Catalog No.
Product Name
Application
Product Information
Citations
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Endogenous Metabolite
1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) is an endogenous metabolite that primarily targets NMDA receptors. At low glutamate concentrations, ACC functions as a small molecule agonist, enhancing NMDA receptor activity with an EC50 of 0.7-0.9 μM, while at high glutamate concentrations, it acts as a competitive antagonist with an EC50 of 81.6 nM. This dual action contributes to its neuroprotective effects, preventing neuronal cell death in ischemic models and inducing blood pressure reduction in hypertensive rats. Additionally, ACC has been shown to enhance object recognition memory and cognitive flexibility without affecting impulsivity, making it a valuable compound for studies in neurotoxicity and cognitive function. -
Endogenous Metabolite
Cytidine 5'-monophosphate (5'-Cytidylic acid) is a nucleotide that serves as a critical monomer for RNA synthesis. This compound features a nucleobase cytosine linked to a ribose sugar and a phosphate group, playing a vital role in cellular metabolism and the regulation of gene expression. Its applications extend to various areas of biochemical research, including RNA biochemistry and nucleotide metabolism studies. -
Endogenous Metabolite
Hydrocinnamic acid is an endogenous metabolite that plays a significant role in plant growth regulation. It is recognized for its ability to modulate various physiological processes, including cell elongation and stress response. This compound is commonly applied in research exploring plant metabolism, growth modifications, and the interaction between plants and their environment. -
Endogenous Metabolite
17a-Hydroxypregnenolone is an endogenous metabolite that serves as a precursor in the biosynthesis of Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA). It acts as a substrate for the enzyme 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3β-HSD), playing a critical role in steroidogenesis. This compound is valuable in research on adrenal steroid production and associated hormonal pathways. -
Endogenous Metabolite
Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) from microorganisms acts as the rate-limiting enzyme in the pentose phosphate pathway. This enzyme serves as a critical source of NADPH, supporting various biological functions including antioxidant defenses, nitric oxide synthase activity, and cytochrome P450 metabolism. G6PD is particularly relevant for research into metabolic disorders such as diabetes, endothelial dysfunction, cancer, and cardiomyopathy, facilitating insights into disease mechanisms and therapeutic strategies. -
MAO Inhibitor
Norharmane is a reversible monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitor, exhibiting IC50 values of 6.5 μM for MAO-A and 4.7 μM for MAO-B. This β-carboline alkaloid demonstrates potential antidepressant effects and may act as an anti-cancer photosensitizer. Additionally, Norharmane has been shown to inhibit polar auxin transport by targeting the PIN2, PIN3, and PIN7 transport proteins, resulting in significant growth suppression of Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings. -
Endogenous Metabolite
Meso-tetrakis(4-aminophenyl)porphyrin is a porphyrin derivative that serves as a versatile ligand in biochemical research. It exhibits strong interactions with metal ions and has been investigated for its potential applications in photodynamic therapy and as a biosensor for detecting endogenous metabolites. Additionally, its unique structural properties make it a useful tool in studying various biological processes and developing new therapeutic strategies. -
Endogenous Metabolite
D-N-Acetylgalactosamine is an endogenous metabolite involved in various biological processes, including glycosylation and cell signaling. It serves as a substrate for the synthesis of glycoproteins and glycolipids, influencing cellular functions and interactions. This compound is valuable for research in carbohydrate biochemistry, cellular metabolism, and the study of glycan-related diseases. -
Endogenous Metabolite
Taurocholic acid sodium salt hydrate is an endogenous metabolite that modulates cellular signaling pathways. It demonstrates significant bioactivity, particularly in inhibiting biliary damage induced by hepatic artery ligation, which is associated with the upregulation of VEGF-A expression. This compound also exhibits immunoregulatory effects, making it valuable for research on metabolic and inflammatory processes. -
Endogenous Metabolite
ATP disodium trihydrate functions as a critical endogenous metabolite involved in energy storage and metabolism. As a primary energy source, it powers metabolic processes and acts as a coenzyme in various cellular reactions. Additionally, ATP disodium trihydrate plays a vital role in signaling pathways associated with immune responses and inflammation, making it an essential reagent for studies in cellular biology and biochemistry. -
Endogenous Metabolite
Stachydrine is an endogenous metabolite that primarily functions in promoting blood circulation and alleviating blood stasis, particularly noted in the traditional Chinese herb Leonurus heterophyllus. This compound has been shown to inhibit the NF-κB signaling pathway, suggesting its potential role in modulating inflammatory processes. Stachydrine is valuable for research applications focused on cardiovascular health and inflammation. -
Endogenous Metabolite
5-Aminovaleric acid is a metabolic derivative of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and is known to function as a weak GABA agonist. It plays a role in neurotransmitter regulation and may influence neuronal excitability and inhibition. This compound is utilized in research related to neuropharmacology, including studies on GABAergic signaling and the modulation of synaptic transmission. -
Endogenous Metabolite
L-Alanyl-L-glutamine is an endogenous metabolite that serves as a dipeptide composed of alanine and glutamine. It exhibits antioxidant properties, reduces inflammation, and has been shown to modulate the heat shock protein response under catabolic conditions. This compound is useful for research applications focused on metabolic regulation and cellular stress responses. -
Endogenous Metabolite
Thyminose is a naturally occurring 2-deoxyaldopentose that serves as an endogenous metabolite. It is generated through the hydrolysis of the nucleosides found in thym nucleic acid. Thyminose is important for studies focused on nucleotide metabolism and may have implications in understanding thymidine-related biological processes. It can be utilized in biochemical research to investigate the roles of nucleotide derivatives in cellular functions. -
Endogenous Metabolite
3-Oxocholic acid is an oxo-bile acid metabolite that plays a critical role as a major degradation product of cholic acid by Clostridium perfringens in the gastrointestinal tract. This steroid acid is primarily found in mammalian bile and is integral to studies on bile acid metabolism and microbial interactions within the intestines. Research applications include investigating metabolic pathways and understanding the effects of bile acids on intestinal health and disease. -
Endogenous Metabolite
Histone (calf thymus) is a core component of chromatin that plays a crucial role in DNA packaging and regulation of gene expression. This endogenous metabolite can be isolated from calf thymus through an acid extraction technique. Histones are essential for studying epigenetic modifications, chromatin dynamics, and their impact on various biological processes, making them valuable in research pertaining to genetics and molecular biology. -
Endogenous Metabolite
8-Hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine is an important endogenous metabolite known for its role as a biomarker of oxidative stress and DNA damage. It serves as a key indicator in research studies focused on cancer biology and the mechanisms of carcinogenesis. Measurement and analysis of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine can provide insights into cellular oxidative processes and their implications in disease pathology. -
Endogenous Metabolite
Isodeoxycholic acid (7α,12α-Dihydroxycholanoic acid) is an endogenous metabolite and a 3β-hydroxylated secondary bile acid. It is generated through the epimerization of deoxycholic acid by intestinal bacteria and is primarily found in feces as saponifiable conjugates with long-chain fatty acids. This compound plays a significant role in the regulation of intestinal physiology and is useful in studying metabolic processes and gut health. -
Endogenous Metabolite
Acetylcarnitine is an endogenous metabolite that functions primarily in mitochondrial energy metabolism and histone acetylation. It plays a crucial role in attenuating oxidative stress and neuroinflammation, making it relevant in the study of fatigue-associated diseases. Additionally, acetylcarnitine is being explored as a potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for hepatocellular carcinoma, thereby contributing valuable insights in cancer research. -
Endogenous Metabolite
Pyrocatechuic acid is an endogenous metabolite of benzoic acid found in human plasma. Its concentration is known to increase following aspirin ingestion, making it a significant biomarker for metabolic studies. This compound can be utilized in research exploring metabolic pathways, pharmacokinetics, and the physiological effects of aspirin and other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. -
Endogenous Metabolite
5-Aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) serves as an endogenous metabolite and is crucial in the biosynthesis of heme. It acts as a precursor for porphyrin synthesis, influencing various biological processes, including oxygen transport and electron transfer in cellular respiration. 5-ALA is widely used in research related to metabolic pathways, photodynamic therapy, and cancer diagnostics. -
Endogenous Metabolite
Pregnant mare serum gonadotropin (PMSG) is an endogenous metabolite that acts as a gonadotropin, promoting follicular development and ovulation in various animal species. It regulates endocrine functions by influencing blood hormone levels, gonadotropins, and cytoplasmic estradiol receptors within the anterior pituitary and hypothalamus. PMSG is widely used in livestock to enhance reproductive efficiency and serves as a valuable tool in research related to estrous cycle regulation and reproductive biology. -
Endogenous Metabolite
Indole-3-acetamide is an endogenous metabolite and a key intermediate in the biosynthesis of 3-Indoleacetic acid, a predominant auxin that functions as a natural plant growth hormone. This compound plays a critical role in plant development, influencing processes such as cell elongation and differentiation. It is a valuable reagent for research in plant physiology and the hormonal regulation of growth. -
Aldose
DL-Glyceraldehyde is a bioactive compound that serves as an intermediate in cellular energy metabolism, specifically targeting aldose in glycolysis and gluconeogenesis pathways. It plays a crucial role in converting sugars to energy and in the biosynthesis of glucose. Research applications include the investigation of metabolic disorders and diseases related to sugar metabolism, such as diabetes and cancer. -
Endogenous Metabolite
N1-Acetylspermine trihydrochloride is an endogenous polyamine metabolite that plays a significant role in cellular growth and differentiation. This compound is primarily investigated in the context of leukemia research, where it serves as a potential biomarker or therapeutic target. Its involvement in tumor progression and cellular signaling pathways makes it a valuable tool for studies focused on cancer biology and metabolic profiling. -
Endogenous Metabolite
Sodium 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate is an endogenous metabolite that serves as a precursor to pantothenic acid in Escherichia coli. This compound plays a crucial role in the biosynthesis of coenzyme A, which is essential for various metabolic processes. Its application in research includes studies on metabolic pathways and the regulation of pantothenic acid synthesis in microbial systems. -
Endogenous Metabolite
D-Glucosamine 6-phosphate is an endogenous metabolite primarily involved in carbohydrate metabolism. It serves as a critical substrate in the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway and plays a role in the regulation of gene expression and cellular signaling. This compound is particularly relevant in diabetic research, providing insights into metabolic dysregulation associated with diabetes mellitus. -
Endogenous Metabolite
DL-α-Tocopherol acetate is a derivative of vitamin E that functions as a potent antioxidant. Its primary mechanism involves scavenging free radicals, thereby protecting cellular components from oxidative stress. This compound is widely utilized in research applications related to nutritional studies, cellular biology, and the exploration of oxidative damage in various biological systems. -
Endogenous Metabolite
1-Methylhistamine dihydrochloride is a metabolite of histamine that primarily targets histamine receptors. This compound exhibits significant biological activity in the modulation of allergic responses and neurotransmission processes. It is widely utilized in research applications focusing on histamine signaling pathways and its role in various physiological and pathological conditions. -
Endogenous Metabolite
D-Ribose 5-phosphate disodium dihydrate is an essential endogenous metabolite that serves as a critical intermediate in the oxidative branch of the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) and as an end product of its nonoxidative branch. It plays a pivotal role in the biosynthesis of nucleotides and nucleic acids, making it valuable for research applications in cellular metabolism and molecular biology. This compound is crucial for studies focused on metabolic flux and the regulation of nucleotide pools. -
Endogenous Metabolite
2-Methylcitric acid is an endogenous metabolite involved in the 2-methylcitric acid cycle. Its accumulation is associated with methylmalonic and propionic acidemias, making it a valuable marker metabolite for these conditions. Additionally, 2-methylcitric acid has been shown to significantly inhibit ADP-stimulated and uncoupled respiration in mitochondria when supported by glutamate, highlighting its potential utility in metabolic research. -
Endogenous Metabolite
Succinaldehydic acid is an endogenous metabolite derived from the catabolism of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). It plays a significant role in various metabolic pathways and is involved in energy production. This compound has applications in research focused on neurochemistry and metabolic disorders, providing insights into GABAergic signaling and related physiological processes. -
Endogenous Metabolite
2,6-Diaminoheptanedioic acid is an endogenous metabolite crucial for bacterial cell wall biosynthesis. This compound plays a significant role in microbial metabolism and can serve as a potential biomarker for the quantification of microbial proteins. Its study is important for understanding bacterial physiology and developing antimicrobial strategies. -
Endogenous Metabolite
3-Bromopropan-1-ol is an endogenous metabolite that plays a role in reproductive physiology. It is significantly upregulated during the estrus phase in buffaloes, making it a valuable tool for studying estrus-related biological processes. This compound can be utilized in research focused on buffalo reproductive cycles and hormonal regulation. -
Endogenous Metabolite
Nε,Nε,Nε-Trimethyllysine chloride functions as a precursor in the biosynthesis of gut flora-dependent N,N,N-trimethyl-5-aminovaleric acid (TMAVA). This compound plays a crucial role in metabolic pathways and can be utilized in research focused on microbiota interactions and metabolic profiling. Its involvement in the synthesis of biologically active metabolites makes it a valuable reagent for studies in metabolic health and gut microbiome-related research. -
Endogenous Metabolite
21-Deoxycortisol is an endogenous metabolite that serves as a biomarker for congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH). This compound plays a critical role in the adrenal steroid biosynthesis pathway, and its levels can provide valuable insights into adrenal gland function and steroidogenesis. It is commonly used in clinical research and diagnostics to assess adrenal disorders and hormonal imbalances. -
CYP17A1 Inhibitor
YM116 is a potent and orally active competitive inhibitor of CYP17A1, with a reported Ki of 0.38 nM. By specifically inhibiting the C17-20 lyase activity, YM116 effectively reduces the synthesis of adrenal androgens, leading to decreased serum testosterone levels and lower dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate concentrations. This compound is valuable for research applications involving androgen-related disorders and prostate health. -
CYP1B1 Degrader
PROTAC CYP1B1 degrader-2 is a VHL E3 ligase-based degrader targeting CYP1B1, exhibiting a DC50 of 1.0 nM in A549/Taxol cells after 24 hours. This compound effectively inhibits the growth, migration, and invasion of cancer cells, making it a valuable tool for research into the therapeutic potential of targeting CYP1B1 in cancer treatment. Its unique mechanism of action offers insights into the modulation of protein levels in various biological contexts. -
hCYP3A4 Inhibitor
hCYP3A4-IN-1 is a potent inhibitor of human cytochrome P450 3A4 (hCYP3A4) with notable activity in both human liver microsomes and CHO-3A4 stable cell lines, exhibiting IC50 values of 43.93 nM and 153.00 nM, respectively. This inhibitor effectively blocks CYP3A4-mediated hydroxylation of N-ethyl-1,8-naphthalimide (NEN) in a competitive manner, with a Ki of 30.00 nM. hCYP3A4-IN-1 is valuable for research applications focused on drug metabolism and interactions involving CYP3A4. -
CYP3A4 Inhibitor
Tabimorelin hemifumarate is a potent inhibitor of the cytochrome P450 enzyme CYP3A4. This compound functions as a growth hormone secretagogue, promoting the secretion of growth hormone in the body. Its key biological activities make it valuable for research applications in endocrine signaling and pharmacokinetics, particularly in studies assessing drug metabolism and interactions involving CYP3A4. -
CYP4A Hydroxylase Inhibitor
CAY 10434 is a potent inhibitor of CYP4A hydroxylase, demonstrating significant effects on vascular smooth muscle contractility. This compound enhances the contractile response to angiotensin II, achieving a maximal contractile response (Emax) of 6764 mg. CAY 10434 is valuable for research into cardiovascular physiology and the regulatory mechanisms underlying vascular reactivity. -
CYP11B2 Inhibitor
CYP11B2-IN-3 is a selective inhibitor of CYP11B2, demonstrating an IC50 value of 12.92 nM for CYP11B2 and 2341 nM for CYP11B1. This compound is orally active, making it suitable for in vivo studies. CYP11B2-IN-3 is primarily applicable in research related to hypertension, providing a valuable tool for investigating the role of CYP11B2 in adrenal steroidogenesis and blood pressure regulation. -
CYP1A2/CYP2D6/CYP3A4 Inhibitor
Peucedanol is a non-competitive inhibitor of CYP3A4 with a Ki value of 4.07 μM, while functioning as a competitive inhibitor of CYP1A2 and CYP2D6, with Ki values of 3.39 μM and 6.77 μM, respectively. This compound plays a significant role in pharmacological research by modulating drug metabolism pathways. Its ability to inhibit key cytochrome P450 enzymes makes it a valuable tool for studies examining drug interactions and metabolic regulation. -
CYP3A4 Inhibitor
Licopyranocoumarin is an isoflavonoid known for its inhibitory action on the cytochrome P450 enzyme CYP3A4, exhibiting an IC50 of 32 μM. This compound also demonstrates significant neuroprotective properties, making it a valuable reagent for studies focused on drug metabolism and neurodegenerative disorders. Researchers may utilize Licopyranocoumarin to explore its effects on enzyme activity and potential therapeutic applications in neurological research. -
CYP1B1 Inhibitor
CYP1B1-IN-1 is a selective inhibitor of cytochrome P450 1B1 (CYP1B1) with an IC50 value of 0.49 nM. This compound is valuable for studying the role of CYP1B1 in various biological processes, including the metabolism of xenobiotics and the activation of pro-carcinogens. CYP1B1-IN-1 is suitable for research applications focused on cancer biology and toxicology, providing insights into the pharmacological modulation of CYP1B1 activity. -
CYP450 Inhibitor
11-HETE (11-Hydroxy-5,8,12,14-eicosatetraenoic acid) serves as an activator for cytochrome P450 enzymes. This compound is known to upregulate the mRNA expressions of CYP1B1, CYP1A1, CYP4A11, CYP4F11, and CYP4F2, leading to significant biological effects such as cell hypertrophy in RL-14 cells. Due to its modulatory role in cytochrome P450 activity, 11-HETE holds potential applications in the study of cardiovascular diseases. -
CYP1A1 Inducer
Methysticin is a kavalactone derived from kava extract, primarily acting as an inducer of CYP1A1. This compound is relevant in studies investigating metabolic enzyme modulation and its impact on drug metabolism. Additionally, it has potential implications in understanding the biochemical pathways associated with liver function and detoxification processes. -
CYP17A1 Lyase Inhibitor
BMS-351 is a potent, orally active nonsteroidal inhibitor of CYP17A1 lyase, demonstrating IC50 values of 19 nM for human CYP17A1 and 4 nM for cynomolgus monkey CYP17A1. This compound is primarily utilized in research focused on castration-resistant prostate cancer, providing insights into hormonal regulation and potential therapeutic interventions in this challenging malignancy. -
CYP1B1 Inhibitor
(E/Z)-DMU2105 is a selective inhibitor of CYP1B1, demonstrating potent inhibition with an IC50 value of 10 nM in yeast-derived microsomes and 63.65 nM in live recombinant yeast and human HEK293 kidney cells. This compound is valuable for research focused on cancer, glaucoma, ischemia, and obesity, offering insights into the role of CYP1B1 in various biological processes. Its specificity and potency make it a suitable tool for elucidating the function of this key enzyme in disease contexts. -
CYP11B2 Inhibitor
CYP11B2-IN-2 is a potent inhibitor of the aldosterone synthase enzyme CYP11B2, exhibiting an IC50 value of 0.3 nM. This compound is labeled with 18F, enabling its application as a positron emission tomography (PET) tracer for the diagnosis of primary aldosteronism. Its high specificity and efficacy make it a valuable tool for research in endocrine disorders and adrenal function.
