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Pharmaceutical excipients are inactive formulation ingredients that control form, stability and release behavior. Research on excipients covers solubility, dissolution, emulsion stability and compatibility with active compounds. Cellulose and the cellulose ether hydroxypropyl cellulose serve as binders, fillers and film-forming polymers. Sulfobutylether-β-cyclodextrin (SBE-β-CD) forms inclusion complexes that raise the aqueous solubility of hydrophobic compounds. Sodium benzoate is used as a preservative, and dipotassium hydrogen phosphate as a buffering salt. Emulsifiers include soya lecithin and the co-emulsifier dilaurylglycerosulfate, while 1-hydroxyoctadecane, also called stearyl alcohol, thickens creams. ALC-0159, a polyethylene glycol (PEG) lipid, is an excipient of lipid nanoparticle vaccine formulations.
