Fig. 1 · Structure

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Plinabulin (NPI-2358)

Cat. No. A10654 CAS 714272-27-2

Microtubule Inhibitor

NPI-2358 is a synthetic analog of NPI-2350, a natural product isolated from Aspergillus sp., which depolymerizes microtubules in A549 human lung carcinoma cells.

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Biological Activity

Target & Activity

Target Activity Value
Tubulin 9.8 nM-18 nM

Cellular Effect

Cell Line Activity Value Description Reference
A549 IC50 0.0055 μM Cytotoxicity against human A549 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability measured after 72 hrs by CCK8 assay [PMID: 27318124]
A549 IC50 0.01 μM Cytotoxicity against human A549 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 72 hrs by CCK8 assay [PMID: 24960627]
A549 IC50 3.5 nM Cytotoxicity in human A549 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 72 hrs by MTT assay [PMID: 30910474]
A549 IC50 35.7 nM Cytotoxicity against human A549 cells after 48 hrs by WST8 assay [PMID: 25313318]
BGC-823 IC50 0.009 μM Cytotoxicity against human BGC823 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 72 hrs by CCK8 assay [PMID: 24960627]
BXPC-3 IC50 4.28 nM Antiproliferative activity against human BxPC3 cells after 72 hrs by sulforhodamine B assay [PMID: 29571653]
BXPC-3 IC50 5.8 nM Cytotoxicity against human BxPC3 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 72 hrs by MTT assay [PMID: 32278711]
DU-145 IC50 0.014 μM Cytotoxicity against human DU-145 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability measured after 72 hrs by CCK8 assay [PMID: 27318124]
HCT-116 IC50 6 nM Antiproliferative activity against human HCT116 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 72 hrs by SRB assay [PMID: 31759826]
HeLa IC50 0.0084 μM Cytotoxicity against human HeLa cells assessed as reduction in cell viability measured after 72 hrs by CCK8 assay [PMID: 27318124]
HeLa IC50 0.01 μM Cytotoxicity against human HeLa cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 72 hrs by CCK8 assay [PMID: 24960627]
HeLa IC50 20.6 nM Cytotoxicity against human HeLa cells after 48 hrs by WST8 assay [PMID: 25313318]
HeLa IC50 9 nM Antiproliferative activity against human HeLa cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 72 hrs by SRB assay [PMID: 31759826]
HepG2 IC50 4.8 nM Antiproliferative activity against human HepG2 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 72 hrs by SRB assay [PMID: 31759826]
HL-60 IC50 0.01 μM Cytotoxicity against human HL60 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 72 hrs by CCK8 assay [PMID: 24960627]
HL-60 IC50 0.0148 μM Cytotoxicity against human HL-60 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability measured after 72 hrs by CCK8 assay [PMID: 27318124]
HT-29 IC50 0.013 μM Cytotoxicity against human HT-29 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability measured after 72 hrs by CCK8 assay [PMID: 27318124]
HT-29 IC50 13.5 nM Cytotoxicity against human HT-29 cells after 72 hrs by XTT/PMS method [PMID: 21106379]
HT-29 IC50 14.9 nM Cytotoxicity against human HT-29 cells after 48 hrs using resazurin by microplate fluorometer analysis [PMID: 22185476]
HT-29 IC50 15 nM Cytotoxicity against human HT-29 cells after 48 hrs by resazurin assay [PMID: 22727370]

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In Vitro Studies

In glioblastoma cells treated with Plinabulin at 50 nM for 24 hr, RNA-sequence analysis identified 2664 differentially expressed genes. In glioblastoma, Plinabulin treatment at 0, 4, 8, and 16 nM produced a significant, dose-dependent reduction in p-mTOR and p-AKT expression levels. [1]

Literature-reported observations and conditions; not Adooq-tested protocols or general treatment recommendations.

Plinabulin alters gene expression in glioblastoma cells

Cell-based study · glioblastoma cells [1]

Glioblastoma cells were treated with Plinabulin at 50 nM for 24 hr. RNA-sequence analysis identified 2664 differentially expressed genes regulated by Plinabulin.

Measured endpoints — not treatment concentrations
EndpointReported resultReference
RNA-sequence analysisdifferentially expressed genes 50 nM, 24 hr: 2664 differentially expressed genes (DEGs)[1]

Literature-Reported Treatment Conditions

Treatment concentration
50 nM
Exposure duration
24 hr
Method
treated with Plinabulin
Vehicle
DMSO
Methods and source locations

Compound reported in the paper: Plinabulin

Literature evidence for the named compound in the stated model; no Adooq product-use or lot-performance claim.

Materials and Methods (S2, S43); Results (S66, S67)

RNA-sequence analysis: RNA-sequence analysis; comparator: DMSO — Materials and Methods (S43); Results (S66, S67)

Plinabulin reduces p-mTOR and p-AKT expression in glioblastoma

Cell-based study · glioblastoma [1]

In glioblastoma, treatment with Plinabulin at 0, 4, 8, and 16 nM produced a significant, dose-dependent reduction in p-mTOR and p-AKT expression levels.

Measured endpoints — not treatment concentrations
EndpointReported resultReference
p-mTOR and p-AKT expression levelsReported result p-mTOR and p-AKT expression levels exhibited a significant and dose-dependent reduction upon treatment with plinabulin (0, 4, 8, and 16 nM)[1]

Literature-Reported Treatment Conditions

Treatment concentration
0, 4, 8, and 16 nM
Method
treatment with plinabulin
Vehicle
DMSO
Reported limits
Not stated in the sentences used: schedule.
Methods and source locations

Compound reported in the paper: Plinabulin

Literature evidence for the named compound in the stated model; no Adooq product-use or lot-performance claim.

Materials and Methods (S2); Results (S79, S90)

p-mTOR and p-AKT expression levels: p-mTOR and p-AKT expression levels; comparator: 0 nM — Results (S90)

In Vivo Studies

Mice with established MC38 tumors received peri-tumoral injections of Plinabulin at 7.0 mg/kg. Plinabulin-treated mice had significantly smaller tumor volumes after 14 days of treatment compared to vehicle-treated mice. [2]

Plinabulin reduces tumor volumes in mice with established tumors

Animal study · C57BL/6N WT; established MC38 tumors [2]

Mice with established MC38 tumors received peri-tumoral injections of Plinabulin at 7.0 mg/kg. Plinabulin-treated mice had significantly smaller tumor volumes after 14 days of treatment compared to vehicle-treated mice.

Measured endpoints — not treatment concentrations
EndpointReported resultReference
tumor volumes after 14 days of treatmentReported result Mice with established tumors were treated with seven doses of plinabulin (7.0 mg/kg; given peri-tumorally) spread over 11 days. Plinabulin-treated mice had significantly smaller tumor volumes after 14 days of treatment compared to vehicle-treated mice.[2]

Conditions shared by the study groups

Route
peri tumoural injections
Treatment course
on days 0, 1, 2, 4, 7, 9, and 11
Vehicle
DMSO
Study groups and reported outcomes
Group / doseComparatorObserved resultReference
Plinabulin 7.0 mg/kgvehicle-treated miceMice with established tumors were treated with seven doses of plinabulin (7.0 mg/kg; given peri-tumorally) spread over 11 days. Plinabulin-treated mice had significantly smaller tumor volumes after 14 days of treatment compared to vehicle-treated mice.[2]
Plinabulin 7.0 mg/kg
Model: C57BL/6N WT; established MC38 tumors
Methods and source locations

Compound reported in the paper: Plinabulin

Literature evidence for the named compound in the stated model; no Adooq product-use or lot-performance claim.

Materials and Methods > In vivo Tumor Challenge and Treatment Protocol (S18, S19); Results > Plinabulin Treatment Leads to Shrinkage of MC38 Tumors and Intratumoral Accumulation of M1-Like TAMs (S64, S65)

tumor volumes after 14 days of treatment: tumor volumes after 14 days of treatment; comparator: vehicle-treated mice — Results > Plinabulin Treatment Leads to Shrinkage of MC38 Tumors and Intratumoral Accumulation of M1-Like TAMs (S64, S65)

Plinabulin 7.0 mg/kg · Materials and Methods > In vivo Tumor Challenge and Treatment Protocol (S19); Results > Plinabulin Treatment Leads to Shrinkage of MC38 Tumors and Intratumoral Accumulation of M1-Like TAMs (S64, S65)

Specifications

Manufacturer Adooq Bioscience
Actions Inhibitor
CAS Number 714272-27-2
Applications Microtubule Inhibitor
Formula C19H20N4O2
Molecular Weight 336.4
Synonyms NPI-2358
SMILES
CC(C)(C)C1=C(N=CN1)/C=C\2/C(=O)N/C(=C\C3=CC=CC=C3)/C(=O)N2

Storage & Solubility

In Vitro Solubility

Reported Solubility

SolventReported Solubility
DMSO Warmed: 49 mg/mL (145.66 mM)
Water Insoluble
Ethanol Insoluble

Preparing Stock Solutions

Stock preparation is unavailable for this product molecular weight.

Calculated stock concentrations do not establish solvent solubility. Refer to the reported solubility data for experimental guidance.

Storage

Store powder at -20°C, keep desiccated.
In powder form, the chemical is stable for 36 months.
In solution, store at -20°C and use within 1 month to prevent loss of potency. Aliquot to avoid multiple freeze/thaw cycles.

Research References

  1. [1] Wang R, Cheng J, Zhang H, et al. Plinabulin exerts an anti-proliferative effect via the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathways in glioblastoma. Iran J Basic Med Sci (2025). PMID: 39877641 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2024.79406.17200 Source material
  2. [2] Natoli M, Herzig P, Pishali Bejestani E, et al. Plinabulin, a Distinct Microtubule-Targeting Chemotherapy, Promotes M1-Like Macrophage Polarization and Anti-tumor Immunity. Front Oncol (2021). PMID: 33747968 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.644608 Source material

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