STING

STING agonists and inhibitors act on an adaptor protein of the cytosolic DNA sensing pathway. Stimulator of interferon genes (STING) was described in 2008 as an endoplasmic reticulum adaptor needed for innate immune signaling and type I interferon induction. STING binds cyclic dinucleotides directly, both bacterial molecules such as cyclic di-GMP and the mammalian second messenger made by cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) once it detects cytosolic DNA. Agonists listed here include 2',3'-cGAMP, Cyclic-di-GMP, ADU-S100 disodium salt (MIW815 disodium salt) and numbered compounds such as STING agonist-1. Inhibitors include H-151 and the mouse-directed C-176 and C-178, which belong to a class of covalent compounds that modify a cysteine of the transmembrane region.