Catalog No.
Product Name
Application
Product Information
Citations
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Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitor
Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitor 4 is a selective inhibitor targeting human carbonic anhydrases (hCA I-XIV). With Ki values ranging from 640 to 1166 nM, it effectively modulates carbonic anhydrase activity. This compound is suitable for research applications involving enzyme inhibition studies and the investigation of physiological processes regulated by carbonic anhydrases. -
Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitor
hCAIX-IN-10 is a selective inhibitor of carbonic anhydrases IX and XII, exhibiting Ki values of 61.5 nM and 586.8 nM for hCA IX and hCA XII, respectively. As transmembrane isoforms, hCA IX and hCA XII are recognized as key biomarkers for various tumors. The inhibition of these enzymes is pivotal in research focused on tumor progression, acid-base balance, and potential therapeutic strategies targeting cancer metabolism. -
Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitor
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor 6 is a potent inhibitor of human carbonic anhydrases (hCAs), exhibiting Ki values of 9.7 nM for hCA IX, 35.2 nM for hCA II, 88.5 nM for hCA XII, and 91.8 nM for hCA I. This compound is valuable for research applications targeting hCA-related pathways in cancer, glaucoma, and other diseases where carbonic anhydrases play a crucial role in regulating pH and fluid balance. Its high specificity and potency make it an essential tool for biochemical investigations and drug development efforts focusing on hCA modulation. -
Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitor
Aminozolamide is a potent carbonic anhydrase inhibitor that plays a critical role in regulating intraocular pressure. By inhibiting carbonic anhydrase activity, Aminozolamide demonstrates effective local ocular effects and shows favorable retention within the ciliary body in rabbit models, reducing rapid elimination from the eye. This compound is applicable in the study of ocular hypertension and provides valuable insights into therapeutic interventions for managing elevated intraocular pressure. -
α-Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitor
CAI0019 is an orally active inhibitor of α-carbonic anhydrase, designed based on the Acetazolamide framework. It demonstrates narrow-spectrum antibiofilm activity, with a MIC50 of 0.094 μM and a MIC90 of 0.39 μM. In a septic peritonitis mouse model, CAI0019 selectively inhibits Enterococcus while sparing most intestinal commensal bacteria, making it a valuable tool for research into antimicrobial therapies and biofilm-associated infections. -
Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitor
Sezolamide is a potent inhibitor of carbonic anhydrase, primarily utilized for its ability to reduce intraocular pressure. Its mechanism of action involves the inhibition of carbonic anhydrase enzymes, which play a critical role in the regulation of bicarbonate and fluid balance in ocular tissues. This compound is valuable in research studies focused on glaucoma and other conditions associated with elevated intraocular pressure. -
Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitor
(E)-Dehydrodiconiferyl alcohol is a dual inhibitor of human carbonic anhydrases IX and XII. This compound demonstrates significant biological activity by inhibiting NF-κB nuclear translocation in the connective tissues of healing areas. Its unique mechanism supports research in cancer biology and therapeutic approaches for inflammatory conditions. -
β-Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitor
FC14-584B is a dithiocarbamate that serves as a β-Carbonic Anhydrase inhibitor. It effectively inhibits the growth of trophozoites and is applicable in research pertaining to tuberculosis. This compound may provide insights into the therapeutic approaches for diseases associated with dysregulated carbonic anhydrase activity. -
Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitor
L-645151 is a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor that demonstrates significant ocular penetration and hypotensive activity. This compound effectively reduces elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) in o-chymotripsinized rabbit eyes, making it a valuable tool for research into ocular hypotensive agents. Its mechanism supports investigations aimed at treating conditions associated with increased IOP. -
Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitor
(Rac)-Sezolamide is a potent carbonic anhydrase inhibitor (CAI) with a Ki value of 12.0 nM. It exhibits significant topical intraocular pressure (IOP) lowering effects, making it a valuable tool in the study of glaucoma and related ocular conditions. Researchers can utilize (Rac)-Sezolamide to explore pathways involved in IOP regulation and to develop therapeutic strategies for managing glaucoma. -
Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitor
Chloraminophenamide is a potent inhibitor of carbonic anhydrase, demonstrating Ki values of 75 nM for human carbonic anhydrase II (hCA II), 160 nM for bovine carbonic anhydrase IV (bCA IV), and 8400 nM for human carbonic anhydrase I (hCA I). This compound holds promise for antiglaucoma research, owing to its ability to modulate carbonic anhydrase activity, which plays a crucial role in ocular pressure regulation. Its specificity toward hCA II and bCA IV makes it a valuable tool for studying the therapeutic potential in ocular disorders. -
Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitor
Chlorthalidone Impurity G is identified as a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor. This compound exhibits moderate antihypertensive effects and is found as a potential impurity in commercial preparations of chlorthalidone. Its primary mechanism involves the inhibition of the Na+/Cl- cotransporter in the kidney's distal tubule, leading to reduced sodium and chloride reabsorption, which ultimately decreases plasma volume and cardiac output. Additionally, it primarily inhibits carbonic anhydrase isoenzymes CAVB, VII, IX, XII, and XIII, with K_i values ranging from 2.8 to 23 nM, thereby contributing to its vasodilatory properties. -
Carbonic anhydrase Inhibitor
N-Desethyl Brinzolamide oxalate is a potent inhibitor of carbonic anhydrase II and carbonic anhydrase IV, demonstrating IC50 values of 1.28 nM and 128 nM, respectively. This compound is valuable for research involving the regulation of bicarbonate and pH balance in physiological systems. It is commonly utilized in studies related to glaucoma treatment and other conditions influenced by carbonic anhydrase activity. -
Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitor
Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitor 22 is a sulfonamide compound that selectively inhibits carbonic anhydrases, with Ki values of 762 nM for hCA I, 20.3 nM for hCA II, 8.3 nM for hCA VII, 17.9 nM for hCA IX, and 10.5 nM for hCA XII. This compound's potent inhibition of multiple isoforms of carbonic anhydrase makes it valuable for studying biochemical pathways involving pH regulation and ion transport. It serves as a useful tool in research related to metabolic disorders, cancer, and other conditions where carbonic anhydrases play a critical role. -
Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitor
L-662583 is a selective inhibitor of carbonic anhydrase II, exhibiting a potent inhibitory effect with an IC50 value of 0.7 nM. This compound serves as a valuable tool for studying the role of carbonic anhydrases in physiological processes and disease models, particularly in conditions related to acid-base balance and fluid secretion. It is applicable in biochemical research and drug development targeting carbonic anhydrase-related pathways. -
Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitor
Indan-5-sulphonamide is a potent inhibitor of carbonic anhydrase, demonstrating Ki values of 0.039 nM for hCA XII, 6.5 nM for hCA XIV, and 5.1 nM for additional isoforms. This compound exhibits anticonvulsant properties and is valuable in research applications focused on enzyme inhibition and neurological studies. Its high selectivity and efficacy make it a key reagent for investigating the role of carbonic anhydrases in various biological processes. -
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor 19 is a potent inhibitor of the carbonic anhydrase isoforms hCA II and hCA XII, demonstrating inhibitory constants (Kis) of 9.4 nM and 6.7 nM, respectively. This compound exhibits significant biological activity by effectively lowering intraocular pressure (IOP), making it a valuable tool for research in glaucoma treatment and related ocular conditions. Its selective inhibition profile allows for the exploration of therapeutic strategies targeting carbonic anhydrases in various biological contexts. -
PPAR Modulator
RB394 is a potent dual soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) modulator. This compound promotes adipocyte browning and demonstrates significant cardioprotective effects. RB394 is an invaluable tool for researchers studying metabolic syndrome and related metabolic disorders. -
PPARγ Agonist
17-Oxo-4(Z),7(Z),10(Z),13(Z),15(E),19(Z)-docosahexaenoic acid is a PPARγ agonist that stimulates Nrf2-dependent antioxidant responses. This compound is a metabolite resulting from the lipoxygenase-mediated oxidation of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Its role in modulating PPARγ activity makes it relevant for research on metabolic diseases, inflammation, and antioxidant mechanisms. -
PPARγ Agonist
CAY10410 is a potent agonist of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ). This compound effectively activates PPARγ in human B cells, promoting biological responses associated with lipid metabolism and inflammation, without inducing cytotoxicity in B lymphocytes. CAY10410 is valuable for research applications focused on metabolic disorders, immune modulation, and the role of PPARγ in various disease states. -
PPARδ Agonist
LCI765 is a selective PPARδ agonist that demonstrates potent activity with an EC50 of 0.07 nM. This orally active compound is utilized in research focused on disorders related to energy homeostasis, including metabolic syndrome. It provides valuable insights into the pharmacological modulation of metabolic pathways and offers potential therapeutic avenues for related diseases. -
PPAR Agonist
Mesalamine impurity P is an impurity derivative of Mesalamine, a specific agonist of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ). This compound exhibits significant biological activity by inhibiting p21-activated kinase 1 (PAK1) and the nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB). It is utilized in research applications focusing on inflammatory bowel disease and metabolic disorders, contributing to the understanding of PPARγ modulation in therapeutic contexts. -
PPARα/γ agonist
KRP-297 is a dual agonist of PPARα and PPARγ, targeting pathways involved in energy metabolism and lipid homeostasis. This compound has demonstrated the ability to restore lipid oxidation, while inhibiting excessive lipogenesis and triglyceride accumulation in hepatic tissue. KRP-297 is useful for research applications related to type 2 diabetes and dyslipidemia, providing insights into the modulation of metabolic disorders. -
PPAR Agonist
KRP-101 is a selective PPARα agonist that modulates gene expression related to lipid metabolism. This compound significantly influences the regulation of genes such as apolipoprotein A-IV, which is implicated in the reduction of serum triglycerides and the elevation of HDL levels. KRP-101 is valuable for research focused on metabolic disorders and cardiovascular health. -
PPARγ Partial Agonist
GW0072 is a partial agonist of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), selectively inducing transcriptional activity without directly binding to the receptor's AF-2 helix. This unique mechanism allows for specific modulation of PPARγ activity and may influence pathways related to metabolism and inflammation. GW0072 is valuable for research investigating obesity, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome, as well as studying the broader roles of PPARγ in cellular regulation and differentiation. -
PPARα Ligand
(E/Z)-Oleamide is a potent ligand for the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα). This compound, derived from the plant Galium aparine L., plays a crucial role in modulating hippocampal plasticity through the transcriptional activation of cyclic AMP response element-binding protein (CREB). Its biological activities include the regulation of feeding and sexual behavior in rodent models, making it significant for research in neurobiology and metabolism. -
PPAR Agonist
LY-510929 is a potent PPAR agonist that regulates gene expression involved in lipid metabolism and glucose homeostasis. It has been shown to induce left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) under specific conditions, making it a valuable tool for research into cardiovascular diseases and metabolic disorders. This compound is utilized to investigate mechanisms of LVH and its associated biomarkers through various experimental techniques. -
PPARγ Agonist
DN-108 is a thiazolidinedione derivative that serves as an orally active agonist for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ). This compound exhibits notable antidiabetic properties, effectively improving hyperglycemia, hypertriglyceridemia, and hyperinsulinemia in diabetic mouse models. DN-108 enhances glucose uptake in tissues, such as increasing 2-deoxyglucose uptake in L6 muscle cells, and inhibits fatty acid synthase activity. This makes DN-108 a valuable tool for research focused on type 2 diabetes. -
PPARα Agonist
PPARα Agonist 1 is a potent and selective agonist of the human peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (hPPARα). This compound modulates lipid metabolism and glucose homeostasis, making it valuable for research in metabolic disorders, cardiovascular diseases, and obesity. Its ability to activate PPARα allows for exploration of therapeutic strategies targeting metabolic regulation and inflammation. -
PPARγ Agonist
VSP-77 is an orally active PPARγ agonist that enhances insulin sensitivity by inhibiting CDK5-mediated phosphorylation of PPARγ at Ser-273. This mechanism leads to the upregulation of key genes such as Glut4 and Adiponectin, which are crucial for glucose metabolism. In high-fat diet-induced diabetic mouse models, VSP-77 significantly improves glucose tolerance and lowers fasting blood glucose and insulin levels. It serves as a valuable reagent for studying diabetes and its associated metabolic pathways. -
PPAR Alpha Agonist
K-111 is a potent oral PPAR alpha agonist that demonstrates significant efficacy in enhancing insulin sensitivity, promoting weight loss, and improving atherogenic dyslipidemia. This compound is valuable for research applications focused on type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia, obesity, and metabolic syndrome. K-111's ability to modulate lipid metabolism and insulin resistance makes it an important tool for studying metabolic health and related disorders. -
PPARγ Activator
4,5-DiHDPA lactone is a PPARγ activator and a derivative of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). This compound has been shown to influence adipocyte differentiation and insulin sensitivity, making it valuable in metabolic research. Its ability to modulate PPARγ activity suggests potential applications in studying obesity and related metabolic disorders. -
PPAR Inhibitor
Timcodar is a selective PPAR inhibitor that effectively blocks adipogenic transcriptional regulators, specifically PPARγ and C/EBPα, thereby reducing fat accumulation. Its mechanism of action mirrors that of rapamycin but without inducing immunosuppression or glucose resistance. Timcodar's significant impact on adipogenesis may offer a promising therapeutic avenue for addressing obesity, a growing global health concern. This compound is ideally suited for research related to metabolic disorders and obesity treatment strategies. -
PPARγ Agonist
PPARγ Agonist 17 is a selective agonist of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ). It enhances PPARγ activity, leading to cell cycle arrest in the G2/M phase, inhibition of cell migration, and induction of apoptosis in HT-29 colorectal cancer cells. This compound exhibits a broad spectrum of anti-proliferative effects against cancer cells while demonstrating relatively low toxicity in normal cells. Additionally, it is important to note that PPARγ Agonist 17 does not cross the blood-brain barrier, making it suitable for specific research applications. -
PPARγ Inhibitor
PPARγ-IN-5 is a selective inhibitor of PPARγ, a key regulator of adipocyte differentiation and lipid metabolism. This compound effectively reduces lipid accumulation in hepatocytes, demonstrating minimal cytotoxicity at concentrations up to 400 µM in HepG2 cells. PPARγ-IN-5 is suitable for investigations into non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and related metabolic disorders. -
PPARγ Modulator
YGT-31 is a selective modulator of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) with an IC50 of 1.72 μM and a Ki of 0.62 μM. This compound has demonstrated the ability to lower blood glucose levels and enhance insulin sensitivity in db/db mouse models of type 2 diabetes by inhibiting CDK5-mediated phosphorylation at Ser273 of PPARγ. Additionally, YGT-31 exhibits protective effects against hepatic steatosis in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) models, highlighting its potential in metabolic disease research. -
PPARδ Agonist
PPARδ Agonist 9 is a potent agonist of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta (PPARδ), exhibiting an EC50 of 3.6 nM. This compound demonstrates significant in vivo efficacy, evidenced by its ability to lower serum levels of MCP-1 in murine models. Additionally, PPARδ Agonist 9 effectively inhibits the progression of atherosclerosis in the LDL receptor knockout mouse model, achieving an inhibition rate of 50-60%. This makes it a valuable tool for research into metabolic disorders and cardiovascular diseases. -
PPARγ Agonist
PPARγ Agonist 7 is a selective full agonist of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) with an EC50 value of 4.34 μM. This compound effectively stimulates adiponectin production in human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBM-MSCs), making it a valuable tool for research into metabolic disorders and adipocyte differentiation. Its potent activation of PPARγ pathways highlights its potential applications in studying obesity, diabetes, and related metabolic syndromes. -
PPARα/γ Agonist
PPARα/γ Agonist 2 is a potent oral activator of PPARα, functioning as a full agonist, and a partial agonist for PPARγ, with EC50 values of 0.95 μM and 0.91 μM, respectively. In addition to its dual agonistic activity, this compound serves as a PTP1B inhibitor, contributing to its role as an anti-diabetic agent. This reagent is essential for research into metabolic disorders, obesity, and type 2 diabetes, aiding in the exploration of therapeutic strategies targeting PPAR pathways. -
PPARδ Agonist
PPARδ Agonist 13 is a highly selective and potent agonist for the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta (PPARδ), demonstrating an EC50 of 0.50 nM. By binding to the PPARδ ligand-binding pocket, it effectively upregulates the expression of PPARδ target genes. This compound inhibits renal fibroblast activation, restores fatty acid oxidation, and mitigates TGF-β1-induced renal fibroblast activation, showcasing its anti-fibrotic effects in a mouse model of unilateral ureteral obstruction. PPARδ Agonist 13 serves as a valuable tool for investigating the mechanisms of renal fibrosis. -
PPARγ Modulator
PPARγ modulator-2 is a reversible modulator of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), targeting its ligand-binding domain with an IC50 of 41 nM. This compound demonstrates significant biological activity by reducing blood glucose levels and enhancing glucose and insulin tolerance. Its efficacy has been validated in db/db mouse models, highlighting its potential applications in diabetes research and metabolic disorders. -
PPARα/γ Dual Agonist
Chiglitazar sodium is a PPARα/γ dual agonist that exhibits EC50 values of 1.2 μM for PPARα, 0.08 μM for PPARγ, and 1.7 μM for PPARδ. This compound promotes the activation of both PPARα and PPARγ, making it relevant for studies focused on metabolic diseases and insulin sensitivity. Research applications include investigating the roles of PPAR receptors in lipid metabolism and glucose homeostasis. -
PPARα Agonist
Elaidyl-sulfamide is a PPARα agonist that plays a significant role in regulating metabolic processes. This compound has been shown to reduce body weight gain and food intake, while also lowering circulating cholesterol levels. Additionally, Elaidyl-sulfamide increases glucose and insulin levels, making it a valuable tool for research into the mechanisms underlying obesity-related disorders. -
PPARβ/δ Antagonist
PT-S58 is a PPARβ/δ antagonist exhibiting potent inhibitory activity with an IC50 value of 98 nM. This compound effectively blocks agonist-induced transcriptional activity of PPARβ/δ in vitro, making it a valuable tool for studying the functional roles of this receptor in various biological processes. Its application extends to research on metabolic disorders, inflammation, and cancer biology. -
PPAR-γ Agonistic Activities Compound
Lyciumamide A is a compound with agonistic activity towards the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ), exhibiting EC50 values ranging from 10.09 to 44.26 μM. Additionally, it demonstrates inhibitory action on dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-IV) with an IC50 value of 47.13 μM. This compound holds potential for research applications targeting metabolic disorders and glucose homeostasis, highlighting its relevance in diabetes and obesity studies. -
PPAR α/PPAR γ Activator
DRF-2519 free base is a dual activator of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPAR α) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR γ). This compound exhibits significant antidiabetic and hypolipidemic activities, making it valuable for research into metabolic disorders. Its dual action on PPARs positions it as a significant tool in studies related to glucose metabolism and lipid regulation. -
Endogenous Metabolite
Prostaglandin B3 (PGB3) is an endogenous metabolite belonging to the class of prostaglandins B and characterized as a secondary alcohol. PGB3 displays low affinity for human peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), with a Ki value exceeding 1 mM, which contrasts with the more potent affinities of PGB1 and PGB2. This compound can be utilized in research applications related to lipid metabolism and inflammation, providing insights into its role in various biological pathways. -
PPAR-α Agonist
Sitofibrate is a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPAR-α) agonist, derived from Clofibrate. This compound exhibits antihyperlipidemic properties, facilitating the reduction of lipid levels in the bloodstream. Sitofibrate is utilized in research applications focused on metabolic disorders, cardiovascular diseases, and underlying mechanisms of lipid metabolism. -
PPAR Agonist
Ketopioglitazone is a PPARγ agonist, serving as an active metabolite of the antidiabetic agent pioglitazone. It is primarily produced through the metabolism of pioglitazone by the cytochrome P450 isoform CYP2C8. Notably, ketopioglitazone has demonstrated efficacy in lowering blood glucose levels in a KKAy mouse model of type 2 diabetes, making it relevant for research into metabolic disorders and diabetes management. -
PPARγ Agonist
PPARγ Agonist 9 is a selective agonist of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ). This compound demonstrates significant biological activity by modulating PPARγ signaling pathways, which are critical in lipid metabolism and glucose homeostasis. It serves as a valuable tool in research applications focused on metabolic disorders, diabetes, and obesity-related studies.
