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CXCR antagonists block CXC chemokine receptors, chiefly CXCR4 and the interleukin-8 receptors CXCR1 and CXCR2. CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) binds CXC motif chemokine ligand 12 (CXCL12), also called stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF-1), and guides the homing of hematopoietic and immune cells. In 1996 CXCR4 was identified as an entry coreceptor for T-cell-tropic human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). Plerixafor and mavorixafor are CXCR4 antagonists used in studies of stem cell mobilization, cell migration and viral entry. CXCR1 and CXCR2 respond to interleukin-8 (CXCL8) and recruit neutrophils, a process studied with navarixin and reparixin.
Herpetin is an active lignan that functions as a bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell inducer. It activates the SDF-1/CXCR4 axis and the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, promoting stem cell recruitment and differentiation. This compound is relevant for research applications focused on acute liver injury and related regenerative processes.
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