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DNA stains are fluorescent dyes that bind double-stranded DNA to label cell nuclei and chromatin. The listed products are mainly bisbenzimide dyes of the Hoechst family, which bind the minor groove of DNA at adenine-thymine (A-T) rich sequences. Bound dye fluoresces blue under ultraviolet excitation, so nuclei stand out clearly against the surrounding cytoplasm. Hoechst dyes stain both fixed and living cells without permeabilization. They serve as nuclear counterstains in fluorescence microscopy and as DNA content probes in cell cycle analysis. Condensed, brightly stained chromatin also helps to identify apoptotic nuclei. Hoechst 33258 trihydrochloride is the parent dye, listed with the related bisbenzimide HOE 33187 and related compounds such as Hoechst 33258 analog.
