ROCK

Rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK) inhibitors act on ROCK1 and ROCK2, effectors of the small G protein Rho. Active Rho binds ROCK, which phosphorylates myosin light chain phosphatase and other substrates of the actin cytoskeleton. The resulting actomyosin contraction drives stress fiber formation, cell migration and smooth muscle tone. A 1997 study with Y-27632 linked ROCK to calcium sensitization of smooth muscle contraction in hypertensive rat models. In 2007 Y-27632 was shown to permit survival of dissociated human embryonic stem cells, and it remains common in stem cell culture. Fasudil HCl, ripasudil and thiazovivin are further ROCK inhibitors in this list.

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