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Phospholipase inhibitors target enzymes that hydrolyze membrane phospholipids into lipid messengers. Phospholipase A2 (PLA2) enzymes release arachidonic acid, the precursor of prostaglandins and leukotrienes. A cytosolic PLA2 that prefers arachidonic acid was cloned in 1991 and carries a calcium-dependent membrane-binding domain. Phospholipase C (PLC) instead produces inositol trisphosphate and diacylglycerol, two second messengers of receptor signaling. U 73122 was characterized in 1990 as an inhibitor of receptor-coupled, PLC-dependent responses in platelets and neutrophils. D609 is used as an inhibitor of the phosphatidylcholine-specific form of PLC. Varespladib targets secreted PLA2 enzymes, and tanshinone I, a diterpenoid from Salvia miltiorrhiza, is described as a PLA2 inhibitor.
(S)-Albuterol is a selective muscarinic receptor agonist that acts as a phospholipase C activator. It is known to elevate intracellular free calcium levels in airway smooth muscle, enhancing muscle contraction. This compound is widely utilized in research applications focusing on airway physiology and the mechanisms underlying bronchoconstriction.
