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Stem cell reprogramming and differentiation reagents are small molecules that steer cell identity in culture. Chemical cocktails can replace or support transcription factors when somatic cells are reprogrammed into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). Frequent components include the histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor valproic acid and the lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1) inhibitor tranylcypromine. RepSox blocks the transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) type I receptor and can replace the transcription factor Sox2. Inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3) with CHIR-99021 and of MAP kinase kinase (MEK) with PD0325901 keeps mouse embryonic stem cells in the ground state. Differentiation protocols use retinoic acid, the Hedgehog pathway agonists SAG and purmorphamine, and IDE1 for definitive endoderm.
Synonyms: SR-1
StemRegenin 1 (SR1) is a cell-permeable purine derivative that acts as an antagonist of aryl hydrocarbon receptor and promotes the self-renewal of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs).
Synonyms: SR1 hydrochloride
Stemregenin 1 hydrochloride is a purine derivative that acts as an antagonist of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). It has been shown to inhibit AhR signaling in CD34+ cells with an IC50 value of 127 nM. This compound is utilized in stem cell research to enhance the pluripotency and expansion of hematopoietic stem cells (HSC), providing valuable insights into stem cell biology and regenerative medicine.
