- Etretinate is a second-generation retinoid to treat severe psoriasis; has been replaced by acitretin, a safer metabolite of etretinate.
-
Thiamin antagonist
Amprolium chloride is a thiamin antagonist, which prevents carbohydrate synthesis by blocking thiamine uptake. -
Tryptophan hydroxylase inhibitor
4-Chloro-DL-phenylalanine is a selective and irreversible inhibitor of tryptophan hydroxylase, a rate-limiting enzyme in the biosynthesis of serotonin (5-HYDROXYTRYPTAMINE). - Chlorzoxazone is a muscle-relaxing drug,and a probe for human liver cytochrome P-450IIE1.
- Choline bitartrate is a form of the nutrient choline which is found in foods.
- Choline chloride is a quaternary ammonium salt used as an additive for animal feed.
-
glucose metabolism inhibitor
2-Deoxy-D-glucose is a glucose analog that acts as a competitive inhibitor of glucose metabolism, inhibiting glycolysis via its actions on hexokinase. -
iron-chelating drug
Deferiprone is the only orally active iron-chelating drug to be used therapeutically in conditions of transfusional iron overload. - Difluprednate(Durezol) is a corticosteroid, approved difluprednate for the treatment of post-operative ocular inflammation and pain.
-
α-glucosidase inhibitor
Hexylresorcinol (4-Hexylresorcinol) is a natural compound found in plants with antimicrobial, anthelmintic, antiseptic and antitumor activities. Hexylresorcinol can induce apoptosis in squamous carcinoma cells. Hexylresorcinol is a reversible and noncompetitive inhibitor of α-glucosidase. Hexylresorcinol has protective effects against oxidative DNA damage. -
excitatory transmitter/agonist
L-Glutamic acid monosodium salt acts as an excitatory transmitter and an agonist at all subtypes of glutamate receptors (metabotropic, kainate, NMDA, and AMPA). (S)-Glutamic acid shows a direct activating effect on the release of DA from dopaminergic terminals. -
ferroptosis inhibitor
Liproxstatin-1 is a potent ferroptosis inhibitor and inhibits ferroptotic cell death (IC50=22 nM). -
PPARγ agonist
Pioglitazone hydrochloride is a potent and selective PPARγ agonist with EC50s of 0.93 and 0.99 μM for human and mouse PPARγ, respectively. -
COX-2 inhibitor
Salicylic acid (2-Hydroxybenzoic acid) is a beta hydroxy acid that occurs as a natural compound in plants which is an inhibitor of ethylene biosynthesis and cyclooxygenase activity. - Sevelamer hydrochloride is a phosphate binding drug used to treat hyperphosphatemia in patients with chronic kidney disease; consists of polyallylamine that is crosslinked with epichlorohydrin.
- Vitamin D2 (Ergocalciferol) is a form of vitamin D, used as a vitamin D supplement.
-
CYP1A1 inhibitor
Bergamottin is a furanocoumarin found in grapefruit juice and lemon, lime, and bergamot oils that has diverse biological activities. -
IDH1 Inhibitor
Vorasidenib, also known as AG-881, is a potent and selective orally available inhibitor of mutated forms of both isocitrate dehydrogenase type 1 (IDH1, IDH1 [NADP+] soluble) in the cytoplasm and type 2 (IDH2, isocitrate dehydrogenase [NADP+], mitochondrial) in the mitochondria, with potential antineoplastic activity. -
LOXL2 inhibitor
LOXL2-IN-1 HCl is a selective LOXL2 inhibitor with an IC50 of 126 nM. - 3-methoxy Tyramine (HCl) is a natural metabolite of dopamine, produced by catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT).
-
FXR anonist
Tropifexor, also known as LJN452, is a farnesoid X receptor agonist for the Treatment of Cholestatic Liver Diseases and Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH). -
anthelmintic
Oxyclozanide is a salicylanilide anthelmintic that is a proton ionophore which uncouples oxidative phosphorylation of the target organism. - Valpromide is an amide derivative of valproic acid and inhibits human epoxide hydrolase.
-
CYP51 inhibitor
Tebuconazole is a triazole fungicide used agriculturally to treat plant pathogenic fungi. -
PDE4 inhibitor
Roflumilast N-oxide is the active metabolite of roflumilast. Roflumilast N-oxide is a phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor. -
Antioxidants
Glutathione oxidized, or GSSG, results from glutathione undergoing oxidation. It plays a crucial role in neutralizing reactive oxygen species, a process that concurrently generates GSSG. This oxidized form of glutathione is pivotal in studies concerning sickle cells and erythrocytes, where it's utilized for research purposes.
-
Antioxidant
Ethoxyquin is an antioxidant that is widely used in animal feed to protect against lipid peroxidation and fat rancidity in chicken, salmon, and beef. -
FXR agonist
PX20606, also known as PX-102, is a FXR agonist. It induces high-density lipoprotein-mediated transhepatic cholesterol efflux in mice and monkeys and prevent atherosclerosis in cholesteryl ester transfer protein transgenic low-density lipoprotein receptor (-/-) mice. -
DHFR inhibitor
Diaveridine (EGIS-5645) is a dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) inhibitor with a Ki of 11.5 nM for the wild type DHFR and also an antibacterial agent. -
signal transducing G proteins activator
5'-GTP trisodium salt hydrate is an activator of the signal transducing G proteins and also serves as an energy-rich precursor of mononucleotide units in the enzymatic biosynthesis of DNA and RNA. - (S)-(-)-Citronellal ((-)-Citronellal) is a monoterpenoid compound found in Corymbia citriodora and Cymbopogon nardus essential oils.
-
DGAT1 inhibitor
DGAT1-IN-1 is a potent DGAT1 inhibitor with IC50 of < 10 nM(cell lysate from Hep3B cells overexpressing human DGAT1). -
inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase inhibitor
Taribavirin is an orally active inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase inhibitor, has activity against a wide range of viruses, especially the hepatitis C virus and influenza virus. -
heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) inhibitor
HO-1-IN-1 hydrochloride (Compound 2) is a heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) inhibitor with an IC50 of 250 nM.

