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Cell culture and assay reagents support cell growth in vitro and the measurement of viability and proliferation. Serum-free media often add hormones such as insulin, hydrocortisone and liothyronine, the active thyroid hormone, together with L-glutamine as a nutrient. Enzymes such as trypsin and hyaluronidase help dissociate adherent cells and tissue fragments. Tetrazolium salts such as MTT and WST-8 report metabolic activity through the formation of a colored formazan. 5-Ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU) and 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) label newly synthesized DNA in dividing cells. Calcein-AM and propidium iodide distinguish live from dead cells by esterase activity and membrane integrity.
