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Fig. 1 · Structure
Cat. No.
A10282
CAS No.
486-66-8
Formula
C15H10O4
Mol. Weight
254.24

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Daidzein

Cat. No. A10282 CAS 486-66-8
Daidzein structurally belongs to the group of isoflavones. Daidzein can be converted to its end metabolite S-equol in some humans based on the presence of certain intestinal bacteria. Based on several decades of research, S-equol has potential for significant health benefits.

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Publications for Daidzein

3 publications citing this product

  1. Gao X, .et al. , Toxins (Basel), 2020, Jan 26;12(2) PMID: 31991913
  2. Azuma T, .et al. , Environ Sci Pollut Res Int, 2017, Aug;24(23):19021-19030 PMID: 28660504
  3. Azuma T, .et al. , Sci Total Environ, 2016, Apr 1;548-549:189-197 PMID: 26802347
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Biological Activity

Bioactivity / Mechanism

Daidzein bound human ERα and ERβ in a competitive radiometric assay, with relative binding affinities of 0.003 ± 0.001% and 0.051 ± 0.02%, respectively (estradiol = 100%). The reported ERβ/ERα ratio was 17. These are relative binding measurements, not treatment doses. [1]

Literature-reported observations and conditions; not Adooq-tested protocols or general treatment recommendations.

Target & Activity

Target Activity Value
PPAR-α  
PPAR-γ  

In Vitro Studies

Daidzein stimulated growth in MCF-7 models. In a 5-day WST-1 assay, ERβ coexpression dampened the response seen with ERα alone. In an independent 72-hour study, 1 μg/mL daidzein increased MCF-7 growth but did not significantly change MDA-MB-231 growth. Responses depended on cell context and concentration. [1,2]

Relative binding to human estrogen receptors

Biochemical assay · Purified full-length human ERα and ERβ [1]

Low relative affinity, with reported 17-fold ERβ/ERα RBA ratio.

Measured endpoints — not treatment concentrations
EndpointReported resultReference
ERα relative binding affinityRBA (%) 0.003 ± 0.001[1]
ERβ relative binding affinityRBA (%) 0.051 ± 0.02[1]
ERβ/ERα RBA ratioβ/α 17[1]

Literature-Reported Treatment Conditions

Treatment concentration
Competitive titration; 2 nM [³H]-E2 tracer
Exposure duration
18–24 h
Method
Radiometric competition at 0°C; hydroxyapatite separation; E2 RBA=100%
Reported limits
Daidzein titration range and solvent not specified in acquired binding-method paragraph.
Methods and source locations

Compound reported in the paper: Daidzein; Compound label in the paper: Daidzein (aglycone)

Applies to reported material/model; no Adooq lot was tested.

Table 1, Daidzein row/footnote; Methods: Relative binding affinity assay and Ligands

ERα relative binding affinity: RBA=(IC50 E2/IC50 BE)×100. Methods: average ± range or SD of 2–3 independent determinations; row-specific assignment not provided. — Table 1, Daidzein row/footnote; Methods: Relative binding affinity assay and Ligands

ERβ relative binding affinity: Same assay and uncertainty convention as ERα. — Table 1, Daidzein row/footnote; Methods: Relative binding affinity assay and Ligands

ERβ/ERα RBA ratio: Reported RBA ratio; not an IC50 or treatment dose. — Table 1, Daidzein row/footnote; Methods: Relative binding affinity assay and Ligands

Receptor context modifies the proliferative response

Cell-based study · MCF-7: ERα alone or ERα plus experimentally introduced ERβ [1]

Higher concentrations stimulated ERα-only cells; ERβ coexpression dampened this. Text reports no ERα-only proliferation stimulation below 10 nM.

Measured endpoints — not treatment concentrations
EndpointReported resultReference
WST-1 proliferation signalQualitative response Higher concentrations stimulate ERα-only cells; attenuated with ERα+ERβ.[1]

Literature-Reported Treatment Conditions

Treatment concentration
Dose-response series extending to 1 μM
Exposure duration
5 days
Method
WST-1 absorbance at 450 nm; triplicate assays
Co-treatment
Daidzein alone; E2 was a separate comparator.
Reported limits
Solvent and independent biological experiment count not specified in Figure 6 caption/proliferation methods.
Methods and source locations

Compound reported in the paper: Daidzein; Compound label in the paper: Daidzein (aglycone)

Applies to reported material/model; no Adooq lot was tested.

Figure 6C (viewed) and caption; Results: BEs vary in their effectiveness; Methods: Cell proliferation assays and cell backgrounds

WST-1 proliferation signal: Indirect viability/proliferation readout; fold signal relative to baseline. No exact fold changes or EC50 inferred. Triplicate assays; replicate independence unspecified. — Figure 6C (viewed) and caption; Results: BEs vary in their effectiveness; Methods: Cell proliferation assays and cell backgrounds

Cell-line-dependent growth response

Cell-based study · Human MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells [2]

Daidzein increased MCF-7 growth but did not significantly change MDA-MB-231 growth.

Measured endpoints — not treatment concentrations
EndpointReported resultReference
MCF-7 growth versus vehicleQualitative response Increased (P<.0001).[2]
MDA-MB-231 growth versus vehicleQualitative response No significant change with daidzein alone.[2]

Literature-Reported Treatment Conditions

Treatment concentration
1 μg/mL
Exposure duration
72 h
Method
Sulforhodamine B cell-density assay
Vehicle
1% ethanol, matched control
Co-treatment
Daidzein alone; E2 at 5 μg/mL was a separate comparator.
Reported limits
Independent experiment/sample count not reported in acquired methods/Figure 7 caption.
Methods and source locations

Compound reported in the paper: Daidzein; Compound label in the paper: Daidzein (aglycone)

Applies to reported material/model; no Adooq lot was tested.

Figure 7A–B (viewed) and caption; Methods: Human breast cancer cell culture procedure, growth inhibition assay, Statistics

MCF-7 growth versus vehicle: Mean ± SEM; LSD test. No exact percentage inferred. — Figure 7A–B (viewed) and caption; Methods: Human breast cancer cell culture procedure, growth inhibition assay, Statistics

MDA-MB-231 growth versus vehicle: Same assay. E2 reduced growth (P<.01 versus control); daidzein differed from E2 (P<.05). No exact percentage inferred. — Figure 7A–B (viewed) and caption; Methods: Human breast cancer cell culture procedure, growth inhibition assay, Statistics

In Vivo Studies

In prepubertal female rats, a single 0.066 mg/kg subcutaneous daidzein pretreatment, given 1 hour before 0.33 mg/kg estradiol, enhanced estradiol-induced mitoses in uterine luminal and glandular epithelia at 24 hours. Daidzein alone increased glandular epithelial and myometrial mitoses. This acute combination experiment does not establish dietary exposure effects or clinical benefit. [2]

Daidzein modifies estradiol-induced uterine mitoses

Animal study · 21-day-old female Sprague–Dawley rats; 10 per experimental condition [2]

Daidzein alone increased glandular epithelial and myometrial mitoses; pretreatment enhanced E2-induced mitoses in luminal and glandular epithelia.

Measured endpoints — not treatment concentrations
EndpointReported resultReference
Mitoses in luminal epithelium, glandular epithelium and myometriumQualitative response Daidzein/E2 enhanced epithelial mitoses versus E2; daidzein alone increased glandular/myometrial mitoses.[2]

Conditions shared by the study groups

Route
Subcutaneous
Frequency
Single pretreatment; single E2/vehicle treatment 1 h later
Treatment course
Endpoint 24 h after second treatment
Vehicle
0.3 mL 1:9 ethanol/saline
Study groups and reported outcomes
Group / doseComparatorObserved resultReference
Vehicle then vehicle
No daidzein or E2		Baseline controlBaseline mitoses.[2]
Vehicle then E2
E2: 0.33 mg/kg body weight		Vehicle then vehicleE2 response used as 100% normalization reference.[2]
Daidzein then vehicle
Daidzein: 0.066 mg/kg body weight		Vehicle then vehicleIncreased glandular epithelial and myometrial mitoses; luminal increase not significant.[2]
Daidzein then E2
Daidzein: 0.066 mg/kg; E2: 0.33 mg/kg body weight		Vehicle then E2; daidzein then vehicleEnhanced luminal/glandular mitoses versus E2 alone; no potentiation over E2 alone marked in myometrium.[2]
Vehicle then vehicle
Model: 21-day-old female Sprague–Dawley rats; 10 per experimental condition
Vehicle then E2
Model: 21-day-old female Sprague–Dawley rats; 10 per experimental condition
Daidzein then vehicle
Model: 21-day-old female Sprague–Dawley rats; 10 per experimental condition
Daidzein then E2
Model: 21-day-old female Sprague–Dawley rats; 10 per experimental condition
Methods and source locations

Compound reported in the paper: Daidzein; Compound label in the paper: Daidzein (aglycone)

Applies to reported material/model; no Adooq lot was tested.

Figure 6A–C (viewed) and caption; Methods: Experimental animal procedures, Quantification of estrogenic responses, Statistics

Mitoses in luminal epithelium, glandular epithelium and myometrium: Mean ± SEM; vehicle response=0%, E2=100%. LSD test. No exact bar values inferred. — Figure 6A–C (viewed) and caption; Methods: Experimental animal procedures, Quantification of estrogenic responses, Statistics

Vehicle then vehicle · Figure 6A–C (viewed) and caption; Methods: Experimental animal procedures, Quantification of estrogenic responses, Statistics

Vehicle then E2 · Figure 6A–C (viewed) and caption; Methods: Experimental animal procedures, Quantification of estrogenic responses, Statistics

Daidzein then vehicle · Figure 6A–C (viewed) and caption; Methods: Experimental animal procedures, Quantification of estrogenic responses, Statistics

Daidzein then E2 · Figure 6A–C (viewed) and caption; Methods: Experimental animal procedures, Quantification of estrogenic responses, Statistics

Specifications

Manufacturer Adooq Bioscience
CAS Number 486-66-8
Formula C15H10O4
Molecular Weight 254.24
Synonyms 4',7-Dihydroxyisoflavone; Daidzeol; Isoaurostatin
SMILES
C1=CC(=CC=C1C2=COC3=C(C2=O)C=CC(=C3)O)O

Storage & Solubility

In Vitro Solubility

Reported Solubility

SolventReported Solubility
DMSO 45 mg/mL (176.99 mM)
Water Insoluble
Ethanol Insoluble

Preparing Stock Solutions

Stock preparation is unavailable for this product molecular weight.

Calculated stock concentrations do not establish solvent solubility. Refer to the reported solubility data for experimental guidance.

Storage

Store powder at -20°C, keep desiccated.
In powder form, the chemical is stable for 36 months.
In solution, store at -20°C and use within 1 month to prevent loss of potency. Aliquot to avoid multiple freeze/thaw cycles.

Research References

  1. [1] Jiang Y, Gong P, Madak-Erdogan Z, et al. Mechanisms enforcing the estrogen receptor β selectivity of botanical estrogens. FASEB J (2013). PMID: 23882126 DOI: 10.1096/fj.13-234617 Source material
  2. [2] Gaete L, Tchernitchin AN, Bustamante R, et al. Daidzein-estrogen interaction in the rat uterus and its effect on human breast cancer cell growth. J Med Food (2012). PMID: 23216111 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2011.0322 Source material

Publications

3 publications citing this product

  1. Gao X, .et al. , Toxins (Basel), 2020, Jan 26;12(2) PMID: 31991913
  2. Azuma T, .et al. , Environ Sci Pollut Res Int, 2017, Aug;24(23):19021-19030 PMID: 28660504
  3. Azuma T, .et al. , Sci Total Environ, 2016, Apr 1;548-549:189-197 PMID: 26802347

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