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Amyloid-β (Aβ) research compounds include Aβ peptides and modulators of Aβ production, aggregation and signaling. Aβ was first purified from cerebrovascular amyloid in Alzheimer's disease and characterized in 1984. The peptide is cleaved from the amyloid precursor protein (APP), whose cloning in 1987 revealed a structure resembling a cell-surface receptor. The amyloid hypothesis proposes that Aβ accumulation drives Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis, and it frames much current research. The category includes Amyloid b-Peptide (1-42) (human) for aggregation and toxicity studies. γ-Secretase inhibitors such as avagacestat and RO4929097 reduce Aβ formation. FPS-ZM1 blocks the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE), which binds Aβ.
Aftin-4 is an amyloid-β42 inducer that electively and potently increases production of extracellular Aβ42 and decreases production of extracellular Aβ38 in cultured cells.
Aftin-5 is an inducer of Amyloid-β 42 (Aβ42) that functions by modulating β-secretase and γ-secretase activity, leading to an increase in Aβ42 levels while decreasing Aβ38 levels. This compound affects mitochondrial ultrastructure, which is essential for its biological activity. Aftin-5 displays moderate cytotoxicity in various cell lines, including SH-SY5Y, HT22, N2a, and N2a-AβPP695, with IC50 values ranging from 150 μM to 194 μM. Its role in research makes it a valuable tool for studying Alzheimer's disease and related neurodegenerative conditions.
