Catalog No.
Product Name
Application
Product Information
Citations
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PDE Inhibitor
Theophylline, a potent phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitor, primarily targets PDE3, leading to relaxation of airway smooth muscle and enhanced bronchodilation. This compound also functions as an adenosine receptor antagonist and exhibits anti-inflammatory properties by elevating IL-10 levels and inhibiting NF-κB translocation into the nucleus. Additionally, Theophylline has been shown to induce apoptosis in certain cell types. Its applications are particularly relevant in the research of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). -
Topoisomerase IV Inhibitor
Ciprofloxacin is a potent topoisomerase IV inhibitor that demonstrates significant antibacterial activity as a fluoroquinolone antibiotic. It induces both mitochondrial and nuclear DNA damage, leading to mitochondrial dysfunction and increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Ciprofloxacin exhibits anti-proliferative properties and triggers apoptotic pathways, making it a valuable tool for research applications focused on bacterial infections, oxidative stress, and cancer biology. -
Phospholipase C Inhibitor, Angiogenesis Modulator
Neomycin sulfate is a phospholipase C inhibitor that modulates angiogenesis through its influence on calcium signaling pathways. This aminoglycoside antibiotic disrupts bacterial protein synthesis by binding irreversibly to the 30S ribosomal subunit. In addition to its antibacterial properties, neomycin sulfate effectively inhibits angiogenin-mediated nuclear translocation, cell proliferation, and angiogenesis. It also disrupts inositol trisphosphate (IP3)-mediated calcium release and electrical excitation-evoked calcium transients in skeletal muscle. Neomycin sulfate is utilized in cancer research and studies related to calcium signaling and angiogenesis. -
PPAR Activator
Bilobetin acts as a PPARα activator, enhancing lipid metabolism and insulin sensitivity. It effectively reduces blood lipid levels by promoting hepatic lipid uptake and oxidation, while decreasing triglyceride secretion and accumulation in tissues. Additionally, Bilobetin stimulates the phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of PPARα, resulting in increased cAMP levels and PKA activity. This compound is significant for research in metabolic disorders, particularly those related to insulin resistance and lipid regulation. -
Glycosaminoglycan
Hyaluronic acid sodium, also known as sodium hyaluronate, is a glycosaminoglycan that plays a crucial role in the extracellular matrix (ECM). This biopolymer is involved in key biological activities such as cell proliferation, tissue remodeling, and angiogenesis, particularly in the context of digestive cancers. Hyaluronic acid sodium is implicated in tumor cell growth and migration, and it activates the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. This reagent can also be utilized in research related to joint diseases, wound healing, and as a drug delivery system to enhance the efficacy of therapeutics in cancer research. -
TIGIT/PVR Blocker
Liothyronine is an active form of thyroid hormone that primarily targets thyroid hormone receptors TRα and TRβ. It exhibits binding affinities of 2.33 nM and 2.29 nM for human TRα and TRβ, respectively. In addition, Liothyronine binds to PVR and effectively inhibits the interaction between TIGIT and PVR. This compound is useful in research applications related to thyroid hormone signaling and immune modulation studies. -
mtTrxR2 Probe
Mito-TRFS is an innovative off-on probe designed to selectively image mitochondrial thioredoxin reductase (TrxR2) in live cells. This reagent allows for the assessment of the redox status within mitochondria, facilitating the study of oxidative stress and mitochondrial function. Mito-TRFS is particularly valuable in research focusing on cellular responses to stress and the roles of TrxR2 in various disease models. -
Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitor
Methazolamide is an orally active inhibitor of carbonic anhydrase, demonstrating a Ki of 14 nM for human carbonic anhydrase II. This compound effectively reduces intraocular pressure and exhibits neuroprotective properties, including the ability to inhibit neuronal apoptosis. Methazolamide is applicable in research concerning ophthalmic diseases, such as glaucoma, and cerebrovascular conditions, including subarachnoid hemorrhage. -
COX2 Inhibitor
Iminostilbene is a well-characterized inhibitor of COX2 (Cyclooxygenase-2) with additional activity against PKM2 (Pyruvate Kinase M2). This compound effectively reduces the expression of COX2 and iNOS, as well as the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and MCP-1 in macrophages. Its ability to mitigate macrophage-mediated inflammatory responses makes iminostilbene a valuable reagent for investigating mechanisms of inflammation regulation, cardiovascular disease, including myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury, and immune-related disorders. -
Endogenous Metabolite
Taurochenodeoxycholic acid is an endogenous metabolite primarily involved in bile acid metabolism. It exhibits significant biological activities, including the induction of apoptosis and anti-inflammatory effects, alongside immune regulatory properties. This compound serves as a valuable tool in research applications related to metabolic disorders, inflammation, and immune response studies. -
HO-1 Inducer
Co(III) protoporphyrin IX chloride is a known inducer of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). This compound exhibits anti-inflammatory and antibacterial activities, making it valuable in the study of various pathological conditions. It is particularly useful in research involving ischemia-reperfusion injury models, providing insights into potential therapeutic strategies. -
HSP90 Inhibitor
Kongensin A is a covalent inhibitor of the heat shock protein 90 (HSP90), isolated from the plant Croton kongensis. This natural product effectively inhibits RIP3-dependent necroptosis while also inducing apoptosis. Kongensin A demonstrates significant potential in research applications focused on necroptosis and inflammation, making it a valuable tool for investigating cellular death pathways and therapeutic strategies. -
AhR Activator
Aminoflavone is an activator of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) with significant anti-tumor properties. It modulates the expression of ITGA6/SOX2 through the AhR-miR-125b-2-3p axis, effectively targeting breast cancer stem cells. This compound promotes the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and elevates oxidative DNA damage, as indicated by increased levels of 8-oxodG and DNA-protein cross-links. Additionally, Aminoflavone induces S-phase cell cycle arrest, activates caspase pathways, and triggers apoptosis, while inhibiting HIF-1α expression independent of the AhR pathway. It serves as a valuable reagent for research into breast cancer mechanisms and therapies. -
Endogenous Metabolite
N-Acetyl-L-tryptophan is an antagonist of the neurokinin-1 receptor (NK-1R), effectively disrupting the binding of substance P, which leads to neuroprotective outcomes. This compound is known to improve cognitive function and motor skills while also acting as an inhibitor of cytochrome c, exhibiting antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties through the regulation of IL-1β expression and caspase-1 activation. N-Acetyl-L-tryptophan is valuable for research investigating neurodegenerative and inflammatory conditions. -
Nampt Inhibitor
OT-82 is a selective, orally active inhibitor of Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate (NAMPT). It exhibits potent cytotoxicity specifically towards hematopoietic cells and induces cell death in a NAD+ dependent manner. Due to these properties, OT-82 shows potential as an innovative antineoplastic agent for investigating hematological malignancies. -
Cathepsin B Inhibitor
(Rac)-Z-FA-FMK is a potent inhibitor of cathepsin B, exhibiting a Ki value of 1.5 μM. This compound also inhibits multiple caspases, specifically caspases 2, 3, 6, 7, and 9, with IC50 values ranging from 6.147 to 110.7 μM. Additionally, (Rac)-Z-FA-FMK demonstrates antiviral activity by inhibiting the main protease involved in SARS-CoV-2 replication with an IC50 of 11.39 μM. It further attenuates the increase in IL-1β levels induced by LPS and represses NF-κB transactivation in macrophages, making it useful for research in inflammation and viral pathogenesis. -
Hsp90 Inhibitor
GUT-70 is a tricyclic coumarin that functions as a potent Hsp90 inhibitor. It activates caspases 2, 3, 8, and 9, leading to apoptosis in leukemic cells. Additionally, GUT-70 effectively inhibits HIV-1 replication in chronically infected cells by targeting the NF-κB signaling pathway. This compound is suitable for research applications involving leukemia, mantle cell lymphoma (MCL), and HIV-1 infection studies. -
Apoptosis/Ferroptosis Inducer
Ironomycin is an apoptosis and ferroptosis inducer that targets critical pathways in cancer biology. This compound demonstrates selective inhibitory effects against mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) cells by inducing cell cycle arrest and promoting apoptosis and ferroptosis. Ironomycin causes double-strand DNA breaks and activates the unfolded protein response (UPR), particularly through the IRE1α signaling pathway. The combination of Ironomycin with Ibrutinib yields a synergistic effect, making it a valuable reagent for studying MCL and exploring therapeutic strategies in cancer research. -
PFKFB4 Inhibitor
PFKFB4-IN-1 is a selective ATP-competitive inhibitor of PFKFB4, demonstrating an IC50 of 4.50 μM and over 12-fold selectivity against PFKFB1/4 and PFKFB3/4. This compound effectively reduces intracellular PFKFB4 protein levels and exhibits significant anti-cancer activities, including the inhibition of cell proliferation, induction of apoptosis, and suppression of cell migration. PFKFB4-IN-1 has shown efficacy in vivo, effectively inhibiting tumor growth in the MDA-MB-231 xenograft mouse model, making it a valuable tool for research in breast, lung, and liver cancer. -
Anti-cancer Agent
ME-344 is an isoflavone that functions as an anti-cancer agent, primarily by inhibiting tubulin polymerization and increasing mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. This compound effectively induces apoptosis through the activation of caspase-3 and inhibits heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), affecting its mitochondrial translocation. ME-344 exhibits synergistic effects with Vinblastine in leukemia cells and displays significant anti-tumor activity against leukemia and lung tumors. It is a valuable reagent for research on lung cancer, acute myeloid leukemia, and HER2-negative breast cancer. -
PCSK9 Inhibitor
Inclisiran is a double-stranded small interfering RNA (siRNA) that specifically targets and inhibits the transcription of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9). By reducing PCSK9 levels, Inclisiran effectively modulates lipid metabolism and demonstrates anti-inflammatory properties, including the inhibition of pyroptosis and a decrease in NLRP3, cleaved caspase-1, IL-1β, and IL-18. This reagent is valuable for research applications focused on hyperlipidemia and cardiovascular diseases (CVD), as it supports studies aimed at understanding lipid regulation and atherosclerosis. -
Anti-inflammatory Agent
Delmitide (RDP58) is an orally active d-isomer decapeptide that functions as a potent anti-inflammatory agent. It effectively inhibits the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IFN-γ, and interleukin (IL)-12, while also up-regulating heme oxygenase 1 activity. Delmitide is valuable for research applications focused on ulcerative colitis and other inflammatory conditions. -
PDE Inhibitor
Theophylline sodium acetate functions as a potent phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitor, specifically targeting PDE3 to promote the relaxation of airway smooth muscle. It also acts as an adenosine receptor antagonist and histone deacetylase (HDAC) activator, contributing to its anti-inflammatory properties by elevating IL-10 levels and inhibiting NF-κB translocation to the nucleus. Additionally, Theophylline sodium acetate is known to induce apoptosis, making it a valuable reagent for research on asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). -
PDE4 Inhibitor
PDE4-IN-10 is a selective phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) inhibitor, exhibiting an IC50 of 7.01 μM for the PDE4B isoform. This compound demonstrates significant biological activity by inhibiting TNF-α production and exhibits microsomal stability, making it suitable for various in vitro applications. PDE4-IN-10 is a valuable tool for research aimed at understanding inflammatory processes and developing therapeutic strategies for related diseases. -
Endogenous Metabolite
Phosphocreatine disodium is an endogenous metabolite primarily recognized for its involvement in energy metabolism within vertebrate skeletal muscles. This compound enhances antioxidant activity and activates the TAK1 pathway, offering cardioprotective effects. Additionally, it normalizes mitochondrial function and mitigates oxidative stress through the Akt-mediated Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway, while also providing renal protection by suppressing apoptosis and reactive oxygen species generation via the ERK-mediated Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. Phosphocreatine disodium is valuable for research investigating cellular energy dynamics and oxidative stress responses. -
Endogenous Metabolite
Creatine monohydrate, an endogenous metabolite, primarily functions as a critical regulator of cellular energy homeostasis. Its key biological activity includes the enhancement of ATP synthesis, which is essential for energy production in muscle and brain tissues. This compound is widely utilized in research related to energy metabolism, neuroprotection, and athletic performance enhancement. -
HSP90 Inhibitor
SST0116CL1 free base is a potent inhibitor of the heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) with an IC50 of 0.21 μM. It selectively binds to the ATP binding pocket of HSP90, disrupting its chaperone activity and leading to the degradation of client proteins such as EGFR, CDK4, and AKT. SST0116CL1 free base has demonstrated significant antiproliferative effects, including the degradation of Her2 in BT-474 cells (IC50: 0.2 μM), and is applicable in the study of leukemia, gastric cancer, and ovarian carcinoma. -
Endogenous Metabolite
Phosphocreatine dipotassium is an endogenous metabolite that serves as a critical energy reservoir in vertebrate skeletal muscles. It enhances antioxidant activity and activates the TAK1 pathway, providing cardioprotective effects. Furthermore, phosphocreatine normalizes mitochondrial function and mitigates oxidative stress via the Akt-mediated Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. It also offers renal protection by suppressing apoptosis and reactive oxygen species generation through the ERK-mediated Nrf2/HO-1 pathway, making it a valuable reagent for studies in cellular metabolism and oxidative stress. -
HSP90 Inhibitor
SST0116CL1 is a potent HSP90 inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.21 μM. This compound binds to the ATP binding pocket of HSP90, disrupting its chaperone function and promoting the degradation of client proteins such as EGFR, CDK4, and AKT. SST0116CL1 demonstrates antiproliferative activity and is effective in reducing Her2 levels in BT-474 cells (IC50: 0.2 μM). It is suitable for research applications involving leukemia, gastric carcinoma, and ovarian carcinoma. -
PKM2/PDK1 Inhibitor
PKM2/PDK1-IN-1 is a dual inhibitor targeting pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) and pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1 (PDK1). It demonstrates significant biological activity by inhibiting the proliferation of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells and inducing apoptosis. This compound promotes intercellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and modulates apoptotic proteins, engaging both mitochondrial and death receptor pathways in cancer cell death. Its unique mechanism makes it a valuable tool for research in cancer biology and therapeutic development. -
HSP90 Inhibitor
DDO-6600 is a covalent inhibitor of Hsp90, targeting its interaction with the co-chaperone protein Cdc37. This mechanism leads to the degradation of client kinases, including AKT, CDK4, and c-Raf, and exhibits potent inhibitory activity against various cancer cell lines. Notably, DDO-6600 reduces migration and invasion of HCT-116 cells while inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. In vivo studies demonstrate its significant efficacy in inhibiting tumor growth in the HCT-116 xenograft model, making it a valuable tool for research in colorectal cancer. -
HSP90 Inhibitor
HVH-2930 is a potent inhibitor of heat shock protein 90 (HSP90), demonstrated to significantly impair the viability of BT474 and JIMT-1 breast cancer cell lines, with IC50 values of 6.86 μM and 4.42 μM, respectively. This compound mediates its effects by downregulating critical HSP90 client proteins, including HER2, p-HER2, AKT, p-AKT, cyclin D1, and survivin. In preclinical studies, HVH-2930 has shown notable antitumor efficacy in mouse models and possesses favorable pharmacokinetic properties in vivo, positioning it as a valuable tool for cancer research focused on HSP90 inhibition. -
Endogenous Metabolite
Creosol (2-Methoxy-4-methylphenol) is an endogenous metabolite that serves as a significant chemical intermediate and a potential biofuel derived from lignocellulosic biomass. Its ability to penetrate the blood-brain barrier enhances its relevance in neurobiological research and metabolic studies. Creosol may be utilized in exploring biochemical pathways and developing greener energy alternatives, making it a valuable tool for scientific investigations in these areas. -
HSP90AB1/EEF1A1 Inhibitor
Gamendazole is a selective inhibitor targeting HSP90AB1 (HSP90BETA) and EEF1A1 (eEF1A). It effectively binds to the C-terminal nucleotide binding pocket of HSP90, leading to the downregulation of key clients such as AKT1 and ERBB2 while stabilizing the HSP90 heterocomplex. Additionally, Gamendazole specifically inhibits the actin bundling activity of EEF1A1 without affecting its ribosomal functions, making it a valuable tool for studying protein interactions and mechanisms. Furthermore, Gamendazole exhibits antispermatogenic properties, suggesting potential applications in developing reversible non-hormonal male contraceptives. -
Endogenous Metabolite
Phosphocreatine disodium hydrate is an endogenous metabolite primarily involved in energy metabolism within vertebrate skeletal muscles. This compound enhances antioxidant activity and activates the TAK1 pathway, contributing to cardiac protection. Additionally, it normalizes mitochondrial function and mitigates oxidative stress through the Akt-mediated Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. Phosphocreatine disodium hydrate also exhibits renal protective effects by suppressing apoptosis and reactive oxygen species generation via the ERK-mediated Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. -
PPAR δ/γ Agonist
ZLY06 is a dual agonist of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR) δ and γ, exhibiting EC50 values of 341 nM and 237 nM, respectively. This compound promotes hepatic lipid accumulation through the inhibition of AKT1 phosphorylation, leading to the upregulation of CD36. Furthermore, ZLY06 enhances glucose and lipid metabolism while preventing weight gain, and mitigates fatty liver by facilitating β-oxidation of fatty acids and suppressing hepatic lipogenesis. It is valuable for research in metabolic disorders and fatty liver disease. -
RXRa Antagonist
K-8012 is a potent RXRa antagonist, with an IC50 of approximately 9.2 μM for inhibiting 9-cis-retinoic acid-induced Gal4-RXRa-LBD trans-activation. This compound demonstrates enhanced anticancer activity compared to sulindac in an RXRa-dependent manner. K-8012 effectively inhibits the tRXRa-mediated PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, promoting apoptosis and suppressing AKT activation by disrupting the interaction between tRXRa and p85α. These properties make K-8012 valuable for research in cancer biology and signaling pathways. -
Antiinflammatory Agent
Ethyl linoleate, an unsaturated fatty acid derivative, acts as an anti-inflammatory agent by inhibiting the Akt/GSK3β/β-catenin signaling pathway and blocking NF-κB activation. Additionally, it induces heme oxygenase-1 and inhibits tyrosinase, contributing to its whitening and anti-inflammatory properties. Ethyl linoleate promotes absorption of compounds and has notable implications for atherosclerosis research. Its applications extend to the study of various inflammatory diseases and cosmetic formulations. -
Angiotensin Receptor Inhibitor
YS-49 monohydrate is a selective angiotensin receptor inhibitor, primarily targeting the angiotensin II pathway. This compound effectively reduces angiotensin II-stimulated proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells by inducing heme oxygenase-1, offering potential therapeutic insights for cardiovascular research. Additionally, as an isoquinoline alkaloid, YS-49 demonstrates significant positive inotropic effects through the activation of cardiac β-adrenoceptors, making it a valuable reagent for studies involving cardiac function and vascular biology. -
hMAO-A Inhibitor
Osthenol is a reversible and selective competitive inhibitor of human monoamine oxidase A (hMAO-A), with an IC50 of 0.74 μM and a Ki of 0.26 μM. This compound exhibits both antifungal and antibacterial properties, while also modulating the oxidative deamination of monoamine neurotransmitters. Additionally, Osthenol has been shown to inhibit the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, leading to apoptosis in colon cancer cells, G1 phase cell cycle arrest, and reduced cell proliferation. Its applications are significant in the study of neurological disorders and cancer, particularly in targeting MAO-A for depression and investigating mechanisms in colon cancer. -
Endogenous Metabolite
D-Allose is an endogenous metabolite that exhibits significant antitumor activity against various cancer cell types. It functions by scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitigating oxidative stress damage. Furthermore, D-Allose demonstrates anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects through the inhibition of the TLR4/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Additionally, it possesses antihypertensive, cryoprotective, and anti-osteoporotic activities, making it a valuable candidate for diverse research applications in cancer, inflammation, and metabolic disorders. -
Stable Isotope
Iminostilbene-d10 is a deuterated derivative of Iminostilbene, functioning as a stable isotope that aids in biological tracking and analytical studies. This compound serves as a precursor for carbamazepine and acts as an orally active inhibitor of pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2). Iminostilbene-d10 is instrumental in research exploring inflammation regulation, cardiovascular diseases, and immune-related disorders, as it modulates cytokine release and mitigates macrophage-mediated inflammatory responses. Its unique properties make it a valuable tool for studying myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury and related pathways. -
PDE Inhibitor
Theophylline L-lysine is a soluble derivative of Theophylline that primarily acts as a phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitor. It effectively inhibits PDE3 activity, which leads to relaxation of airway smooth muscle and exhibits anti-inflammatory properties through the enhancement of IL-10 levels and the inhibition of NF-κB nuclear translocation. Additionally, Theophylline L-lysine induces apoptosis, making it a valuable compound for research applications in asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). -
PDE4 PROTAC Degrader
PROTAC PDE4 degrader-1 is a selective and orally active degrader targeting phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4). It exhibits a DC50 of 41.98 μM and effectively inhibits the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α and IL-6. This compound demonstrates significant potential in alleviating pulmonary inflammation in LPS-induced acute lung injury models, making it a valuable tool for studying inflammatory diseases and therapeutic interventions. -
PDE4 Inhibitor
AN-2898 is a selective phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.027 μM, demonstrating significant potency over other phosphodiesterase enzymes, including PDE1A, PDE2A, and PDE3A. It effectively inhibits PDE4 subtypes such as PDE4B1, PDE4A1A, and PDE4D2. AN-2898 significantly reduces the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines including TNF-α, IL-2, IFN-γ, IL-5, and IL-10, making it a valuable reagent for research applications in mild to moderate atopic dermatitis and psoriasis. -
PDE4 Inhibitor
LY2775240 is a potent and selective phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) inhibitor, demonstrating significant inhibitory activity against PDE4A, PDE4B, and PDE4D with IC₅₀ values of 0.09 nM and 0.14 nM for the latter two, as well as an IC₅₀ of 2.4 nM for PDE4C. This compound effectively reduces TNFα production during immune activation, making it valuable for studies investigating inflammatory conditions. LY2775240 is particularly relevant for research focused on psoriasis, as evidenced by its efficacy in lowering TNFα levels in rodent and cynomolgus monkey models. -
PPARγ Activator
12-Nitrolinoleate is a potent peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) activator derived from linoleic acid through nitration. It effectively induces PPARγ-dependent gene expression in MCF-7 cells, demonstrating an EC50 of 0.045 μM. Additionally, 12-Nitrolinoleate exhibits anti-inflammatory properties by inhibiting NF-κB transcription in RAW 264.7 cells, along with reducing levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6, TNF-α, and CCL2 in response to LPS stimulation. This compound is valuable for research applications focused on metabolic regulation and inflammation. -
PDE4 Inhibitor
ASP9831 is an orally active phosphodiesterase type 4 (PDE4) inhibitor. It effectively inhibits lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) production, demonstrating notable anti-inflammatory properties. This compound is valuable for research applications centered on fatty liver disease and related inflammatory conditions. -
Endogenous Metabolite
rel-(1S,2R)-Dihydro bupropion is a metabolite of bupropion that primarily influences the immune response by promoting endogenous interleukin-10 (IL-10) production while inhibiting Th1 cytokines such as interleukin-12 (IL-12) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). This transition in immune response from Th1 to Th2 underscores its biological activity in modulating inflammatory conditions. rel-(1S,2R)-Dihydro bupropion serves as a valuable tool in research focused on understanding and addressing immune-related disorders.
