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Metal-organic framework (MOF) linkers are organic ligands that join metal ions into porous crystalline networks. Carboxylic acids form a major ligand family, from the flexible glutaric acid to rigid aromatic acids such as [1,1′-Biphenyl]-2,3′,4,5′,6-pentacarboxylic acid. Phosphonate linkers such as butane-1,4-diyldiphosphonic acid bind metals through their phosphonic acid groups. Nitrogen-donor ligands include the tetrahedral pyridyl linker 1,3,5,7-tetrakis(4-(pyridin-4-yl)phenyl)adamantane and the imidazole-based di(1H-imidazol-1-yl)dimethylsilane. Linker length, geometry and functional groups shape the pore size, topology and surface chemistry of the resulting framework. Such frameworks are studied for gas storage and separation, catalysis, sensing and drug delivery. Some entries are synthetic precursors used to prepare functionalized linkers rather than linkers themselves.
