Fig. 1 · Structure

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Venlafaxine hydrochloride

Serotonin/Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitor

Venlafaxine hydrochloride is a potent serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI) used primarily in the treatment of depression and anxiety disorders. By inhibiting the reuptake of serotonin and norepinephrine, it increases the availability of these neurotransmitters in the synaptic cleft, enhancing mood and emotional well-being. This compound is utilized in various preclinical studies investigating its efficacy in managing mood disorders and for its potential effects on neural pathways involved in stress response.

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In Vivo Studies

In the CORT mouse model of depression, Venlafaxine, EE, and their combination were equally effective in decreasing emotional and cognitive z-scores, with no statistical difference between them. In male BALB/c mice following CT26 inoculation, tumor volume with NE + Venlafaxine was 25.09% of that in the NE group. In another CORT mouse study, Venlafaxine or EE alone tended to lower the proportion of PV+ interneurons enveloped by PNN, but these effects did not reach significance. [1,2]

Literature-reported observations and conditions; not Adooq-tested protocols or general treatment recommendations.

Emotional and cognitive outcomes in CORT model mice

Animal study · Ten-week-old male C57Bl/6Rj mice; CORT mouse model of depression [1]

Male mice in the CORT model of depression received Venlafaxine at 16 mg/kg in drinking water for 8 weeks. Venlafaxine, EE, and their combination were equally effective in decreasing emotional and cognitive z-scores, with no statistical difference between strategies.

Measured endpoints — not treatment concentrations
EndpointReported resultReference
emotional z-scoreReported result all three strategies (VLX, EE, their combination) were equally effective in decreasing emotional and cognitive z-scores, with no statistical difference found between them[1]

Conditions shared by the study groups

Route
drinking water
Treatment course
8 weeks of venlafaxine
Vehicle
0.45% β-cyclodextrin
Study groups and reported outcomes
Group / doseComparatorObserved resultReference
Venlafaxine 16 mg/kgCORT-VEH mice, n = 12all three strategies (VLX, EE, their combination) were equally effective in decreasing emotional and cognitive z-scores, with no statistical difference found between them[1]
Venlafaxine 16 mg/kg
Model: Ten-week-old male C57Bl/6Rj mice; CORT mouse model of depression
Methods and source locations

Compound reported in the paper: Venlafaxine

The paper names Venlafaxine without stating the salt or form; not verified as the hydrochloride form supplied as A10969. No dose conversion or lot validation.

Materials and methods > Animals (S1); Materials and methods > Drugs administration > Corticosterone (CORT) (S11); Materials and methods > Drugs administration > Venlafaxine (VLX) (S12); Results > Long-term treatment with venlafaxine is necessary to induce antidepressant effects (S74); Results > Exposure to enriched environment greatly shortens the time to antidepressant action of venlafaxine (S95, S97); Fig. 1 legend (S135, S141)

emotional z-score: emotional z-score; comparator: CORT-VEH mice, n = 12 — Results > Exposure to enriched environment greatly shortens the time to antidepressant action of venlafaxine (S97); Fig. 1 legend (S141)

Venlafaxine 16 mg/kg · Materials and methods > Drugs administration > Venlafaxine (VLX) (S12); Results > Exposure to enriched environment greatly shortens the time to antidepressant action of venlafaxine (S95, S97)

Venlafaxine with NE and tumor volume in mice

Animal study · male BALB/c mice were randomly divided into four groups (n = 5) [2]

Male BALB/c mice received Venlafaxine at 10 mg/kg intraperitoneally in the NE + VEN group. Following CT26 inoculation, tumor volume in the NE + VEN group was 25.09% of that in the NE group.

Measured endpoints — not treatment concentrations
EndpointReported resultReference
tumor volumetumor volume On day 17 following CT26 inoculation, NE + VEN group: 25.09% of those in the NE group[2]

Conditions shared by the study groups

Route
intraperitoneally
Treatment course
every day; One week later; for additional 17 days
Study groups and reported outcomes
Group / doseComparatorObserved resultReference
Venlafaxine 10 mg/kgNE (0.125 mg/kg)25.09% of those in the NE group[2]
Venlafaxine 10 mg/kg
Model: male BALB/c mice were randomly divided into four groups (n = 5)
Reported limits: Not stated in the sentences used: vehicle.
Methods and source locations

Compound reported in the paper: Venlafaxine

The paper names Venlafaxine without stating the salt or form; not verified as the hydrochloride form supplied as A10969. No dose conversion or lot validation.

Results > Venlafaxine antagonizes the NE-promoted colon cancer in vivo and in vitro (S10); Fig. 1 legend (S187, S188, S189, S192)

tumor volume: tumor volume; comparator: NE (0.125 mg/kg) — Results > Venlafaxine antagonizes the NE-promoted colon cancer in vivo and in vitro (S10); Fig. 1 legend (S192)

Venlafaxine 10 mg/kg · Results > Venlafaxine antagonizes the NE-promoted colon cancer in vivo and in vitro (S10); Fig. 1 legend (S187, S188, S189)

PNN enclosure of interneurons in CORT model mice

Animal study · Ten-week-old male C57Bl/6Rj mice; CORT mouse model of depression [1]

Male mice in the CORT model of depression received Venlafaxine at 16 mg/kg in drinking water for 2 weeks. Venlafaxine or EE alone tended to lower the proportion of PV+ interneurons enveloped by PNN, but these effects did not reach significance.

Measured endpoints — not treatment concentrations
EndpointReported resultReference
Proportion of PV+/PNN+ cells among PV+ cells in CA1Reported result Although venlafaxine or EE alone tended to lower the proportion of PV+ interneurons enveloped by PNN, these effects did not reach significance[1]

Conditions shared by the study groups

Route
drinking water
Treatment course
2 weeks
Vehicle
0.45% β-cyclodextrin
Study groups and reported outcomes
Group / doseComparatorObserved resultReference
Venlafaxine 16 mg/kgCORT-VEH mice, n = 6Although venlafaxine or EE alone tended to lower the proportion of PV+ interneurons enveloped by PNN, these effects did not reach significance[1]
Venlafaxine 16 mg/kg
Model: Ten-week-old male C57Bl/6Rj mice; CORT mouse model of depression
Methods and source locations

Compound reported in the paper: Venlafaxine

The paper names Venlafaxine without stating the salt or form; not verified as the hydrochloride form supplied as A10969. No dose conversion or lot validation.

Materials and methods > Animals (S1); Materials and methods > Drugs administration > Corticosterone (CORT) (S11); Materials and methods > Drugs administration > Venlafaxine (VLX) (S12); Results > The antidepressant action requires the remodeling of the extracellular matrix surrounding hippocampal interneurons (S102, S105); Fig. 2 legend (S147, S148, S149)

Proportion of PV+/PNN+ cells among PV+ cells in CA1: Proportion of PV+/PNN+ cells among PV+ cells in CA1; comparator: CORT-VEH mice, n = 6 — Results > The antidepressant action requires the remodeling of the extracellular matrix surrounding hippocampal interneurons (S105); Fig. 2 legend (S149)

Venlafaxine 16 mg/kg · Materials and methods > Drugs administration > Venlafaxine (VLX) (S12); Results > The antidepressant action requires the remodeling of the extracellular matrix surrounding hippocampal interneurons (S105); Fig. 2 legend (S147, S148)

Specifications

Manufacturer Adooq Bioscience
Actions Inhibitor
CAS Number 99300-78-4
Applications Serotonin/Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitor
Formula C17H28ClNO2
Molecular Weight 313.86
Synonyms Wy 45030 hydrochloride
SMILES
OC1(C(C2=CC=C(OC)C=C2)CN(C)C)CCCCC1.Cl

Storage & Solubility

In Vitro Solubility

Reported Solubility

No reported solubility data are available for this product.

Preparing Stock Solutions

Stock preparation is unavailable for this product molecular weight.

Calculated stock concentrations do not establish solvent solubility. Refer to the reported solubility data for experimental guidance.

Storage

Store powder at -20°C, keep desiccated.
In powder form, the chemical is stable for 36 months.
In solution, store at -20°C and use within 1 month to prevent loss of potency. Aliquot to avoid multiple freeze/thaw cycles.

Research References

  1. [1] Coutens B, Lejards C, Bouisset G, et al. Enriched environmental exposure reduces the onset of action of the serotonin norepinephrin reuptake inhibitor venlafaxine through its effect on parvalbumin interneurons plasticity in mice. Transl Psychiatry (2023). PMID: 37365183 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-023-02519-x Source material
  2. [2] Zhang H, Han J, Zhang J, et al. Venlafaxine antagonizes the noradrenaline-promoted colon cancer progression by inhibiting the norepinephrine transporter. Cell Death Discov (2023). PMID: 37156838 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-023-01447-5 Source material

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