Catalog No.
Product Name
Application
Product Information
Citations
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Endogenous Metabolite
3-Indolepropionic acid is an endogenous metabolite that acts as a potent antioxidant. Its ability to scavenge free radicals suggests potential therapeutic applications in neurodegenerative diseases, particularly Alzheimer's disease. This compound is of interest for research focused on oxidative stress and neuroprotection in cellular models. -
Endogenous Metabolite
Oxaloacetic acid is a key endogenous metabolite that plays a crucial role in the citric acid cycle, gluconeogenesis, the urea cycle, the glyoxylate cycle, and both amino acid and fatty acid synthesis. Its involvement in these metabolic pathways allows for the clearance of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and enhances mitochondrial function. Oxaloacetic acid is valuable in research focused on energy metabolism, oxidative stress, and metabolic disorders. -
Ferroptosis Suppressor
Taurolithocholic acid is a bile acid recognized for its role as a ferroptosis suppressor. It activates the TGR5-PI3K/AKT-SREBP2 signaling pathway, leading to the upregulation of FADS2, which inhibits SFTSV-induced ferroptosis and viral replication, while also modulating pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β. In addition to its antiviral properties, taurolithocholic acid influences hepatocellular transport processes, promoting cholestatic effects. This compound serves as a valuable experimental model for studying hepatocellular cholestasis and provides insight into severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome without exhibiting cytotoxicity at concentrations ≤200 μM. -
Herbicide
Diquat dibromide hydrate is a potent herbicide that primarily acts by generating reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inducing mitochondrial autophagy. By initiating redox cycles, it produces free radicals, particularly superoxide anions, leading to oxidative stress. Its cytotoxic, reproductive, and neurotoxic properties are notable, making it effective for controlling noxious weeds in crops such as cotton and soybean. This compound is a valuable tool for researchers studying herbicide mechanisms and oxidative stress pathways. -
Phenylurea Herbicide
Diuron, a phenylurea herbicide, primarily targets photosynthesis in plants by inhibiting the formation of ATP and NADH. This compound induces the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and upregulates p53 expression in specific cell lines. Diuron exhibits herbicidal activity against a wide range of annual and perennial broadleaf and grass weeds. Additionally, it serves as a relevant agent in breast cancer research and has been implicated in promoting DMBA/BBN-induced bladder cancer studies. -
HO-1 Inhibitor
OB-24 is a selective small-molecule inhibitor of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), demonstrating an IC50 of 1.9 μM for HO-1 with minimal effect on HO-2 (IC50 > 100 μM). This compound exhibits significant anti-tumor and anti-metastatic activities, making it valuable for research applications in various cancer models, including prostate cancer, melanoma, ovarian carcinoma, and lung metastasis. OB-24 may serve as an essential tool for understanding HO-1's role in tumor progression and metastasis. -
Endogenous metabolite
2,2-Dihydroxyacetic acid is an endogenous metabolite and a monohydrate of glyoxylic acid. This compound is involved in the microbial glyoxylate cycle and may enhance levels of reactive oxygen species, promote cell differentiation, and aid in the modification of proteins to produce advanced glycation end products (AGEs). Its physiological significance links it to metabolic disorders, particularly primary hyperoxaluria, making it a valuable reagent for research in metabolic disease pathways. -
HO-1 Inducer
CP-312 is a potent inducer of Heme Oxygenase-1 (HO-1), which plays a critical role in the cellular response to oxidative stress. By enhancing the expression of HMOX1, CP-312 supports the viability of human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs). This compound is primarily utilized in research applications focusing on cardiovascular protection and oxidative stress mitigation in cardiac cells. -
TrxR1 Inhibitor
Aurothioglucose is a potent inhibitor of thioredoxin reductase 1 (TrxR1), exhibiting an IC50 value of 65 nM. This compound effectively inhibits the DNA binding activity of NF-κB in vitro, highlighting its role in modulating key transcriptional pathways. Additionally, Aurothioglucose demonstrates anti-HIV and anti-rheumatic properties, making it a valuable reagent for research in infectious diseases and autoimmune disorders. -
CYP2E1 Inhibitor
CYP2E1-IN-1 is a potent inhibitor of cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) with a Kd of 7.02 μM, an IC50 of 1.64 μM, and a Ki of 0.897 μM. This compound activates the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway and effectively inhibits reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, contributing to the alleviation of pancreatic injury. With significant anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, CYP2E1-IN-1 is suitable for research applications focused on severe acute pancreatitis and other inflammation-related diseases. -
FXR Antagonist
(-)-(E)-Guggulsterone is a natural stereoisomer of Guggulsterone that functions as a Farnesoid X Receptor (FXR) antagonist with an IC50 of 24.06 μM. This compound exhibits significant hypolipidemic effects and demonstrates the ability to suppress dengue virus (DENV) replication by enhancing antiviral interferon responses through the activation of Nrf2 and upregulation of HO-1 expression. Additionally, (-)-(E)-Guggulsterone displays antibacterial properties against various strains, including Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, as well as offering cardiac protective and antioxidant benefits in rat models. -
HO-2 Inhibitor
Heme Oxygenase-2-IN-1 is a selective inhibitor of heme oxygenase-2 (HO-2), demonstrating an IC50 of 0.9 μM for HO-2 and 14.9 μM for HO-1. This compound is valuable in research applications focused on elucidating the role of HO-2 in various biological processes and potential therapeutic interventions. Its specificity for HO-2 makes it a useful tool for studying associated signaling pathways and related diseases. -
Herbicide
Mesotrione is a selective herbicide that functions as a potent competitive and reversible inhibitor of the enzyme 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD). Its primary biological activity involves the disruption of carotenoid biosynthesis, leading to oxidative stress in targeted weed species. Mesotrione exhibits high tolerance in maize due to its rapid metabolism within the crop, making it a valuable tool for controlling broadleaf weeds while minimizing damage to the desirable maize plants in agricultural research and applications. -
Phenolic Compound
Brevifolincarboxylic acid is a phenolic compound that targets α-glucosidase, inhibiting its activity with an IC50 value of 323.46 μM. This compound exhibits an inhibitory effect on the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and possesses antioxidant properties by scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS). Additionally, it enhances glucose uptake in myotubes and demonstrates antitumor activity against lung and gastric cancers. Brevifolincarboxylic acid is valuable for research in diabetes and inflammatory diseases. -
Succinate Dehydrogenase Inhibitor
Diethyl butylmalonate is a competitive inhibitor of succinate dehydrogenase, exhibiting anti-inflammatory properties through the reduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Additionally, it demonstrates neuroprotective effects, making it a valuable tool in studies related to neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease. Furthermore, Diethyl butylmalonate shows toxicity to Tetrahymena pyriformis, with a log(IGC50-1) value of 0.557, underscoring its potential utility in ecological and cellular toxicity research. -
HO-1 Inducer
Cobalt protoporphyrin IX (Co-PPIX) is a specific inducer of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). This compound demonstrates significant antiviral activity against Influenza A virus (IAV) and is widely used in research to investigate the protective roles of HO-1 in various disease models. Co-PPIX serves as a valuable tool for studying the signaling pathways involved in oxidative stress and inflammation. -
PPO Inhibitor
Trifludimoxazin is a protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO) inhibitor with herbicidal properties. By targeting PPO, it leads to the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and subsequent cell membrane damage, resulting in effective weed death. Trifludimoxazin demonstrates significant efficacy in managing both broadleaf and grass weeds, making it a valuable tool in agricultural research and weed control applications. -
Lipoxygenase Inhibitor
Aureusidin is a potent lipoxygenase inhibitor known for its significant antioxidant properties. It exhibits anti-inflammatory effects, making it a valuable compound for research focused on inflammatory pathways and oxidative stress responses. Aureusidin is applicable in studies investigating the modulation of lipoxygenase activity and its implications in various diseases. -
Neuroprotective Agent
Leteprinim potassium (AIT-082) is a purine analog that functions as a neuroprotective agent. This compound enhances cognitive function by promoting the production of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) mRNA in response to spinal cord injuries, and nerve growth factor (NGF) mRNA in the basal forebrain. Additionally, Leteprinim potassium mitigates glutamate-induced toxicity in cultured hippocampal neurons and elevates the mRNA levels of heme oxygenase 1 and 2, contributing to cellular defense against reactive oxygen species. Its applications extend to research on neuroprotection and cognitive enhancement strategies. -
Endogenous Metabolite
Succinyl phosphonate is a selective inhibitor of α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase (KGDHC) and 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (OGDH). It effectively inhibits KGDHC activity in various cell types including muscle, bacterial, brain, and cultured human fibroblasts, demonstrating distinct effects on cell viability influenced by metabolic conditions in cancer cells. Additionally, succinyl phosphonate trisodium salt is known to reduce glutamate-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in glutamate-stimulated hippocampal neurons, making it a valuable tool for studies in metabolic pathways and neurotoxicity. -
Herbicide
Topramezone is a selective inhibitor of 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (4-HPPD), functioning primarily as a herbicide. This compound demonstrates effective post-emergence control of broadleaf and grass weeds in corn crops, making it valuable for agricultural research and herbicide efficacy studies. Its mechanism of action targets specific pathways in the weed species, offering insights into weed resistance management and the development of sustainable agrochemical practices. -
Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitor
Nialamide hydrochloride is a non-selective monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitor. It effectively inhibits MAO, regulating reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and influencing various physiological responses. This compound induces hyperkinesis in animal models, enhances the anticonvulsant effects of Diphenylhydantoin in mice, and increases rectal temperature while augmenting the pressor response to Norepinephrine. Nialamide hydrochloride is valuable in research focused on depression, inflammatory diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, and hypertension. -
Photosensitizer
Benz-AP is a potent photosensitizer that generates singlet oxygen, exhibiting a negative correlation with human carboxylesterase 2 (hCES2) activity. This compound demonstrates enhanced photocytotoxicity in cancer cells, particularly in environments with low hCES2 levels. Upon two-photon excitation (TPE), Benz-AP produces reactive oxygen species (ROS), effectively inducing cell death in cancer cells and tumor spheroids, making it a valuable tool for cancer research applications. -
α-Glucosidase Inhibitor
Guavinoside B is an orally active α-glucosidase inhibitor, exhibiting an IC50 of 0.21 mM. It demonstrates significant biological activity by upregulating the expressions of Nrf2, GCLC, and NQO1 while downregulating p-JNK expression and reducing intracellular reactive oxygen species levels. Guavinoside B effectively decreases serum TNF-α levels associated with Acetaminophen, alleviating hepatocellular infiltration and necrosis, and improving liver-related biochemical parameters. This compound is relevant for research in diabetes and Acetaminophen-induced liver injury. -
IDO Inhibitor
Pronqodine A is an inhibitor of Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase (IDO) with an IC50 of 131.5 nM. It effectively reduces bradykinin-induced release of PGE2, 6-keto-prostaglandin F1α, and PGD2, while simultaneously inducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in human synovial sarcoma SW982 cells. Additionally, Pronqodine A serves as a substrate for human quinone reductase NQO1, making it a valuable tool for research into inflammation and related biological processes. -
hMAO-B Inhibitor
CHBO4 is a potent, reversible, competitive inhibitor of human monoamine oxidase B (hMAO-B), with an IC50 value of 0.031 μM and a Ki value of 0.010 ± 0.005 μM. This compound demonstrates the ability to reduce cell damage by scavenging intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). CHBO4 is suitable for research applications focused on Parkinson's disease (PD) and related neurodegenerative conditions. -
Antioxidant
1,2-Diacetoxy-4,7,8-trihydroxy-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)dibenzofuran is an antioxidant compound derived from the edible mushroom Sarcodon leucopus. It exhibits significant free radical scavenging activity, demonstrated by an IC50 of 28 μM in the DPPH assay. Additionally, it effectively inhibits malondialdehyde (MDA) formation with an IC50 of 71 μM and α-glucosidase activity with an IC50 of 6.22 μM, making it a valuable reagent for studies in antioxidant research and metabolic disorders. -
MAO-B Inhibitor
MAO-B-IN-7 is a selective inhibitor of monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE), demonstrating IC50 values of 41 nM for human AChE, 87 nM for electric eel AChE, and 0.3 μM for MAO-B. This compound is notable for its ability to penetrate the blood-brain barrier, making it suitable for central nervous system research. MAO-B-IN-7 has been shown to mitigate oxidative stress and neuroinflammation, supporting its potential applications in neurodegenerative disease studies. -
Enantiomer
(3S,4R)-ME-344 is a selective inhibitor of mitochondrial heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) that functions by binding to and modifying the structure of HO-1. This enantiomer promotes the translocation of HO-1 from the rough endoplasmic reticulum to the mitochondria specifically in drug-sensitive cell lines such as H460 and SHP-77. By decreasing mitochondrial ATP production and inducing reactive oxygen species (ROS), it disrupts redox homeostasis and mitochondrial function. With its notable antitumor activity, (3S,4R)-ME-344 is a valuable compound for research in cancer, including studies focused on breast cancer. -
MAO-B Inhibitor
MAO-B-IN-54 is a selective, reversible, and competitive inhibitor of monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B), exhibiting a human IC50 of 0.052 μM and a Ki of 0.028 μM. This compound demonstrates minimal activity against MAO-A and effectively binds to both the entrance and substrate cavity of MAO-B, establishing hydrophobic and hydrogen bonding interactions. MAO-B-IN-54 has been shown to inhibit amyloid-beta (Aβ) aggregation and reduce reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, making it a valuable tool for research into Alzheimer's disease mechanisms. -
Herbicide
Bifenox is a nitrophenyl ether herbicide that primarily targets and disrupts cellular membranes while inhibiting photosynthesis and protoporphyrinogen oxidase activity. This compound is known to significantly increase reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in the microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Its biological activity makes Bifenox a valuable reagent for research in plant physiology and herbicide mechanisms. -
MAO-B Inhibitor
Sembragiline is a potent and selective reversible inhibitor of monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B). By inhibiting MAO-B activity, Sembragiline decreases the metabolism of dopamine and other amine neurotransmitters, potentially increasing their levels within the brain. This inhibition also reduces the formation of toxic reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are implicated in the pathology of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Sembragiline demonstrates favorable oral bioavailability and effective permeability across the blood-brain barrier, making it a valuable tool for research on AD, particularly in patients exhibiting elevated MAO-B activity. -
FKBP51-Hsp90 Interaction Inhibitor
FKBP51-Hsp90-IN-1 is a selective inhibitor targeting the FKBP51-Hsp90 protein-protein interaction, exhibiting an IC50 value of 0.1 μM against FKBP51. This compound is valuable for research into stress-related diseases, Alzheimer's disease, and various metabolic disorders, owing to its ability to modulate protein interactions critical for cellular stress responses and stability. Its specificity makes it a potent tool for elucidating the role of FKBP51 in disease mechanisms. -
HSP90 Inhibitor
HSP90-IN-20 is a potent inhibitor of Heat Shock Protein 90 (HSP90) with an IC50 of ≤10 μM. This compound plays a significant role in cancer research by impeding the function of HSP90, which is critical for the stability and activity of several oncogenic proteins. HSP90-IN-20 can be utilized to investigate the therapeutic potential of HSP90 inhibition in various cancer models. -
Hsp70-targeting Peptide
A17 peptide is an Hsp70-targeting peptide that binds to the ATP-binding domains of Hsp70, specifically inhibiting its chaperone activity. This inhibition enhances the sensitivity of cancer cells to apoptosis induced by chemotherapeutic agents, including Cisplatin. A17 peptide is valuable in anticancer chemotherapy research, particularly in studies related to multiple myeloma and other malignancies. -
HSP70/DnaK Substrate Peptide
HSP70/DnaK substrate peptide is a specific peptide recognized and bound by the HSP70/DnaK molecular chaperone. This substrate peptide is essential for probing the functional mechanisms of HSP70/DnaK, facilitating the investigation of its role in protein folding, stabilization, and stress response pathways. It serves as a valuable tool for research applications focused on understanding molecular chaperone activity and cellular proteostasis. -
HSP90 Inhibitor
Hsp90-IN-17 is a selective inhibitor of Heat Shock Protein 90 (HSP90) that interferes with its chaperone activity. This compound demonstrates significant potential in addressing various proliferative conditions, including cancer and neurodegenerative disorders. Hsp90-IN-17 serves as a valuable tool for research focused on the molecular mechanisms of HSP90 and its role in disease progression and treatment responses. -
HSP90 Inhibitor
Aminohexylgeldanamycin hydrochloride is a potent inhibitor of Heat Shock Protein 90 (HSP90). This Geldanamycin derivative demonstrates significant antiangiogenic and antitumor activities, making it valuable for cancer research. Its ability to modulate HSP90 function provides insights into the molecular mechanisms of tumorigenesis and offers potential therapeutic applications in oncology. -
SIRT2/Hsp70 Inhibitor
YM-08 is a selective inhibitor of SIRT2 and Hsp70, exhibiting an IC50 of 19.9 μM for SIRT2. This compound effectively penetrates the blood-brain barrier, making it a valuable tool for studying neurodegenerative diseases and cellular stress responses. Its dual inhibitory activity allows for investigation into SIRT2 and Hsp70's roles in various biological processes and potential therapeutic applications. -
HSP70 Inhibitor
DMT003096 is a selective inhibitor of HSP70, a heat shock protein that plays a critical role in cellular stress responses. Its upregulation has been associated with various cancers, including breast, lung, colon, and cervical cancer. This compound is valuable for research applications targeting cancer therapies and investigating the role of HSP70 in tumor progression and survival mechanisms. -
Hsp90 Inhibitor
Hsp90-IN-40 is a specific inhibitor targeting the C-terminal domain of heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90). It demonstrates significant antiproliferative activity against breast cancer cell lines SKBr3 and MCF-7, with IC50 values of 2.57 µM and 2.43 µM, respectively. By disrupting the function of Hsp90, Hsp90-IN-40 promotes the degradation of Hsp90-dependent proteins, thereby inhibiting cancer cell growth. This compound is valuable for research applications focusing on breast cancer therapeutics and mechanisms of Hsp90 inhibition. -
HSP90 Inhibitor
STA-1474 is a potent and selective inhibitor of Heat Shock Protein 90 (HSP90), primarily functioning by disrupting its chaperone activities, which are crucial for the stability and function of numerous oncogenic proteins. This compound induces apoptosis in tumor cells and exhibits significant antitumor efficacy in spontaneous canine cancer models, such as osteosarcoma and thyroid carcinoma. STA-1474 is valuable for research on solid tumors, including osteosarcoma and breast cancer, and offers insights into the role of HSP90 in cancer biology. -
Hsp90 Inhibitor
Hsp90-IN-15 is a potent Hsp90 inhibitor that exhibits significant anticancer activity. This compound promotes apoptosis in cancer cells and effectively induces cell cycle arrest at the S phase. Hsp90-IN-15 also reduces the expression levels of Hsp90 in HeLa cells, making it a valuable tool for research into cancer therapies targeting the Hsp90 chaperone pathway. -
HSP90 Inhibitor
Hsp90-IN-38 is a potent inhibitor of heat shock protein 90 (HSP90), displaying a strong binding affinity with a dissociation constant (Kd) of 87 nM. This compound effectively inhibits HSP90 ATPase activity, with an IC50 of 0.13 μM. Biological activity has been demonstrated in various cancer cell lines, including HCT116, MCF-7, SKBr3, K562, and A549, with reported IC50 values of 0.187, 0.072, 0.105, 0.403, and 0.31 μM, respectively. Hsp90-IN-38 serves as a valuable tool for research into cancer biology and HSP90-related pathways. -
Hsp90 Inhibitor
PU-20F is a potent Hsp90 inhibitor characterized by an EC50 value of 6.8 μM. This compound competes with Geldanamycin for binding to Hsp90, effectively regulating the activity of this crucial molecular chaperone. PU-20F promotes the degradation of the oncogenic Her2 tyrosine kinase and has demonstrated the ability to inhibit the proliferation of breast cancer cells. It serves as a valuable tool for research focused on breast cancer biology and therapeutic strategies. -
Hsp90β Inhibitor
KUNB106 is a selective inhibitor of Hsp90β, demonstrating binding affinities (KDs) of 91 nM for Hsp90β and 38 μM for Hsp90α. This compound exhibits notable antiproliferative activity against various cancer cell lines, including MDA-MB-231, A549, and SKOV-3, making it a valuable tool for studying triple negative breast cancer. KUNB106's selective inhibition of Hsp90β highlights its potential in oncology research focused on targeted therapies. -
Hsp90 Inhibitor
PU3 is an Hsp90 inhibitor that targets the conserved ATP/ADP pocket of the Hsp90 protein, competing effectively with geldanamycin and other compounds. This reagent has been shown to induce the degradation of key oncogenic proteins like Her2, subsequently inhibiting breast cancer cell proliferation through mechanisms such as retinoblastoma protein hypophosphorylation, G1 phase cell cycle arrest, and differentiation. PU3 presents a promising avenue for cancer research, particularly in the context of targeted cancer therapies. -
HSP70/SIRT2 Inhibitor
HSP70/SIRT2-IN-2 is a dual inhibitor targeting SIRT2 and HSP70, demonstrating an IC50 of 45.1±5.0 μM for SIRT2. This compound exhibits significant antitumor activity, making it a valuable tool for cancer research. Its ability to simultaneously inhibit these two proteins positions HSP70/SIRT2-IN-2 as a useful candidate for studies focused on tumor progression and potential therapeutic strategies. -
HSP Inhibitor
BMS-358233 is a small molecule inhibitor targeting heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90). By competing with geldanamycin, BMS-358233 induces the degradation of various proteins, including HER2, leading to the inhibition of breast cancer cell growth. This compound causes hypophosphorylation of the retinoblastoma protein, resulting in G1 phase cell cycle arrest and differentiation. BMS-358233 represents a novel class of synthetic Hsp90 inhibitors, offering potential therapeutic strategies for treating various cancers. -
Hsp90 Inhibitor
Flavokawain 1i is a potent Hsp90 inhibitor, targeting the heat shock protein 90, which plays a critical role in protein folding and stability. This compound demonstrates significant anti-cell proliferation activity, making it a valuable tool in cancer research. Its ability to disrupt Hsp90 function can provide insights into cancer cell growth mechanisms and therapeutic strategies.
