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Phospholipids, mainly glycerophospholipids, form cell membrane bilayers and give rise to lipid signaling mediators. Each glycerophospholipid carries fatty acyl or ether-linked chains on a glycerol backbone and a phosphate-containing head group. Egg phosphatidylcholines, a natural mixture of phosphatidylcholine species, are commonly used to prepare model membranes and vesicles. sn-Glycero-3-phosphocholine is the deacylated backbone of phosphatidylcholine and a water-soluble metabolite of choline metabolism. Oxidized phospholipids such as POVPC arise when polyunsaturated acyl chains in membranes and lipoproteins are oxidized. 2-O-Methyl PAF C-16 is an ether lipid analog of platelet-activating factor (PAF). A few compounds, such as the nucleotide 5-PA-dUTP, are phosphate-containing reagents rather than phospholipids.
