Catalog No.
Product Name
Application
Product Information
Citations
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Endogenous Metabolite
18-Hydroxycorticosterone is a corticosteroid and an endogenous metabolite derived from corticosterone. It plays a crucial role in the regulation of electrolyte balance and blood pressure. This compound is essential for research into adrenal gland function, mineralocorticoid activity, and conditions associated with electrolyte disturbances, such as hyperaldosteronism. -
Endogenous Metabolite
1-O-Hexadecyl-2-O-docosahexaenoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphorylcholine is an endogenous metabolite that plays a crucial role in lipid metabolism. It is primarily involved in signaling pathways related to obesity and metabolic disorders. This compound can be utilized in research to investigate the biological mechanisms underlying obesity and its potential impact on health. -
Endogenous Metabolite
Cortisol sulfate, also known as Cortisol 21-sulfate, is an endogenous metabolite of cortisol. As a specific ligand for intracellular transcortin, it plays a crucial role in regulating corticosteroid activity within the body. This compound is instrumental in research applications focused on stress response, glucocorticoid signaling, and metabolic pathways related to endocrine function. -
Endogenous Metabolite
Triarachidin is an endogenous metabolite that plays a significant role in the biosynthesis of lipids and other cellular functions. As a bioactive compound, it contributes to various metabolic pathways and cellular signaling mechanisms. Triarachidin is essential for research related to lipid metabolism, cellular physiology, and the exploration of metabolic disorders. -
Endogenous Metabolite
Lucidenic acid LM1 is a natural triterpenoid derived from the fungus Ganoderma lucidum. It is an endogenous metabolite that exhibits various biological activities, including anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. This compound has potential applications in research focused on oxidative stress, inflammation, and the exploration of fungal bioactive substances. -
Endogenous Metabolite
Phenylacetyl CoA is an endogenous metabolite that serves as an acyl-CoA derivative in metabolic pathways. It functions as a substrate for acceptor oxidoreductases, playing a critical role in the anaerobic metabolism of phenylalanine in denitrifying bacteria, such as Thauera aromatica. This compound is essential for studies on microbial metabolism and can be applied in research investigating the enzymatic processes of anaerobic organisms. -
Endogenous Metabolite
Urolithin M7 is an endogenous metabolite derived from gut microbiota metabolism. It exhibits significant inhibitory effects on oxidative stress and modulates inflammatory signaling pathways. Urolithin M7 is a valuable reagent for research applications focused on gut microbiota metabolism and cardiovascular disease mechanisms. -
Endogenous Metabolite
2,3-Diaminopropanoic acid hydrochloride is an endogenous metabolite known for its role as a biochemical building block and regulator in various metabolic pathways. It has been implicated in amino acid metabolism and can serve as a substrate in the synthesis of bioactive peptides. This compound is useful in research applications focusing on cellular metabolism, neurobiology, and the study of metabolic disorders. -
Endogenous Metabolite
11-Oxo etiocholanolone, also known as 11-Ketoetiocholanolone, is an endogenous metabolite that serves as a crucial marker for the detection of cortisol metabolites in feces and urine. This steroid plays a significant role in studies related to stress response and hormone metabolism. Its potential function as a pheromone further enhances its relevance in neuroendocrine research and behavioral studies. -
Endogenous Metabolite
Pteridine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione is an endogenous metabolite with a significant role in various biochemical pathways. This compound is involved in the regulation of cellular processes and may influence cellular responses to oxidative stress. Research applications include studies on metabolic pathways, enzyme activity, and the biological implications of pteridine derivatives in health and disease. -
Endogenous Metabolite
PNU-100440 is an endogenous metabolite of Linezolid, which primarily functions as an antibiotic targeting bacterial ribosomal protein synthesis. This compound is used in research to study the pharmacological profile of Linezolid and its metabolic pathway, providing insights into its therapeutic and side effects. The analysis of PNU-100440 can contribute to a better understanding of antibiotic metabolism and resistance in microbial organisms. -
Endogenous Metabolite
Hydroxy bosentan is an endogenous metabolite derived from Bosentan, primarily processed by the cytochrome P450 system in the liver. This compound retains 10%-20% of Bosentan's pharmacological activity, serving as a significant contributor to the overall therapeutic effects of the parent compound. Hydroxy bosentan is useful in research focused on metabolic pathways and the pharmacokinetics of endothelin receptor antagonists. -
Endogenous Metabolite
Cholesterol glucuronide is an endogenous metabolite that acts primarily through its role as a conjugate of cholesterol. It is produced in the liver by the enzyme UDP-glucuronosyltransferase and plays a significant role in cholesterol metabolism and transport. This compound is valuable for research applications focusing on lipid metabolism, cholesterol homeostasis, and related metabolic disorders. -
Endogenous Metabolite
Vitamin D3 octanoate, an octanoate ester of cholecalciferol, serves as an endogenous metabolite. It is known to induce cellular differentiation and inhibit the proliferation of cancer cells, making it a valuable compound for cancer research. This reagent is also applicable in studies focusing on vitamin D metabolism and its broader implications in cellular health. -
Endogenous Metabolite
3-(3-Hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid (3HPPA) functions as an endothelium-dependent promoter of nitric oxide (NO) release and an activator of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS). This compound facilitates vascular smooth muscle relaxation by enhancing NO synthesis in endothelial cells, leading to vasodilation and decreased peripheral vascular resistance. In studies, 3HPPA has shown a dose-dependent ability to lower systolic and diastolic blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats without affecting cardiac contractility or heart rate. Its antihypertensive and vascular protective properties make it a valuable reagent for investigating cardiovascular disease prevention and treatment. -
Endogenous Metabolite
Hexokinase, Yeast is an enzyme that catalyzes the phosphorylation of glucose, playing a crucial role in the glycolytic pathway. This enzyme is vital for cellular energy production, contributing to the maintenance of mitochondrial integrity and promoting cell survival. It serves as an important reagent for studies focused on metabolic regulation and energy dynamics within yeast models. -
PPO Inhibitor
PPO-IN-10 is a selective inhibitor of protoporphyrinogen IX oxidase (PPO), functioning through its 2-phenylpyridine pyrrolidone scaffold. By inhibiting PPO, this compound induces the accumulation of photosensitive protoporphyrin IX, ultimately leading to necrosis in target weed leaves. PPO-IN-10 serves as a valuable tool in research aimed at the development of novel PPO herbicides. -
Stable Isotope
Saflufenacil-d7 is a deuterium-labeled variant of Saflufenacil, a herbicide belonging to the pyrimidinedione class. This compound acts as a potent inhibitor of protoporphyrinogen IX oxidase (PPO), providing effective preplant burndown and selective preemergence control of dicot weeds in various crops, including corn. Saflufenacil-d7 is primarily utilized in chemical research for tracking and understanding the behavior of Saflufenacil in biological systems and environmental studies. -
Protoporphyrinogen IX Inhibitor
PPO-IN-2 is a potent inhibitor of protoporphyrinogen IX oxidase, exhibiting a Ki value of 16 nM. This compound effectively disrupts heme biosynthesis by targeting the conversion of protoporphyrinogen IX to protoporphyrin IX. PPO-IN-2 is valuable for research into porphyrias and other disorders related to heme metabolism, providing insights into potential therapeutic strategies. -
PPO Inhibitor
PPO-IN-3 is a potent protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO) inhibitor, exhibiting a KI value of 0.67 nM. This compound demonstrates effective post-emergence herbicidal activity, making it valuable for agricultural applications aimed at weed control. Its specific mechanism of action provides a useful tool for research into herbicide efficacy and resistance mechanisms. -
Herbicide
Saflufenacil is a potent herbicide belonging to the pyrimidinedione chemical class that acts as a selective preemergence and preplant burndown agent for dicot weed control in various crops, including corn. Its primary mechanism involves the inhibition of protoporphyrinogen IX oxidase (PPO), leading to the disruption of chlorophyll synthesis and subsequent plant death. This compound is useful for researchers studying herbicide efficacy and weed management strategies in agricultural settings. -
Protoporphyrinogen Oxidase Inhibitor
Herbicidal agent 2 is a protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO) inhibitor that demonstrates effective herbicidal activity against a range of broadleaf and monocotyledon weeds. This compound serves as a valuable tool in agricultural research for studying herbicide resistance and developing new weed management strategies. Its targeted mechanism offers insights into the inhibition of crucial enzymatic pathways involved in plant growth and development. -
PPO Inhibitor
PPO-IN-7 is a potent inhibitor of protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO), a key enzyme involved in heme biosynthesis. This compound demonstrates significant herbicidal activity, making it valuable for research applications in plant biology and agricultural chemistry. Its ability to inhibit PPO provides insights into metabolic pathways and offers potential development avenues for herbicide formulations. -
PPO Inhibitor
PPO-IN-6 is a potent protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO) inhibitor that disrupts heme and chlorophyll biosynthesis. By inhibiting PPO activity, PPO-IN-6 can be utilized in cancer research and the investigation of other diseases linked to altered porphyrin metabolism. This compound serves as a valuable tool for studying the biochemical pathways involved in disease progression and therapeutic interventions. -
PPO Inhibitor
PPO-IN-15 is a potent inhibitor of protoporphyrinogen IX oxidase (PPO), targeting a key enzyme in the biosynthesis of chlorophyll. This compound demonstrates effective herbicidal activity against resistant weed species, making it a valuable tool in agricultural research. Its selectivity profiles indicate reduced phytotoxicity, particularly in wheat and rice, enhancing crop safety while managing weed populations. This functionality makes PPO-IN-15 suitable for studies aimed at developing sustainable weed management strategies. -
Pyruvate Kinase-R Activator
Tebapivat is a potent activator of pyruvate kinase-R (PKR), playing a critical role in enhancing glycolytic flux and energy metabolism. Its ability to stimulate PKR makes it valuable in research on metabolic disorders and cancer, where glycolysis is often dysregulated. Tebapivat can be utilized to investigate the effects of PKR activation on cellular energy production and related biochemical pathways. -
PKM2 Activator
PKM2 activator 2 is a potent activator of pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) with an AC50 value of 66 nM. This compound effectively enhances PKM2 activity, facilitating the restoration of normal glycolytic metabolism in various cellular models. It is valuable for research applications focusing on cancer metabolism and cellular energy regulation, offering insights into metabolic reprogramming in tumors. -
Pyruvate Kinase Activator
Etavopivat is a selective erythrocyte pyruvate kinase (PKR) activator that enhances glycolytic flux in red blood cells. It exhibits significant antisickling effects, making it a valuable tool for investigating sickle cell disease and other hemoglobinopathies. This compound is of interest in research aimed at improving red blood cell function and mitigating the complications associated with abnormal hemoglobin disorders. -
PKM2 Kinase Inhibitor
PKM2-IN-3 is a selective inhibitor of the PKM2 kinase, demonstrating an IC50 value of 4.1 μM. This compound exhibits notable anti-neuroinflammatory effects by disrupting PKM2-mediated glycolysis and inhibiting NLRP3 activation. PKM2-IN-3 is suitable for research applications focused on metabolic regulation and neuroinflammation pathways. -
GAPDH malonylation
Malonyl-NAC is a specific inhibitor of GAPDH malonylation that leads to decreased endogenous GAPDH activity in cells. This reagent enhances GAPDH malonylation and concurrently inhibits pyruvate kinase activity. It has been shown to limit metabolism and proliferation in highly glycolytic kidney cancer cell lines possessing tricarboxylic acid cycle mutations, making it a valuable tool for investigating metabolic alterations in cancer research. -
PKM2 Activator
PKM2 activator 5 is a selective activator of pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) with an AC50 value of 0.316 µM. This compound modulates the metabolic pathways of cancer cells by enhancing PKM2 activity, thereby promoting a shift from aerobic to anaerobic metabolism. PKM2 activator 5 has applications in cancer research, particularly in studies focused on metabolic reprogramming and the development of novel therapeutic strategies targeting cancer metabolism. -
PKM2 Inhibitor
CIAC001 is a potent inhibitor of Pyruvate Kinase M2 (PKM2), demonstrating noteworthy anti-neuroinflammatory properties. It effectively suppresses LPS-induced nitric oxide (NO) production in BV-2 microglial cells, with an IC50 of 2.5 μM, and exhibits protective effects against neuroinflammation in various mouse models. Additionally, CIAC001 has shown the potential to inhibit aspects of chronic morphine-induced addiction, making it a valuable reagent for research into neuroinflammatory processes and addiction pathways. -
PKM2 Inhibitor
NPD10084 is a potent inhibitor of pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) that targets non-glycolytic signaling in cancer cells. By disrupting the interaction between PKM2 and key regulatory proteins such as β-catenin and STAT3, NPD10084 effectively inhibits downstream signaling pathways. This compound exhibits significant antiproliferative activity against colorectal cancer cells, making it a valuable tool for cancer research and therapeutic investigations. -
MRSA Pyruvate Kinase Inhibitor
Deoxytopsentin is a marine bisindole alkaloid that functions as an inhibitor of pyruvate kinase in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). This compound demonstrates significant antibacterial activity against MRSA strains in vitro. Deoxytopsentin is derived from sponges and serves as a valuable research tool for studying bacterial metabolism and developing therapies targeting antibiotic-resistant infections. -
AADC/PKM2 Inhibitor
Benserazide is an inhibitor of aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase (AADC) and L-DOPA decarboxylase, primarily targeting the PKM2 enzyme. By binding directly to PKM2, Benserazide inhibits its activity, resulting in the suppression of aerobic glycolysis and the concurrent upregulation of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). This compound is valuable for research applications related to Parkinson's disease and melanoma. -
Pyruvate Kinase-R Activator
PKR Activator 1 is a potent activator of pyruvate kinase-R (PKR), facilitating enhanced glycolytic flux and promoting overall metabolic activity. This compound is instrumental in studies exploring metabolic disorders, cancer metabolism, and the regulation of cellular energy pathways. With its ability to modulate PKR activity, PKR Activator 1 serves as a valuable tool for researchers investigating the role of PKR in various biological contexts. -
PKM2 Activator
PF-06284674 is a potent activator of PKM2, a key enzyme involved in cancer metabolism. This compound enhances the activity of PKM2, promoting metabolic switching and cellular proliferation. It is primarily utilized in cancer research, particularly studies focused on targeting metabolic pathways for therapeutic intervention. -
Pyruvate Kinase Activator
ML202 is a potent allosteric activator of human pyruvate kinase M2 (hPK-M2), designed to enhance the enzyme's activity by modulating the cooperativity of phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) binding. It specifically influences the PEP binding site with minimal impact on adenosine diphosphate (ADP) binding. This compound is valuable for studying metabolic pathways and cellular energy regulation, making it a useful tool in cancer research and metabolic studies. -
PKR Activator
(Rac)-Etavopivat is an isomer of Etavopivat and functions as an activator of erythrocyte pyruvate kinase-R (PKR). This compound exhibits the potential to enhance glycolytic flux in erythrocytes, making it valuable for research on sickle cell disease and other hemoglobinopathies. Its oral bioavailability allows for convenient dosing in in vitro and in vivo studies, supporting investigations into erythrocyte metabolism and therapeutic strategies. -
PKR Activator
PKR Activator 5 (Compound 18) is a potent activator of pyruvate kinase R (PKR), exhibiting an AC50 of 28 nM. This compound enhances PKR activity, which plays a critical role in regulating glycolysis and energy metabolism. PKR Activator 5 is valuable for research applications aimed at understanding the metabolic pathways associated with PKR and their implications in cancer and metabolic disorders. -
PKM2 Activator
PKM2 activator 10 is a selective activator of the pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) enzyme, promoting its tetrameric form and enhancing glycolytic activity. This compound demonstrates significant anti-tumor activity, making it a valuable tool in cancer research. Its ability to modulate metabolic pathways provides insights into therapeutic strategies for cancer treatment and metabolic disorders. -
PKM2 Activator
PKM2 Activator 4 is a potent activator of the pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) enzyme, exhibiting an AC50 value in the range of 1-10 μM. This compound is primarily utilized in cancer research, where modulation of PKM2 activity may influence metabolic pathways involved in tumor growth and cell proliferation. Its role in enhancing PKM2 function makes it a valuable tool for investigating cancer metabolism and potential therapeutic strategies. -
PK Activator
Mitapivat hemisulfate is an orally active allosteric activator of pyruvate kinase (PK). This compound enhances enzymatic activity, improves protein stability, and elevates ATP levels across various PKLR genotypes, making it a potential therapeutic option for restoring function in PK-deficient glycolytic pathways. Mitapivat hemisulfate is suitable for research applications focused on PK deficiency and metabolic disorders. -
Pyruvate Kinase Activator
Mitapivat hemisulfate sesquihydrate is an orally active allosteric activator of pyruvate kinase (PK). This compound enhances enzymatic activity and protein stability while increasing ATP levels across various PKLR genotypes. Mitapivat is instrumental in studying pyruvate kinase deficiencies and has significant implications for restoring glycolytic pathway activity in affected cells. -
PK-R Activator
Mitapivat hydrochloride is a selective allosteric activator of pyruvate kinase R (PK-R). By enhancing the enzymatic activity of PK-R, it facilitates the conversion of phosphoenolpyruvate to pyruvate, promoting glycolysis and leading to increased ATP production in red blood cells while decreasing levels of 2,3-diphosphoglycerate. This compound shows potential for investigational studies related to pyruvate kinase deficiency and various anemia-related disorders. -
PKM2 Inhibitor
PKM2-IN-4 is a selective inhibitor of pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2), exhibiting an IC50 of 0.35 μM. This compound is known to regulate pyruvate-dependent respiration and promotes mitochondrial H2O2 production, impacting the efficiency of the electron transport system. It serves as a valuable tool in research focused on metabolism, cancer biology, and oxidative stress. -
PKM2 Inhibitor
PKM2-IN-9 is a selective inhibitor of pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2), achieving an inhibition rate of 75% at a concentration of 50 μM. This compound is of significant interest in cancer research, as it regulates metabolic pathways essential for tumor growth and survival. PKM2-IN-9 can be utilized to explore the role of PKM2 in cellular processes and as a potential therapeutic target in various types of cancer. -
PKM2 Activator
PKM2 activator 3 is a potent activator of pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2), exhibiting an AC50 value of 90 nM. This compound demonstrates favorable Caco-2 permeability, low efflux ratio, and high microsomal stability, making it an advantageous tool for in vitro studies. PKM2 activator 3 is primarily utilized in cancer research, facilitating the investigation of metabolic pathways and potential therapeutic strategies targeting PKM2. -
PKR Activator
PKR Activator 4 is a potent activator of pyruvate kinase R (PKR), enhancing its enzymatic activity. This compound demonstrates key biological activity by stimulating glycolytic flux and ATP production, making it instrumental in studies related to energy metabolism and blood disorders. Researchers can utilize PKR Activator 4 to investigate its effects on cellular metabolism and the potential therapeutic implications for metabolic dysfunctions. -
Elk3 Inhibitor
Alkannin is a selective inhibitor of tumor-specific pyruvate kinase-M2 (PKM2), demonstrating potent activity without affecting PKM1 or pyruvate kinase-L (PKL). This compound has potential applications in cancer research, serving as a valuable tool for studying metabolic alterations in tumors and developing anticancer strategies. Alkannin's specificity for PKM2 highlights its utility in targeted therapeutic approaches in oncology.
