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Amylase compounds include the starch-digesting enzyme, oligosaccharide substrates and glycosidase inhibitors. Alpha-amylases cleave internal α-1,4-glycosidic bonds of starch and glycogen and release maltose and short dextrins. Salivary and pancreatic amylases start starch digestion, and the structure of human salivary amylase was solved at 1.6 Å resolution in 1996. In 2007, copy number of the salivary amylase gene (AMY1) was found to be higher in populations with high-starch diets. The list holds the enzyme itself as Amylase and the defined substrate maltotetraose for activity assays. Deoxynojirimycin, an iminosugar that inhibits glucosidases I and II, represents the glycosidase inhibitors. Other entries are mixed, such as proglumide sodium salt and the stilbene gnetol.
