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Fig. 1 · Structure
Cat. No.
A10647
CAS No.
55981-09-4
Formula
C12H9N3O5S
Mol. Weight
307.28

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Nitazoxanide

Anthelmintic Agent

Nitazoxanide is an anthelmintic agent known for its broad-spectrum efficacy against a variety of helminths, protozoa, and enteric bacteria in both animals and humans. It effectively inhibits the proliferation of Giardia lamblia trophozoites in axenic culture, with an IC50 value of 2.4 μM. This compound is valuable for research applications focused on parasitic gastroenteritis and demonstrates antiviral activity against the Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) in murine models.

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In Vitro Studies

In Vero-E6 cells, Nitazoxanide produced plaque formation reductions of 11%, 11%, 1% and 0% at 10.4 µM, 5.2 µM, 2.6 µM and 1.302 µM, respectively, compared with untreated cells directly infected with NRC-03-nhCoV. In HepG2 cells, Nitazoxanide and tizoxanide slightly reduced viability at 5 to 25 μmol/L, as evaluated by MTT assay. [1,2]

Literature-reported observations and conditions; not Adooq-tested protocols or general treatment recommendations.

Plaque formation in infected Vero-E6 cells

Cell-based study · Vero-E6 cells [1]

Nitazoxanide was co-incubated with Vero-E6 cells at 10.4 µM, 5.2 µM, 2.6 µM and 1.302 µM. Plaque formation reductions were 11%, 11%, 1% and 0%, respectively, compared with untreated Vero-E6 cells directly infected with NRC-03-nhCoV.

Measured endpoints — not treatment concentrations
EndpointReported resultReference
percentage reduction in plaque formationViral Adsorption 11%; 11%; 1%; 0%[1]

Literature-Reported Treatment Conditions

Treatment concentration
10.4 µM; 5.2 µM; 2.6 µM; 1.302 µM
Exposure duration
2 h at 4 °C
Method
co-incubated with the cells
Vehicle
medium without supplements
Co-treatment
Other interventions in this design: SARS-CoV-2 virus 104 PFU/well. Compound effect isolated by the comparison: compared to control wells, which comprised untreated Vero-E6 cells directly infected with NRC-03-nhCoV.
Methods and source locations

Compound reported in the paper: Nitazoxanide

Literature evidence for the named compound in the stated model; no Adooq product-use or lot-performance claim.

4. Materials and Methods > 4.3. Plaque Infectivity Assay (S99); 4. Materials and Methods > 4.7. Mechanism of Action(s) (S119); 4. Materials and Methods > 4.7. Mechanism of Action(s) > 4.7.1. Viral Adsorption Mechanism (S121, S122, S124, S126); Table 2 (T2.h1, T2.h2, T2.r9, T2.r10, T2.r11, T2.r12)

percentage reduction in plaque formation: percentage reduction in plaque formation; comparator: untreated Vero-E6 cells directly infected with NRC-03-nhCoV — 4. Materials and Methods > 4.7. Mechanism of Action(s) > 4.7.1. Viral Adsorption Mechanism (S126); Table 2 (T2.h2, T2.r9, T2.r10, T2.r11, T2.r12)

Cell viability in HepG2 cultures

Cell-based study · HepG2 cells [2]

HepG2 cells were exposed to Nitazoxanide at 5 to 25 μmol/L for 24 h. Nitazoxanide and tizoxanide slightly reduced cell viability across this concentration range, as evaluated by MTT assay.

Measured endpoints — not treatment concentrations
EndpointReported resultReference
cell viability of HepG2 cellsReported result Nitazoxanide and tizoxanide slightly reduced the cell viability of HepG2 cells at the concentrations ranged from 5 to 25 μmol/L as evaluated by MTT assay[2]

Literature-Reported Treatment Conditions

Treatment concentration
5 to 25 μmol/L
Exposure duration
24 h
Method
exposed
Reported limits
Not stated in the sentences used: vehicle, control.
Methods and source locations

Compound reported in the paper: Nitazoxanide

Literature evidence for the named compound in the stated model; no Adooq product-use or lot-performance claim.

Materials and methods > Cell viability (S27, S28); Results > Cytotoxicity of nitazoxanide and tizoxanide in HepG2 cells in vitro (S132)

cell viability of HepG2 cells: cell viability of HepG2 cells — Results > Cytotoxicity of nitazoxanide and tizoxanide in HepG2 cells in vitro (S132)

In Vivo Studies

In hamsters with HFD-induced hyperlipidemia and hepatic steatosis, Nitazoxanide reduced the HFD-induced increase in liver total cholesterol and triglyceride content when HFD and HFD plus nitazoxanide groups were compared. In zebrafish embryos exposed to Nitazoxanide at 50 or 12.5 μM for 7 days, the study reported that neither compound negatively affected survival. [2,3]

Hepatic lipid content in hyperlipidemic hamsters

Animal study · hyperlipidemia and hepatic steatosis model in hamsters fed with HFD for 25 days [2]

Hamsters with HFD-induced hyperlipidemia and hepatic steatosis received Nitazoxanide at 100 mg/kg/day i.g. for a further 25 days. Comparing HFD and HFD plus nitazoxanide groups, treatment reduced the HFD-induced increase in liver total cholesterol and triglyceride content.

Measured endpoints — not treatment concentrations
EndpointReported resultReference
total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG) content in liver tissuesReported result reduced the HFD-induced increase of liver TC and TG content[2]

Conditions shared by the study groups

Route
i.g.
Treatment course
for further 25 days
Study groups and reported outcomes
Group / doseComparatorObserved resultReference
Nitazoxanide 100 mg/kg/daysolvent (control)reduced the HFD-induced increase of liver TC and TG content[2]
Nitazoxanide 100 mg/kg/day
Model: hyperlipidemia and hepatic steatosis model in hamsters fed with HFD for 25 days
Reported limits: Not stated in the sentences used: vehicle.
Methods and source locations

Compound reported in the paper: Nitazoxanide

Literature evidence for the named compound in the stated model; no Adooq product-use or lot-performance claim.

Results > Gavage administration of nitazoxanide reverses high-fat diet (HFD)-induced hyperlipidemia and hepatic steatosis in hamsters (S193, S203, S204, S207, S213)

total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG) content in liver tissues: total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG) content in liver tissues; comparator: solvent (control) — Results > Gavage administration of nitazoxanide reverses high-fat diet (HFD)-induced hyperlipidemia and hepatic steatosis in hamsters (S207, S213)

Nitazoxanide 100 mg/kg/day · Results > Gavage administration of nitazoxanide reverses high-fat diet (HFD)-induced hyperlipidemia and hepatic steatosis in hamsters (S204, S207)

Survival in zebrafish embryos

Animal study · zebrafish embryos [3]

Zebrafish embryos were exposed to Nitazoxanide at 50 or 12.5 μM for 7 days. The study reported that neither compound negatively affected survival.

Measured endpoints — not treatment concentrations
EndpointReported resultReference
survivalReported result neither compound was found to negatively affect survival[3]

Conditions shared by the study groups

Route
each well contained 1 ml of test solution
Treatment course
7 days
Study groups and reported outcomes
Group / doseComparatorObserved resultReference
Nitazoxanide 50 or 12.5 μMcontrol groupneither compound was found to negatively affect survival[3]
Nitazoxanide 50 or 12.5 μM
Model: zebrafish embryos
Reported limits: Not stated in the sentences used: vehicle.
Methods and source locations

Compound reported in the paper: Nitazoxanide

Literature evidence for the named compound in the stated model; no Adooq product-use or lot-performance claim.

Materials and methods > In-vivo zebrafish assays for toxicity testing (S47, S48, S49); Results > Compound screening and anti-CHIKV effects of candidate drugs (S94)

survival: survival; comparator: control group — Results > Compound screening and anti-CHIKV effects of candidate drugs (S94)

Nitazoxanide 50 or 12.5 μM · Materials and methods > In-vivo zebrafish assays for toxicity testing (S48, S49); Results > Compound screening and anti-CHIKV effects of candidate drugs (S94)

Specifications

Manufacturer Adooq Bioscience
CAS Number 55981-09-4
Applications Anthelmintic Agent
Formula C12H9N3O5S
Molecular Weight 307.28
Synonyms NTZ; NSC 697855
SMILES
O=C(NC1=NC=C([N+]([O-])=O)S1)C2=CC=CC=C2OC(C)=O

Storage & Solubility

In Vitro Solubility

Reported Solubility

No reported solubility data are available for this product.

Preparing Stock Solutions

Stock preparation is unavailable for this product molecular weight.

Calculated stock concentrations do not establish solvent solubility. Refer to the reported solubility data for experimental guidance.

Storage

Store powder at -20°C, keep desiccated.
In powder form, the chemical is stable for 36 months.
In solution, store at -20°C and use within 1 month to prevent loss of potency. Aliquot to avoid multiple freeze/thaw cycles.

Research References

  1. [1] Mostafa A, Kandeil A, A M M Elshaier Y, et al. FDA-Approved Drugs with Potent In Vitro Antiviral Activity against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) (2020). PMID: 33291642 DOI: 10.3390/ph13120443 Source material
  2. [2] Li F, Jiang M, Ma M, et al. Anthelmintics nitazoxanide protects against experimental hyperlipidemia and hepatic steatosis in hamsters and mice. Acta Pharm Sin B (2022). PMID: 35530137 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.09.009 Source material
  3. [3] Wang YM, Lu JW, Lin CC, et al. Antiviral activities of niclosamide and nitazoxanide against chikungunya virus entry and transmission. Antiviral Res (2016). PMID: 27742486 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2016.10.003 Source material

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