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Fig. 1 · Structure
Cat. No.
A10867
CAS No.
83-48-7
Formula
C29H48O
Mol. Weight
412.7

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Stigmasterol (Stigmasterin)

Stigmasterol, which is readily obtainable from soybean oil, can be transformed easily to progesterone and to other hormones.

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Biological Activity

Target & Activity

Target Activity Value
Human Endogenous Metabolite  

Cellular Effect

Cell Line Activity Value Description Reference
A549 IC50 10.36 μM Cytotoxicity against human A549 cells assessed as decrease in cell viability after 24 hrs by MTT assay 10.1039/C6MD00178E
A549 IC50 98.2 μM Cytotoxicity against human A549 cells after 1 hr by MTT assay [PMID: 18343122]
Calu-1 IC50 > 100 μM Inhibition of human Calu1 cell proliferation assessed as [3H]thymidine incorporation after 3 days by scintillation counting [PMID: 11374975]
DU-145 IC50 22.73 μM Cytotoxicity against human DU145 cells after 24 hrs by MTT assay [PMID: 22687747]
HeLa IC50 > 100 μM Inhibition of human HeLa cell proliferation assessed as [3H]thymidine incorporation after 3 days by scintillation counting [PMID: 11374975]
HeLa IC50 > 50 μM Cytotoxicity against human HeLa cells by MTT assay [PMID: 19388709]
HeLa IC50 12.21 μM Cytotoxicity against human HeLa cells assessed as decrease in cell viability after 24 hrs by MTT assay 10.1039/C6MD00178E
J774 IC50 > 242.3 μM Cytotoxicity against mouse J774 cells by alamar blue assay [PMID: 17637068]
K562 IC50 > 100 μM Inhibition of human K562 cell proliferation assessed as [3H]thymidine incorporation after 3 days by scintillation counting [PMID: 11374975]
K562 IC50 11.14 μM Cytotoxicity against human K562 cells after 24 hrs by MTT assay [PMID: 22687747]
KB ED50 > 4 μg/mL Cytotoxicity against human KB cells after 72 hrs [PMID: 9644061]
MCF7 IC50 21.43 μM Cytotoxicity against human MCF7 cells after 24 hrs by MTT assay [PMID: 22687747]
MDA-MB-231 IC50 564 μM Cytotoxicity against human MDA-MB-231 cells after 3 days by Celltiter-Glo assay [PMID: 28945373]
P388D1 IC50 > 50 μM Cytotoxicity against mouse P388D1 cells by MTT assay [PMID: 19388709]
PC-3 IC50 18.28 μM Cytotoxicity against human PC3 cells after 24 hrs by MTT assay [PMID: 22687747]
Raji IC50 > 100 μM Inhibition of human Raji cell proliferation assessed as [3H]thymidine incorporation after 3 days by scintillation counting [PMID: 11374975]
Vero IC50 > 100 μM Inhibition of african green monkey Vero cell proliferation assessed as [3H]thymidine incorporation after 3 days by scintillation counting [PMID: 11374975]
WISH IC50 > 100 μM Inhibition of human WISH cell proliferation assessed as [3H]thymidine incorporation after 3 days by scintillation counting [PMID: 11374975]

18 records · Scroll to view more

In Vitro Studies

Stigmasterol reduced cell viability in iPSCs-derived cardiomyocytes cultured in sterol-enriched medium. In HepG2 cells treated with Stigmasterol, blue nuclear fluorescence indicated DNA fragmentation. [1,2]

Literature-reported observations and conditions; not Adooq-tested protocols or general treatment recommendations.

Stigmasterol and cardiomyocyte viability

Cell-based study · iPSCs-derived cardiomyocytes (iCell Cardiomyocytes2) [1]

In iPSCs-derived cardiomyocytes cultured in sterol-enriched medium, Stigmasterol reduced cell viability.

Measured endpoints — not treatment concentrations
EndpointReported resultReference
Cell viabilityReported result Viability of iPSCs-derived cardiomyocytes was also reduced by stigmasterol[1]

Literature-Reported Treatment Conditions

Exposure duration
3 days and e 7 days
Method
cultured in medium enriched with various concentration of sterols
Reported limits
Not stated in the sentences used: dose, vehicle, control.
Methods and source locations

Compound reported in the paper: Stigmasterol

Literature evidence for the named compound in the stated model; no Adooq product-use or lot-performance claim.

Results > Sterol effects on cell viability (S70); Methods > Cell lines (S83); Methods > In vitro cell proliferation assay (S115); Fig. 6 legend (S151)

Cell viability: Cell viability — Results > Sterol effects on cell viability (S70); Fig. 6 legend (S151)

Stigmasterol and DNA fragmentation in HepG2 cells

Cell-based study · HepG2 cells [2]

In HepG2 cells treated with Stigmasterol, fluorescence micrographs showed blue nuclear fluorescence indicating DNA fragmentation.

Measured endpoints — not treatment concentrations
EndpointReported resultReference
Fluorescence micrographs showing the stigmasterol induced DNA damageReported result The blue fluorescence in the nucleus indicates DNA fragmentation.[2]

Literature-Reported Treatment Conditions

Method
treated with stigmasterol
Reported limits
Not stated in the sentences used: dose, schedule, vehicle, control.
Methods and source locations

Compound reported in the paper: Stigmasterol

Literature evidence for the named compound in the stated model; no Adooq product-use or lot-performance claim.

MATERIALS AND METHODS > Morphological changes, Hoechst 33342 staining and cell counting by flow cytometry (S26, S28); Fig. 2. legend (S65, S66, S67)

Fluorescence micrographs showing the stigmasterol induced DNA damage: Fluorescence micrographs showing the stigmasterol induced DNA damage — Fig. 2. legend (S65, S67)

In Vivo Studies

In Swiss albino mice with skin carcinoma, oral Stigmasterol was evaluated alongside DMBA and croton oil. The Stigmasterol groups had smaller tumors and fewer papillomas than the water, DMBA and croton oil control group. [3]

Stigmasterol and tumor size in skin carcinoma

Animal study · Swiss albino mice (n=10 per group); skin carcinoma [3]

Swiss albino mice with skin carcinoma received oral Stigmasterol alongside DMBA and croton oil. Tumor sizes were 1.00±0.37 mm at 200 mg/kg and 0.93±0.24 mm at 400 mg/kg, compared with 2.06±0.37 mm in the water, DMBA and croton oil control group.

Measured endpoints — not treatment concentrations
EndpointReported resultReference
Tumor size (mm)Tumor size 200 mg/kg: 1.00±0.37 mm; 400 mg/kg: 0.93±0.24 mm[3]

Conditions shared by the study groups

Route
orally
Treatment course
After the single dose of DMBA; three times a week for 16 weeks; application of 1% croton oil onto the skin 1 hour after exposure to stigmasterol
Study groups and reported outcomes
Group / doseComparatorObserved resultReference
Stigmasterol 200 and 400 mg/kg bodyweightGroup 2 (water + DMBA + croton oil)Group 3 (water + stigmasterol 200 mg/kg + DMBA + croton oil): 1.00±0.37 mm; Group 4 (water + stigmasterol 400 mg/kg + DMBA + croton oil): 0.93±0.24 mm; Group 2 (water + DMBA + croton oil): 2.06±0.37 mm[3]
Stigmasterol 200 and 400 mg/kg bodyweight
Model: Swiss albino mice (n=10 per group); skin carcinoma
Reported limits: Not stated in the sentences used: vehicle.
Methods and source locations

Compound reported in the paper: Stigmasterol

Literature evidence for the named compound in the stated model; no Adooq product-use or lot-performance claim.

Materials and methods > Exposure of stigmasterol on DMBA croton oil induced skin carcinoma (S25, S28, S29); Figure 2 legend (S80, S81, S82); Table 1 legend (S99); Table 1 (T1.h1, T1.r2, T1.r3, T1.r4)

Tumor size (mm): Tumor size (mm); comparator: Group 2 (water + DMBA + croton oil) — Figure 2 legend (S80, S81, S82); Table 1 (T1.h1, T1.r2, T1.r3, T1.r4)

Stigmasterol 200 and 400 mg/kg bodyweight · Materials and methods > Exposure of stigmasterol on DMBA croton oil induced skin carcinoma (S29); Figure 2 legend (S80, S81, S82); Table 1 (T1.h1, T1.r2, T1.r3, T1.r4)

Stigmasterol and papilloma counts in skin carcinoma

Animal study · Swiss albino mice (n=10 per group); skin carcinoma [3]

Swiss albino mice with skin carcinoma received oral Stigmasterol alongside DMBA and croton oil. Papilloma counts were 3.83±0.53 at 200 mg/kg and 1.50±1.07 at 400 mg/kg, compared with 10.16±5.03 in the water, DMBA and croton oil control group.

Measured endpoints — not treatment concentrations
EndpointReported resultReference
Papillomas (n)Reported result Papillomas (n): Group 3 (water + stigmasterol 200 mg/kg + DMBA + croton oil): 3.83±0.53; Group 4 (water + stigmasterol 400 mg/kg + DMBA + croton oil): 1.50±1.07; Group 2 (water + DMBA + croton oil): 10.16±5.03[3]

Conditions shared by the study groups

Route
orally
Treatment course
After the single dose of DMBA; three times a week for 16 weeks; application of 1% croton oil onto the skin 1 hour after exposure to stigmasterol
Study groups and reported outcomes
Group / doseComparatorObserved resultReference
Stigmasterol 200 and 400 mg/kg bodyweightGroup 2 (water + DMBA + croton oil)Papillomas (n): Group 3 (water + stigmasterol 200 mg/kg + DMBA + croton oil): 3.83±0.53; Group 4 (water + stigmasterol 400 mg/kg + DMBA + croton oil): 1.50±1.07; Group 2 (water + DMBA + croton oil): 10.16±5.03[3]
Stigmasterol 200 and 400 mg/kg bodyweight
Model: Swiss albino mice (n=10 per group); skin carcinoma
Reported limits: Not stated in the sentences used: vehicle. Removed after verification: value.
Methods and source locations

Compound reported in the paper: Stigmasterol

Literature evidence for the named compound in the stated model; no Adooq product-use or lot-performance claim.

Materials and methods > Exposure of stigmasterol on DMBA croton oil induced skin carcinoma (S25, S28, S29); Figure 2 legend (S80, S81, S82); Table 1 legend (S99); Table 1 (T1.h1, T1.r2, T1.r3, T1.r4)

Papillomas (n): Papillomas (n); comparator: Group 2 (water + DMBA + croton oil) — Figure 2 legend (S80, S81, S82); Table 1 (T1.h1, T1.r2, T1.r3, T1.r4)

Stigmasterol 200 and 400 mg/kg bodyweight · Materials and methods > Exposure of stigmasterol on DMBA croton oil induced skin carcinoma (S29); Figure 2 legend (S80, S81, S82); Table 1 (T1.h1, T1.r2, T1.r3, T1.r4)

Specifications

Manufacturer Adooq Bioscience
CAS Number 83-48-7
Formula C29H48O
Molecular Weight 412.7
Synonyms Stigmasterin; Beta-Stigmasterol
SMILES
CC[C@H](/C=C/[C@@H](C)[C@H]1CC[C@@H]2[C@@]1(CC[C@H]3[C@H]2CC=C4[C@@]3(CC[C@@H](C4)O)C)C)C(C)C

Storage & Solubility

In Vitro Solubility

Reported Solubility

SolventReported Solubility
DMSO Insoluble
Water Insoluble
Ethanol Warmed: 2 mg/mL (4.84 mM)

Preparing Stock Solutions

Stock preparation is unavailable for this product molecular weight.

Calculated stock concentrations do not establish solvent solubility. Refer to the reported solubility data for experimental guidance.

Storage

Store powder at -20°C, keep desiccated.
In powder form, the chemical is stable for 36 months.
In solution, store at -20°C and use within 1 month to prevent loss of potency. Aliquot to avoid multiple freeze/thaw cycles.

Research References

  1. [1] Tao C, Shkumatov AA, Alexander ST, et al. Stigmasterol accumulation causes cardiac injury and promotes mortality. Commun Biol (2019). PMID: 30675518 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-018-0245-x Source material
  2. [2] Kim YS, Li XF, Kang KH, et al. Stigmasterol isolated from marine microalgae Navicula incerta induces apoptosis in human hepatoma HepG2 cells. BMB Rep (2014). PMID: 24286323 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2014.47.8.153 Source material
  3. [3] Ali H, Dixit S, Ali D, et al. Isolation and evaluation of anticancer efficacy of stigmasterol in a mouse model of DMBA-induced skin carcinoma. Drug Des Devel Ther (2015). PMID: 26060396 DOI: 10.2147/DDDT.S83514 Source material

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