Metabolism

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  1. α-amino acid

    L-Citrulline is an amino acid derived from ornithine in the catabolism of proline or glutamine and glutamate, or from l-arginine via arginine-citrulline pathway.
  2. L-lysine hydrochloride is an essential amino acid for humans with various benefits including treating herpes, increasing calcium absorption, reducing diabetes-related illnesses and improving gut health.
  3. non-essential amino acid

    DL-Glutamine (Glutamin, 2-amino-4-carbamoylbutanoic acid) is a non-essential amino acid present abundantly throughout the body and is involved in many metabolic processes.
  4. cancer chemopreventive agent

    L-SelenoMethionine, an L-isomer of Selenomethionine, is a major natural food-form of selenium. L-SelenoMethionin is a cancer chemopreventive agent that can reduce cancer incidence by dietary supplementation and induce apoptosis of cancer cells.
  5. L-Asparagine is a non-essential amino acid that is involved in the metabolic control of cell functions in nerve and brain tissue.
  6. Creatine is an amino acid that occurs in vertebrate tissues and in urine. In muscle tissue, creatine generally occurs as phosphocreatine. Creatine is excreted as CREATININE in the urine.
  7. Alanine is a non-essential amino acid that occurs in high levels in its free state in plasma. It is produced from pyruvate by transamination. It is involved in sugar and acid metabolism, increases IMMUNITY, and provides energy for muscle tissue, BRAIN, and the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.
  8. neurotransmitter

    Aspartic acid is one of the non-essential amino acids commonly occurring in the L-form. It is found in animals and plants, especially in sugar cane and sugar beets. It may be a neurotransmitter.
  9. Methionine is a sulfur-containing essential L-amino acid that is important in many body functions.
  10. Cysteine is a thiol-containing non-essential amino acid that is oxidized to form CYSTINE.
  11. chelating agent

    Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid trisodium salt (EDTA trisodium salt) is used to bind metal ions in the practice of chelation therapy, for treating mercury and lead poisoning, used in a similar manner to remove excess iron from the body, for treating the complication of repeated blood transfusions, as would be applied to treat thalassaemia.
  12. factor Xa (FXa) inhibitor

    Edoxaban(DU-176) is an oral factor Xa (FXa) inhibitor in clinical development for stroke prevention.
  13. PDE5 inhibitor

    Lodenafil is a potent phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitor for the treatment of erectile dysfunction (ED).
  14. MAO-A inhibitor

    Toloxatone (MD 69276) is a reversible monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) inhibitor. Antidepressant.
  15. PDE-5 inhibitor

    Mirodenafil dihydrochloride (SK3530 dihydrochloride) is a phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE-5) inhibitor developed for the treatment of erectile dysfunction.
  16. Eicosapentaenoic Acid (EPA; Timnodonic acid) is an omega-3 fatty acid.
  17. Citicoline is a neuroprotective agent. It acts by enhancing cellular communication, stimulating the synthesis of SAMe, and increasing glucose metabolism.
  18. thromboxane A2 (TXA2) receptor (TP receptor) antagonist

    Seratrodast is a thromboxane A2 (TXA2) receptor (TP receptor) antagonist used primarily in the treatment of asthma.
  19. MAO inhibitor

    Iproniazid phosphate is an irreversible inhibitor of monoamine oxidase types A and B that is used as an antidepressive agent. It has also been used as an antitubercular agent, but its use is limited by its toxicity.
  20. neurotropic agent

    Pyrithioxine HCl is a neurotropic agent which reduces permeability of blood-brain barrier to phosphate. It has no vitamin B6 activity.
  21. Undecylenic acid is a fatty acid with a terminal double bond. Undecylenic acid is an active ingredient in medications for skin infections, and to relieve itching, burning, and irritation associated with skin problems.
  22. Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide Disodium is a redox cofactor, more specifically a prosthetic group of a protein, involved in several important enzymatic reactions in metabolism.
  23. PDE3 inhibitor

    Fosphenytoin Sodium is the sodium salt form of fosphenytoin, a prodrug that is hydrolyzed to the anticonvulsant phenytoin. It is an PDE3 (phosphodiesterase 3) inhibitor.
  24. Tricaprilin, also known as Glyceryl trioctanoate, is a triglyceride drug candidate.
  25. Sodium deoxycholate is a bile acid formed by bacterial action from cholate. It is usually conjugated with glycine or taurine. Deoxycholic acid acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for intestinal absorption, is reabsorbed itself, and is used as a choleretic and detergent.
  26. Nifurtimox, an antiprotozoal agent, which is generally used for the treatment of infections with Trypanosoma cruzi, has been used in the therapy of neuroblastoma. Nifurtimox affects enzyme activity of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH).
  27. Polaprezinc is an orally bioavailable chelate composed of zinc and L-carnosine, with potential gastroprotective, anti-oxidant, anti-ulcer and anti-inflammatory activities. Upon administration, polaprezinc increases the expression of various anti-oxidant enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD-1), SOD-2, heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), glutathione S-transferase (GST), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-px), peroxidredoxin-1 (PRDX1; PRXI) and PRXD5 (PRXV) in the gastric mucosa, which protect cells against reactive oxygen species (ROS).
  28. Acenocoumarol is a coumarin that is used as an anticoagulant. Its actions and uses are similar to those of Warfarin. As a vitamin K antagonist, acenocoumarol inhibits vitamin K epoxide reductase, thereby inhibiting the reduction of vitamin K and the availability of vitamin KH2. This prevents gamma carboxylation of glutamic acid residues near the N-terminals of the vitamin K-dependent clotting factors, including factor II, VII, IX, and X and anticoagulant proteins C and S. This prevents their activity, preventing thrombin formation.
  29. Dichlorisone acetate is a Glucocorticoid.
  30. PTK inhibitor

    ST271 is a potent inhibitor of protein tyrosine kinase (PTK), inhibits phospholipase D activation stimulated by fMet-Leu-Phe and PAF, with IC50s of 6.7 and 9 μM, respectively.
  31. 12-Lipoxygenase (12-LOX) inhibitor

    ML355 is a potent and selective inhibitor of 12-Lipoxygenase (12-LOX) with an IC50 of 0.34 μM, shows excellent selectivity over related lipoxygenases and cyclooxygenases, and possesses favorable ADME properties.
  32. liver x receptor (LXR) modulator

    Rovazolac is a liver x receptor (LXR) modulator extracted from patent WO2013130892A1.
  33. Bcl-2 Family activator

    (E)-Ferulic acid is a isomer of Ferulic acid which is an aromatic compound, abundant in plant cell walls. (E)-Ferulic acid shows a potent ability to remove reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inhibits lipid peroxidation. (E)-Ferulic acid exerts both anti-proliferation and anti-migration effects in the human lung cancer cell line H1299.
  34. ATP-competitive STK19 inhibitor

    ZT-12-037-01 is a potent, selective, ATP-competitive STK19 inhibitor. ZT-12-037-01 effectively blocks oncogenic NRAS-driven melanocyte malignant transformation and melanoma growth in vitro and in vivo.
  35. (R)-Pantetheine is the biosynthetic precursor to CoA. (R)-Pantetheine and its corresponding disulfide pantethine, play a key role in metabolism as a building block of coenzyme A (CoA).
  36. 6-?Thioinosine (6TI) is a purine antimetabolite, acts as an anti-adipogenesis agent, downregulates mRNA levels of PPAR γ and C/EBPα, as well as PPAR γ target protein such as LPL, CD36, aP2, and LXRα.
  37. IDH1 inhibitor

    DH1 Inhibitor 2 is a potent IDH1 inhibitor via a direct covalent modification of His315, with an IC50 of 110 nM.
  38. Phortress, also known as NSC-710305 and 5F-DF-203-L-lysinamide, is a P450 CYP1A1-activated antitumor prodrug with antitumor activity. Phortress free base leads to DNA damage and cell cycle arrest.
  39. PDE5 inhibitor

    TPN171 is potent PDE5 inhibitor with subnanomolar potency for PDE5 and good selectivity over PDE6.
  40. GLUT4 translocation activator

    D927 (GLUT4 activator 1, DS11252927) is a potent glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT4) translocation activator with an EC50 of 0.14 μM.

  41. β-cyano-L-Alanine (Beta-cyano-l-alanine), a nitrile of widespread occurrence in higher plants, is enzymatically produced by cyanoalanine synthase from cyanide and cysteine as substrates. β-cyano-L-Alanine abolishes the protective effect of ethanol on cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury.
  42. fXIa inhibitor

    FXIa-IN-1 (compound EP-7041) is a potent β-lactam covalent heparin-derived factor XIa (fXIa) inhibitor.
  43. dual PDE7/GSK-3 inhibitor

    VP3.15 is a potent, orally bioavailable and CNS-penetrant dual phosphodiesterase (PDE)7- glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)3 inhibitor, with IC50s of 1.59 μM and 0.88 μM for PDE7 and GSK-3, respectively. VP3.15 has neuroprotective and neuroreparative activities, thus as potential combined anti-inflammatory and pro-remyelinating therapies for multiple sclerosis (MS).
  44. 4'-Methoxychalcone regulates adipocyte differentiation through PPARγ activation. 4'-Methoxychalcone modulates the expression and secretion of various adipokines in adipose tissue that are involved in insulin sensitivity.
  45. PPARγ and CB2 receptor dual agonist

    VCE-004.8, a semi-synthetic multitarget cannabinoquinoid, is a specific PPARγ and CB2 receptor dual agonist with potent anti-inflammatory activity.
  46. 16-Dehydroprogesterone is a steroidal progestin.
  47. IDO/TDO dual inhibitor

    IDO/TDO-IN-1 is a highly potent and orally active dual indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) and tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (TDO) inhibitor with IC50s of 9.7 and 47 nM, respectively .
  48. EMT inhibitor

    EMT inhibitor-2 inhibits epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) induced by substances such as IL-1β and TGF-β released from the immunocytes. EMT inhibitor-2 inhibits CYP3A4 testosteron and CYP2C9 with IC50s of 49.72 and 5.54 μM, respectively.
  49. Hsp47 inhibitor

    Col003 is a potent inhibitor of Hsp47, competitively binds to the collagen binding site on Hsp47 (IC50, 1.8 μM), and inhibits collagen secretion by destabilizing the collagen triple helix.
  50. Taurodeoxycholate sodium salt is a bile salt-related anionic detergent used for isolation of membrane proteins including inner mitochondrial membrane proteins. Taurodeoxycholate (TDCA) inhibits various inflammatory responses.

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