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Apoptosis related compounds affect cell survival indirectly, through metabolism, stress responses or signaling. Unlike the target categories of the Apoptosis section, this mixed set groups compounds by a reported link to cell death rather than by one mechanism. Sodium oxamate, a pyruvate analog, inhibits lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and is used to study glycolytic metabolism. Zinc protoporphyrin inhibits heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1), an enzyme induced by oxidative stress. Sulforaphane, an isothiocyanate from cruciferous vegetables, activates nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and has been reported to inhibit histone deacetylases. CASIN inhibits the small GTPase cell division cycle 42 (Cdc42). Drugs such as flurbiprofen and metronidazole are also included, so the list is broad.
Clofilium tosylate, a potassium channel blocker, induces apoptosis of human promyelocytic leukemia (HL-60) cells via Bcl-2-insensitive activation of caspase-3. Antiarrhythmic agent.
