a derivative of riboflavin (vitamin B2), a vital nutrient for animals. This compound plays a significant role in NAD+ recycling and is utilized in research related to progressive keratoconus, corneal ectasia, and irregular astigmatism. Its biological activity makes it a valuable reagent for studies focused on visual health and metabolic processes. -
Endogenous Metabolite
DEHP (Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate) primarily functions as an endogenous metabolite involved in the modulation of cellular processes. It exhibits a broad range of biological activities, including neurotoxic, hepatotoxic, immunotoxic, and reproductive toxic effects in various organisms. DEHP serves as a critical compound for research related to toxicology, environmental exposure studies, and the investigation of endocrine disruption mechanisms. -
Endogenous Metabolite
Lanosterol is an endogenous metabolite that plays a crucial role in cholesterol biosynthesis. It has been shown to induce the ubiquitination and degradation of HMG CoA reductase, a key regulatory enzyme in cholesterol synthesis. Additionally, lanosterol exhibits protective effects by suppressing the aggregation and cytotoxicity of misfolded proteins associated with neurodegenerative diseases. This compound is valuable for research applications focused on cholesterol metabolism and neurodegenerative processes. -
Endogenous Metabolite
DL-Isocitric acid trisodium salt is an endogenous metabolite that serves as an intermediate in the citric acid cycle. It is important for cellular respiration and energy production. This compound can be utilized as a biochemical marker for the analysis of isocitrate composition in fruit products, aiding in nutritional studies and quality assessments. -
Endogenous Metabolite
(R)-3-Hydroxybutanoic acid is an endogenous metabolite primarily formed from acetoacetic acid via the enzymatic action of 3-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase. This compound serves significant biological functions as an energy source and plays a critical role as a precursor for various biosynthetic pathways, including the production of vitamins, antibiotics, and pheromones. Its applications are valuable in metabolic studies and nutritional research. -
Endogenous Metabolite
Indole is a naturally occurring aromatic heterocyclic compound that acts as an endogenous metabolite in various biological systems. It plays a crucial role in bacterial physiology by mediating processes such as spore formation, plasmid stability, drug resistance, biofilm formation, and virulence through intercellular signaling. This compound is essential for research in microbial signaling and pathogenicity, making it valuable for studies in microbiology and infectious disease. -
Endogenous Metabolite
Nervonic acid is a monounsaturated fatty acid recognized for its role as an endogenous metabolite. This compound demonstrates anti-inflammatory activity primarily through the inhibition of NF-κB signaling pathways. Its properties make it a valuable tool for investigating neurodegenerative diseases and related pathologies. -
Endogenous Metabolite
Adrenic Acid (cis-7,10,13,16-Docosatetraenoic acid) is an endogenous polyunsaturated fatty acid predominantly found in the adrenal gland, brain, kidney, and vascular tissues. It plays a crucial role in regulating vascular tone in the arteries of the adrenal cortex. Additionally, Adrenic Acid has been implicated as an inflammation enhancer in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, making it a valuable compound for research in vascular biology and metabolic disorders. -
Endogenous Metabolite
4-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid is an endogenous metabolite derived from polyphenols that exhibits antioxidative properties. This compound plays a significant role in cellular defense mechanisms by inducing the expression of Nrf2, a key regulator of antioxidant response. Its research applications include studying the effects of microbiota on metabolism and exploring therapeutic strategies for oxidative stress-related conditions. -
Endogenous Metabolite
Cinnamic acid is an endogenous metabolite known for its potential in cancer intervention. It exhibits significant cytotoxic effects with IC50 values ranging from 1 to 4.5 mM across various cancer cell lines, including glioblastoma, melanoma, prostate, and lung carcinoma. This compound serves as a valuable research tool for investigating cancer biology and therapeutic strategies. -
Endogenous Metabolite
7-Ketolithocholic acid (3α-Hydroxy-7-oxo-5β-cholanic acid) is an endogenous metabolite and a bile acid known for its capacity to modulate bile acid synthesis. It effectively suppresses the production of endogenous bile acids and inhibits biliary cholesterol secretion. This compound is valuable for research applications related to cholesterol metabolism and bile acid signaling pathways. -
Endogenous Metabolite
Oleamide is an endogenous fatty acid amide that serves as a signaling molecule in the mammalian nervous system. It plays a role in various biological processes, including sleep regulation and inflammatory responses. Oleamide is utilized in research to investigate its effects on neurotransmission and neuroprotection, as well as its potential therapeutic applications in sleep disorders and neuroinflammation. -
Endogenous Metabolite
Isocitric acid is an endogenous metabolite that plays a crucial role in cellular metabolism, particularly within saliva and the cellular cytoplasm. This compound is significant for research into neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease and Lewy Body Dementia, as well as conditions related to anoxia. Its involvement in the tricarboxylic acid cycle makes it a valuable reagent for metabolic studies and related biochemical investigations. -
Endogenous Metabolite
Dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (DGLA) is a 20-carbon ω-6 fatty acid that primarily acts as an endogenous metabolite. It exhibits notable anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative activities, making it relevant for research involving inflammation and cancer biology. DGLA has also been shown to attenuate atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E deficient mouse models, providing a valuable tool for studying cardiovascular diseases and related metabolic disorders. -
Purine Nucleotide Biosynthesis Intermediate
SAICAR is a key intermediate in the de novo purine nucleotide biosynthesis pathway. It selectively activates the pyruvate kinase isoform M2 (PKM2) with an EC50 of 0.3 mM, enhancing the enzymatic activity. This compound is particularly relevant for research into cancer cell metabolism, as it promotes survival under glucose-limited conditions, making it a valuable tool in the investigation of tumor biology and metabolic regulation. -
Endogenous Metabolite
Adenosine 5′-diphosphoribose (ADP ribose) is an endogenous metabolite that plays a critical role in cellular signaling and regulation. It is primarily involved in the cellular response to DNA damage and the modulation of gene expression. ADP ribose serves as a substrate for poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases and is integral to various biological processes, including cell repair and apoptosis. This compound is valuable for research applications related to DNA damage response and chromatin remodeling. -
Bile Pigment
Biliverdin is a tetrapyrrolic pigment primarily involved in heme catabolism, generated through the enzymatic action of heme oxidase. This compound plays a significant role in mediating the protective effects of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in various disease models, including ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) and organ transplantation. Biliverdin possesses notable biological activities, including anti-mutagenic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immunosuppressive properties, making it a valuable tool in research related to oxidative stress and inflammatory responses. -
Endogenous Metabolite
TRIA-662 (1-Methylnicotinamide chloride) is an endogenous metabolite known for its antithrombotic and anti-inflammatory properties. This compound plays a significant role in various biological processes and has potential applications in research related to thrombosis and inflammation. Its ability to modulate these pathways makes it a valuable tool for studying cardiovascular and inflammatory diseases.
