Catalog No.
Product Name
Application
Product Information
Citations
-
PPAR-γ Agonist
Rivoglitazone hydrochloride is a potent peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) agonist. By activating PPAR-γ, it modulates the expression of genes involved in lipid and glucose metabolism, thereby exerting significant anti-diabetic effects. This compound is valuable for research applications focusing on insulin secretion and insulin resistance, particularly in animal models of diabetes. -
PPARα/γ Agonist
MD001 is a dual agonist of PPARα and PPARγ, targeting both receptors to enhance their transcriptional activity. This compound promotes the expression of genes associated with β-oxidation, as well as fatty acid and glucose uptake, making it a valuable tool for research in metabolic disorders and insulin sensitivity. MD001 holds potential in exploring therapeutic strategies for conditions such as obesity and type 2 diabetes. -
PPARG Inverse Agonist
BAY-9683 is an orally active covalent inverse agonist of PPARG (Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma). It effectively inhibits the activity of overactive PPARG, making it a valuable tool for investigating diseases associated with PPARG dysregulation, including luminal bladder cancer. This compound is suitable for research applications focused on metabolic regulation and cancer biology. -
PPARγ Agonist
(R)-Pioglitazone is a selective agonist of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), exhibiting high affinity for the PPARγ ligand-binding domain. This R enantiomer is shown to be orally active, making it a valuable tool in the investigation of metabolic regulation. Its potential applications extend to research in neurodegenerative diseases, particularly Alzheimer's disease, where modulation of PPARγ pathways may influence disease progression and pathology. -
PPARg Ligand
L-764406 is a high-affinity non-thiazolidinedione ligand for the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ). Demonstrating partial agonist activity, L-764406 activates the expression of adipocyte-specific genes, such as aP2, in both chimeric receptors containing the PPARγ ligand-binding domain and in 3T3-L1 cell models. Notably, L-764406 does not exhibit activity with PPARα or PPARδ, making it a selective tool for studying PPARγ-related pathways and their implications in metabolic research. -
PPARγ Agonist
PPARγ Agonist 1 is a selective agonist of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ). This compound effectively activates human PPARγ, functioning as a partial agonist, which may help circumvent adverse effects commonly associated with full agonism. PPARγ Agonist 1 is particularly relevant for research in cardiovascular diseases linked to metabolic disorders, providing insights into therapeutic strategies targeting metabolic regulation and cardiovascular health. -
PPARγ Agonist
Cinoxate is a selective agonist of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), exhibiting a Ki value of 18.0 μM. This compound is utilized in research to investigate metabolic disorders, particularly obesity, by modulating adipocyte differentiation and lipid metabolism. Its activation of PPARγ may also provide insights into associated pathways, aiding in the understanding of insulin sensitivity and energy homeostasis. -
PPARα/PPARγ Agonist
Cevoglitazar is a potent dual agonist of PPARα and PPARγ, designed for oral administration. It effectively reduces food intake, body weight, and fasting plasma insulin levels in preclinical models such as obese mice and cynomolgus monkeys. This compound holds promise for research into diabetes and obesity-related disorders, facilitating exploration of metabolic pathways and therapeutic strategies in these conditions. -
PPAR/ sEH Modulator
SP-C01 is a potent modulator targeting soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) and serving as a partial agonist of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ). This compound exhibits significant inhibitory effects on Ser273 phosphorylation, highlighting its potential role in metabolic research and the modulation of inflammatory pathways. SP-C01 is suitable for studies investigating the therapeutic effects on metabolic disorders and the regulation of lipid metabolism. -
PPARγ Agonist
BR101549 is a non-thiazolidinedione (non-TZD) agonist of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ). It demonstrates activation of PPARγ comparable to that of Pioglitazone in vitro. This compound has been shown to effectively regulate blood glucose levels in mouse models, making it a valuable tool for anti-diabetic research and studies related to metabolic disorders. -
PPARγ Agonist
PPARγ Agonist 16 acts as a selective agonist for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), demonstrating competitive binding to the ligand-binding domain (LBD) with an IC50 of 1790 nM. This compound is notable for its ability to inhibit ear swelling in murine models and shows promising anti-hyperglycemic effects in streptozotocin-induced diabetes models. PPARγ Agonist 16 is valuable for research applications focused on metabolic disorders and inflammation. -
PPAR-γ Activator
Apo-12'-lycopenal is a metabolite of Lycopene acting as a PPAR-γ activator. It is known to enhance adipocyte differentiation and stimulate adiponectin secretion, making it of interest in studies related to metabolic regulation and obesity research. Its role in modulating PPAR-γ activity positions it as a valuable tool for investigating lipid metabolism and insulin sensitivity. -
PPARγ Agonist
AMG131 benzenesulfonate is a selective peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) agonist, classified as a non-thiazolidinedione (TZD) modulator. It binds to the PPARγ receptor, occupying a unique position in the binding pocket, which allows for distinct interactions compared to traditional TZDs. This compound has demonstrated potential in research pertaining to the treatment of type-2 diabetes mellitus, making it a valuable tool for investigating PPARγ-related metabolic pathways. -
PPARγ Agonist
PPARγ agonist 8 is a selective agonist of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ). It effectively induces peroxisome proliferator response element (PPRE)-luciferase activity with an EC50 of 0.2 μM, highlighting its potency in modulating PPARγ signaling pathways. This compound is valuable for studying the role of PPARγ in metabolic regulation, insulin sensitivity, and inflammation-related research. -
PPARγ Agonist
DS-6930 is a potent and selective agonist of PPARγ, exhibiting an EC50 of 41 nM. This compound significantly reduces plasma glucose levels while exhibiting fewer PPARγ-related adverse effects compared to traditional agents. DS-6930 is utilized for research in diabetes and metabolic disorders, making it a valuable tool for exploring therapeutic strategies in these areas. -
PPAR Agonist
Reglitazar is a selective agonist for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors α and β (PPAR α and PPAR β). It is known to enhance insulin sensitivity, reduce blood glucose levels, and regulate lipid metabolism. This compound is useful in research applications focused on metabolic disorders, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases, providing insights into the modulation of metabolic pathways. -
PPAR Agonist
MHY 553 is a PPARα agonist that enhances fatty acid oxidation and reduces liver fat accumulation. This compound has demonstrated efficacy in mitigating triglyceride accumulation induced by liver X receptor agonists in HepG2 cells. Additionally, MHY 553 significantly suppresses inflammatory mRNA expression in aging rats, making it a valuable tool for research on metabolic disorders and age-related inflammation. -
PPARα/γ Activator
GW-9820 is a potent activator of both PPARα and PPARγ, exhibiting EC50 values of 0.37 μM and 0.288 μM, respectively. This compound has been shown to enhance the expression of CLA-1, a key player in lipid metabolism and inflammation. GW-9820 is primarily utilized in research focused on atherosclerosis, offering insights into the modulation of metabolic pathways linked to cardiovascular diseases. -
PPARα Agonist
KRP-105 is a selective agonist of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα), exhibiting an effective concentration (EC50) of 8 nM. This compound has demonstrated the ability to significantly lower serum levels of triglycerides, total cholesterol, and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. KRP-105 is suitable for research applications focused on metabolic diseases, particularly dyslipidemia. -
PPAR Modulator
SR2595 is an inverse agonist of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), exhibiting an IC50 value of 30 nM. This compound functions by modulating PPARγ activity, leading to alterations in gene expression associated with lipid metabolism and insulin sensitivity. SR2595 is primarily used in research related to metabolic disorders, obesity, and diabetes, making it a valuable tool for studying PPARγ signaling pathways and their implications in various physiological processes. -
PPARγ ligand
SR 1824 is a non-agonist ligand for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), functioning primarily by inhibiting Cdk5-mediated phosphorylation. This compound exhibits anti-diabetic properties, making it a valuable tool for research focused on metabolic disorders and the modulation of PPARγ signaling pathways. Its unique mechanism supports investigations into the regulation of insulin sensitivity and the therapeutic potential in diabetes-related studies. -
COX-2 Inhibitor/PPAR-γ Activator
Zaltoprofen sulfoxide is a selective COX-2 inhibitor with an IC50 of 45.38 nM, as well as a PPAR-γ activator. This compound effectively inhibits NF-κB and MAPK inflammatory signaling pathways, making it a valuable tool in the study of inflammation and acute lung injury models. It is particularly relevant for research focused on LPS-induced acute lung injury. -
LTD4 Antagonist/PPAR-γ Agonist
LTD4 antagonist 3 (FK011 hydrochloride) is a selective leukotriene D4 (LTD4) antagonist that also exhibits agonistic activity for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ). This compound demonstrates enhanced PPAR-γ activation with a fold-increase of 1.50 at 1 μM and 2.35 at 10 μM. LTD4 antagonist 3 is valuable for research in the development of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and related therapeutic applications targeting inflammatory pathways. -
PPAR Modulator
C333H is a selective modulator of PPARγ, effectively exhibiting insulin-sensitizing and hypoglycemic properties. In diabetic mouse models, C333H demonstrates insulin-sensitizing effects comparable to thiazolidinediones without causing significant weight gain or increased adipose tissue mass. The compound elevates levels of high molecular weight adiponectin isoforms in diabetic db/db mice and reduces serine phosphorylation of PPARγ at residue 273 in brown adipose tissue, selectively modulating the expression of specific target genes in adipose tissue. Additionally, C333H shows weak recruitment of co-activators and weak dissociation of co-repressors in vitro, indicating its potential as an inhibitor of type 2 diabetes. -
PPARδ Agonist
PPARδ Agonist 10 is a selective, orally active partial agonist targeting peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta (PPARδ) with EC50 values of 0.053 μM for human PPARδ (LBD) and 0.30 μM for mouse PPARδ. This compound exhibits full agonistic activity on free fatty acid oxidation in muscle cells, both in vitro and in vivo, while displaying partial agonism in transactivation assays. PPARδ Agonist 10 is suitable for research focused on dyslipidemia and metabolic disorders. -
PPARγ Modulator
PPARγ modulator-1 is a non-agonistic modulator of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ). It exhibits high binding affinity for PPARγ and inhibits kinase-mediated phosphorylation of this receptor. This compound is suitable for research applications focused on metabolic diseases, providing a means to study the effects of PPARγ modulation while potentially minimizing side effects associated with traditional agonists. -
PPARδ Agonist
L-783483 is a potent agonist of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor delta (PPARδ). This compound has demonstrated the ability to reduce inflammation, as evidenced by its efficacy in attenuating Carrageenan-induced paw edema in murine models. L-783483 is useful in studies exploring metabolic disorders, inflammatory responses, and the therapeutic potential of PPARδ activation. -
PPARδ Agonist
PPARδ Agonist 11 is a selective agonist for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta (PPARδ), exhibiting an EC50 of 20 nM. This compound effectively reduces nitrite oxide levels and pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as TNFα and IL-6, in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells, demonstrating its anti-inflammatory activity through the NF-κB pathway. Additionally, PPARδ Agonist 11 shows good stability in human liver microsomes and plasma, and it alleviates Carrageenan-induced foot edema, making it a valuable tool for research in inflammation and metabolic disorders. -
PPARα/γ dual agonist
MHY908 is a potent dual agonist of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors alpha (PPARα) and gamma (PPARγ). This compound enhances lipid metabolism and insulin sensitivity, making it a valuable tool in research related to metabolic disorders and obesity. Additionally, MHY908 inhibits melanogenesis by reducing the activity of mushroom tyrosinase, which may have implications in studies of pigmentation and skin biology. -
PPAR Modulator
CRX000227 is a PPAR modulator that selectively influences peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs), playing a significant role in metabolic regulation. This compound demonstrates potential in the study of metabolic disorders and cell proliferation activities, making it a valuable tool for investigating the underlying mechanisms of various diseases related to metabolic dysfunction. Its utility in research applications may aid in the development of therapeutic strategies targeting metabolic and proliferative disorders. -
PPARγ Partial Agonist
PPARγ Agonist 2 is a potent partial agonist of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ). This compound demonstrates significant biological activity in modulating glucose and lipid metabolism, making it an essential tool for studying metabolic diseases. It is particularly useful in research applications focused on obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disorders. -
PPAR Agonist
PPARα/δ Agonist 3 is a selective agonist targeting peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs), specifically activating PPARα, PPARδ, and PPARγ with EC50 values of 5.6 nM, 3.4 nM, and 1278 nM, respectively. This compound demonstrates significant anticholestatic activity in mouse models of cholestatic liver disease induced by ANIT or CDCA. It is useful for studying the role of PPAR activation in lipid metabolism and the pathophysiology of liver diseases. -
PPARγ Agonist
PPARγ agonist-22 is a selective agonist of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), which plays a crucial role in regulating glucose and lipid metabolism. This compound enhances cellular glucose uptake and decreases lipid accumulation in adipocytes, making it valuable in investigating metabolic disorders. PPARγ agonist-22 is particularly relevant for studies focused on the pathophysiology and treatment of type 2 diabetes. -
Endogenous Metabolite
3-Indolepropionic acid is an endogenous metabolite that acts as a potent antioxidant. Its ability to scavenge free radicals suggests potential therapeutic applications in neurodegenerative diseases, particularly Alzheimer's disease. This compound is of interest for research focused on oxidative stress and neuroprotection in cellular models. -
Endogenous Metabolite
Oxaloacetic acid is a key endogenous metabolite that plays a crucial role in the citric acid cycle, gluconeogenesis, the urea cycle, the glyoxylate cycle, and both amino acid and fatty acid synthesis. Its involvement in these metabolic pathways allows for the clearance of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and enhances mitochondrial function. Oxaloacetic acid is valuable in research focused on energy metabolism, oxidative stress, and metabolic disorders. -
Ferroptosis Suppressor
Taurolithocholic acid is a bile acid recognized for its role as a ferroptosis suppressor. It activates the TGR5-PI3K/AKT-SREBP2 signaling pathway, leading to the upregulation of FADS2, which inhibits SFTSV-induced ferroptosis and viral replication, while also modulating pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β. In addition to its antiviral properties, taurolithocholic acid influences hepatocellular transport processes, promoting cholestatic effects. This compound serves as a valuable experimental model for studying hepatocellular cholestasis and provides insight into severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome without exhibiting cytotoxicity at concentrations ≤200 μM. -
Herbicide
Diquat dibromide hydrate is a potent herbicide that primarily acts by generating reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inducing mitochondrial autophagy. By initiating redox cycles, it produces free radicals, particularly superoxide anions, leading to oxidative stress. Its cytotoxic, reproductive, and neurotoxic properties are notable, making it effective for controlling noxious weeds in crops such as cotton and soybean. This compound is a valuable tool for researchers studying herbicide mechanisms and oxidative stress pathways. -
Phenylurea Herbicide
Diuron, a phenylurea herbicide, primarily targets photosynthesis in plants by inhibiting the formation of ATP and NADH. This compound induces the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and upregulates p53 expression in specific cell lines. Diuron exhibits herbicidal activity against a wide range of annual and perennial broadleaf and grass weeds. Additionally, it serves as a relevant agent in breast cancer research and has been implicated in promoting DMBA/BBN-induced bladder cancer studies. -
HO-1 Inhibitor
OB-24 is a selective small-molecule inhibitor of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), demonstrating an IC50 of 1.9 μM for HO-1 with minimal effect on HO-2 (IC50 > 100 μM). This compound exhibits significant anti-tumor and anti-metastatic activities, making it valuable for research applications in various cancer models, including prostate cancer, melanoma, ovarian carcinoma, and lung metastasis. OB-24 may serve as an essential tool for understanding HO-1's role in tumor progression and metastasis. -
Endogenous metabolite
2,2-Dihydroxyacetic acid is an endogenous metabolite and a monohydrate of glyoxylic acid. This compound is involved in the microbial glyoxylate cycle and may enhance levels of reactive oxygen species, promote cell differentiation, and aid in the modification of proteins to produce advanced glycation end products (AGEs). Its physiological significance links it to metabolic disorders, particularly primary hyperoxaluria, making it a valuable reagent for research in metabolic disease pathways. -
HO-1 Inducer
CP-312 is a potent inducer of Heme Oxygenase-1 (HO-1), which plays a critical role in the cellular response to oxidative stress. By enhancing the expression of HMOX1, CP-312 supports the viability of human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs). This compound is primarily utilized in research applications focusing on cardiovascular protection and oxidative stress mitigation in cardiac cells. -
TrxR1 Inhibitor
Aurothioglucose is a potent inhibitor of thioredoxin reductase 1 (TrxR1), exhibiting an IC50 value of 65 nM. This compound effectively inhibits the DNA binding activity of NF-κB in vitro, highlighting its role in modulating key transcriptional pathways. Additionally, Aurothioglucose demonstrates anti-HIV and anti-rheumatic properties, making it a valuable reagent for research in infectious diseases and autoimmune disorders. -
CYP2E1 Inhibitor
CYP2E1-IN-1 is a potent inhibitor of cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) with a Kd of 7.02 μM, an IC50 of 1.64 μM, and a Ki of 0.897 μM. This compound activates the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway and effectively inhibits reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, contributing to the alleviation of pancreatic injury. With significant anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, CYP2E1-IN-1 is suitable for research applications focused on severe acute pancreatitis and other inflammation-related diseases. -
FXR Antagonist
(-)-(E)-Guggulsterone is a natural stereoisomer of Guggulsterone that functions as a Farnesoid X Receptor (FXR) antagonist with an IC50 of 24.06 μM. This compound exhibits significant hypolipidemic effects and demonstrates the ability to suppress dengue virus (DENV) replication by enhancing antiviral interferon responses through the activation of Nrf2 and upregulation of HO-1 expression. Additionally, (-)-(E)-Guggulsterone displays antibacterial properties against various strains, including Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, as well as offering cardiac protective and antioxidant benefits in rat models. -
HO-2 Inhibitor
Heme Oxygenase-2-IN-1 is a selective inhibitor of heme oxygenase-2 (HO-2), demonstrating an IC50 of 0.9 μM for HO-2 and 14.9 μM for HO-1. This compound is valuable in research applications focused on elucidating the role of HO-2 in various biological processes and potential therapeutic interventions. Its specificity for HO-2 makes it a useful tool for studying associated signaling pathways and related diseases. -
Herbicide
Mesotrione is a selective herbicide that functions as a potent competitive and reversible inhibitor of the enzyme 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD). Its primary biological activity involves the disruption of carotenoid biosynthesis, leading to oxidative stress in targeted weed species. Mesotrione exhibits high tolerance in maize due to its rapid metabolism within the crop, making it a valuable tool for controlling broadleaf weeds while minimizing damage to the desirable maize plants in agricultural research and applications. -
Phenolic Compound
Brevifolincarboxylic acid is a phenolic compound that targets α-glucosidase, inhibiting its activity with an IC50 value of 323.46 μM. This compound exhibits an inhibitory effect on the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and possesses antioxidant properties by scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS). Additionally, it enhances glucose uptake in myotubes and demonstrates antitumor activity against lung and gastric cancers. Brevifolincarboxylic acid is valuable for research in diabetes and inflammatory diseases. -
Succinate Dehydrogenase Inhibitor
Diethyl butylmalonate is a competitive inhibitor of succinate dehydrogenase, exhibiting anti-inflammatory properties through the reduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Additionally, it demonstrates neuroprotective effects, making it a valuable tool in studies related to neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease. Furthermore, Diethyl butylmalonate shows toxicity to Tetrahymena pyriformis, with a log(IGC50-1) value of 0.557, underscoring its potential utility in ecological and cellular toxicity research. -
HO-1 Inducer
Cobalt protoporphyrin IX (Co-PPIX) is a specific inducer of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). This compound demonstrates significant antiviral activity against Influenza A virus (IAV) and is widely used in research to investigate the protective roles of HO-1 in various disease models. Co-PPIX serves as a valuable tool for studying the signaling pathways involved in oxidative stress and inflammation. -
PPO Inhibitor
Trifludimoxazin is a protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO) inhibitor with herbicidal properties. By targeting PPO, it leads to the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and subsequent cell membrane damage, resulting in effective weed death. Trifludimoxazin demonstrates significant efficacy in managing both broadleaf and grass weeds, making it a valuable tool in agricultural research and weed control applications.
